综放开采矿震的成因及防治对策
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摘要
通过综放开采的矿震灾害实例分析,研究综放开采矿震危害的成因与机制,初步提出相应的防治对策。综放工作面开采厚度大,高位厚硬岩层会成为主关键层,其运动幅度大、冲击能量高,发生矿震的可能性与危害性加大。综放开采的矿震是由上位主关键层与大结构、台阶形采空区边界覆岩的非充分沉降、区段煤柱、断层活化、煤柱应力集中与长时强度降低等因素形成的。主关键层大面积破断运动导致大结构失稳、释放重力势能,重力势能和冲击气浪的能量叠加转化为冲击动能,对采空区围岩做功发生矿震。应在合理开采部署的基础上,开展合理泄风、构筑嵌入式高强缓冲密闭或巷道“┬”形密闭、主关键层下位离层注浆减沉、采空区“O”形空间注浆充填等防治技术的试验研究。
The cause,mechanism and tentative control measures of mine earthquake in fully mechanized top coal caving mining are studied by case analysis.Because the coal caving height is larger in fully mechanized top coal caving mining,thick and hard rock strata at higher position turn into the main key stratum,which have large movement and higher impact energy.These enhance the possibility and harmfulness of mine earthquake.The mine earthquake is caused by many factors such as main key stratum,great structure,inadequate subsidence of step-shape gob boundary overburden,fault activation,stress concentration and reduction of long-time strength of section pillar.The great area breaking movement of main key stratum causes great structure unstable and gravity potential energy to be released at a large-scale degree.The superimposition of gravity potential energy and impact energy turns into impact kinetic energy,which causes mine earthquake by the work to surrounding rock of gob.Based on the reasonable layout of mining,the control techniques,for example,reasonable leakage wind,building embedding high strong buffer bulkhead or ┬-entry bulkhead,separating strata grouting under the main key stratum to reduce the subsidence,grouting into the O-shaped space in the gob,should be studied by experiments.
The cause,mechanism and tentative control measures of mine earthquake in fully mechanized top coal caving mining are studied by case analysis.Because the coal caving height is larger in fully mechanized top coal caving mining,thick and hard rock strata at higher position turn into the main key stratum,which have large movement and higher impact energy.These enhance the possibility and harmfulness of mine earthquake.The mine earthquake is caused by many factors such as main key stratum,great structure,inadequate subsidence of step-shape gob boundary overburden,fault activation,stress concentration and reduction of long-time strength of section pillar.The great area breaking movement of main key stratum causes great structure unstable and gravity potential energy to be released at a large-scale degree.The superimposition of gravity potential energy and impact energy turns into impact kinetic energy,which causes mine earthquake by the work to surrounding rock of gob.Based on the reasonable layout of mining,the control techniques,for example,reasonable leakage wind,building embedding high strong buffer bulkhead or ┬-entry bulkhead,separating strata grouting under the main key stratum to reduce the subsidence,grouting into the O-shaped space in the gob,should be studied by experiments.
引文
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[2]马志峰.陶庄煤矿矿震灾害与防治[J].灾害学,2002,17(4):60–63.(Ma Zhifeng.Mine quake disaster in Taozhuang coal mine and itsprevention[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2002,17(4):60–63.(inChinese))
[3]方建勤,颜荣贵,邓金灿,等.高峰型矿震地压灾害与治理对策的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1 919–1 923.(Fang Jianqin,Yan Ronggui,Deng Jincan,et al.Study on Gaofengmine tremor and its curing measures[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1 919–1 923.(inChinese))
[4]童迎世,童敏,洪迅.湖南矿山地震类型及特征分析[J].华南地震,2003,23(3):49–56.(Tong Yingshi,Tong Min,Hong Xun.The mine earthquake types in Hunan and the characteristic analysis[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2003,23(3):49–56.(inChinese))
[5]惠乃玲,刘耀权,杨明皓,等.抚顺老虎台煤矿矿震震源机制的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1998,19(1):39–45.(Hui Nailing,Liu Yaoquan,Yang Minghao,et al.Relationship between miningearthquakes and natural earthquakes[J].Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,1998,19(1):39–45.(in Chinese))
[6]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.(Qian Minggao,Miao Xiexing,XuJialin,et al.Key Strata Theory in Ground Control[M].Xuzhou:ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[7]金太,席京德,蒋金泉,等.缓倾斜厚煤层开采矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.(Jin Tai,Xi Jingde,Jiang Jinquan,et al.Mine Pressure and Ground Control in GentlyIncline Thick Coal Seam[M].Xuzhou:China University of Miningand Technology Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[8]姜福兴,杨淑华,Xun L.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(Jiang Fuxing,YangShuhua,Xun L.Spatial fractueing progresses of surrounding rockmasses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoringtechniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[9]谷新建.冒落型矿震成因机制的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(2):60–63.(Gu Xinjian.Origin and mechanism of minetremor due to falling-in[J].China Safety Science Journal,2002,12(2):60–63.(in Chinese))
[10]宋永津.注水、压裂、弱化控制煤层坚硬难冒顶板技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002.(Song Yongjin.Water Injection,Fracturing,Shortening Control Technology of Hard and Difficult Caving Roof ofCoal Seam[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2002.(in Chinese))
[11]高延法,钟亚平,李建民,等.覆岩离层带多层位注浆减沉的理论与实践[J].煤矿开采,2002,7(2):42–45.(Gao Yanfa,ZhongYaping,Li Jianmin,et al.Theory and practice of subsidence controlby multi-layer grouting in overburden bed-separation zone[J].CoalMining Technology,2002,7(2):42–45.(in Chinese))
[12]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层采动裂隙分布在绿色开采中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):141–149.(Xu Jialin,Qian Minggao.Study and application of mining-induced fracture distribution in greenmining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):141–149.(in Chinese))
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