全混洗变换的光学实现方法
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摘要
在有关文献对全混洗讨论的基础上,补充、完善了左逆混洗、右混洗和右逆混洗的研究。针对目前已经采用的实现左混洗变换方法的不足,提出了利用微光学衍射元件(微闪耀光栅阵列)实现全混洗变换的方法。通过对微闪耀光栅阵列周期参数的确定,可以控制信号光在空间闪耀输出的方向和闪耀角的大小。利用反应性离子刻蚀技术制得了1×8的微闪耀光栅阵列,成功地实现左混洗变换,该方法同样可以实现左逆混洗、右混洗和右逆混洗变换。实验结果表明,与其它实现方式相比,该方法具有器件尺寸小、衍射效率高(理论上衍射效率可达到95%左右)、光路简便易行、易微型化和集成化等特点,能够用于多级互连构建全混洗光互连网络。
In order to use optical methods and optical elements to implement perfect shuffle,a perfect shuffle transformation method using micro-blazed grating array was proposed.The left inverse perfect shuffle,right perfect shuffle and the right inverse perfect shuffle are discussed complementally based on some reports on left perfect shuffle in previous papers.According to the different grating period values,a 1×8 micro-blazed grating array element for realizing 8-channel left perfect shuffle transformation is fabricated with Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI), stepping photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching(RIE).Similarly,depending on the micro-blazed grating array with different period values,the left inverse perfect shuffle,right perfect shuffle and the right inverse perfect shuffle transformation also can be accomplished.Experimental results show obviously that,comparing with conventional methods,it has advantages of small size,compact structure,easy to integrate,high diffraction efficiency(95% or so in principle),and high performance.Thus,it should be helpful in constructing multistage perfect shuffle interconnection network.
In order to use optical methods and optical elements to implement perfect shuffle,a perfect shuffle transformation method using micro-blazed grating array was proposed.The left inverse perfect shuffle,right perfect shuffle and the right inverse perfect shuffle are discussed complementally based on some reports on left perfect shuffle in previous papers.According to the different grating period values,a 1×8 micro-blazed grating array element for realizing 8-channel left perfect shuffle transformation is fabricated with Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI), stepping photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching(RIE).Similarly,depending on the micro-blazed grating array with different period values,the left inverse perfect shuffle,right perfect shuffle and the right inverse perfect shuffle transformation also can be accomplished.Experimental results show obviously that,comparing with conventional methods,it has advantages of small size,compact structure,easy to integrate,high diffraction efficiency(95% or so in principle),and high performance.Thus,it should be helpful in constructing multistage perfect shuffle interconnection network.
引文
[1]刘泽文,宣云,雷啸锋,等.高阻硅上RF-MEMS共面波导设计及测量研究[J].光学精密工程,2005,13(2):158-164.LIU Z W,XUAN Y,LEI X F,et al..Design and measurement of RF-MEMS CPW on HRS[J].Opt.PrecisionEng.,2005,13(2):158-164.(in Chinese)
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[8]KANG H,ZHAN Y L,ZHANG J Y,et al..Optical perfect-shuffle network implementation by use of an ordinaryimaging system and holographic gratings[J].Appl.Opt.,1994,33:2988-2990.
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[11]AKOPIAN D,TAKALA J,SAARINEN J,et al..Multistage interconnection networks for parallel Viterbi decod-ers[J].IEEE Trans.Commun.,2003,51(9):1536-1545.
[12]DURAND B,VUILON L.Theoretical computer science[J].Theoret.Comput.Sci.,2003,303(2-3):288.
[13]JUTAMULLA S,STARTI G.Incoherent optical interconnects(perfect shuffle)based on shadow casting[J].Appl.Opt.,1989,28:4262-4263.
[14]HANEY M W,LEVY J J.Optically efficient free-space folded perfect shuffle network[J].Appl.Opt.,1991,30:2833-2840.
[15]NAVIASON N,FRIESEM A A,HASMAN E.Realization of perfect shuffle and inverse perfect shuffle transformswith holographic elements[J].Appl.Opt.,1992,31:1810-1812.
[16]BIAN S,XU K,HONG J.Optical perfect shuffle using Wollaston prisms[J].Appl.Opt.,1988,30:173-174.
[17]WANG J M,CHENG L,SAWCHUK A A.Optical two-dimensional perfect shuffles based on a one-copy algo-rithm[J].Appl.Opt.,1992,31:5464-5467.
[18]SHENG Y.Light effective 2-D optical perfect shuffle using Fresnel mirrors[J].Appl.Opt.,1989,28:3290-3292.
[19]XU P,ZHOU X,ZHANG X,et al..Optical perfect shuffle interconnection using computer-generated blazed grat-ing array[J].Opt.Rev.,1995,2(5):362-36515.
[20]XU P,YANG J B,HUANG H X,et al..The theoretical analysis and design of perfect shuffle interconnection u-sing micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:334-340.
[21]XU P,HUANG HX,YAN Z L,et al..Research on experiments of perfect shuffle implementation using micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:374-378.
[2]张燕君,陈才和,吴波,等.硅微光机械加速度地震检波器中M-Z光波导干涉仪结构设计[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(1):77-82.ZHANG Y J,CHEN C H,WU B,et al..Structure design of Mach-Zehnder interferometer in electrooptic inte-grated acceleration seismic geophone[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2006,14(1):77-82.(in Chinese)
[3]邵兵,孙立宁,曲东升,等.自由空间光通信ATP系统中精瞄偏转镜的设计[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(1):43-47.SHAO B,SUN L N,QU D SH,et al..Design of fine pointing tip/tilt mirror of ATP system for free space opticalcommunication[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2006,14(1):43-47.(in Chinese)
[4]杨俊波,徐平,龚向东,等.光互连网络中排序算法研究[J].光电工程,2004,31:169-172.YANG J B,XU P,GONG X D,et al..Study of routing algorithm in optical interconnect networks[J].Opto-Elec-tronic Eng.,2004,31:169-172.(in Chinese)
[5]刘中林,曹明翠,李洪谱,等.光学榕树网络与全混洗网络之间的转换及实现[J].中国激光,1996,23(9):852-856.LIU ZH L,CAO M CH,LI H P,et al..Transformations between optical banyan networks and perfect shufflenetworks and their implementation[J].Chin.J.Laser,1996,23(9):852-856.(in Chinese)
[6]BATAINEH S.QANZU'A G E.Reliable omega interconnected network for large-scale multiprocessor systems[J].Comput.J.,2003,46(5):467-475.
[7]YANG Y,WANG J.A class of multistage conference switching networks for group communication[J].IEEETrans.Parallel Distrib.Syst.,2004,15(3):228-243.
[8]KANG H,ZHAN Y L,ZHANG J Y,et al..Optical perfect-shuffle network implementation by use of an ordinaryimaging system and holographic gratings[J].Appl.Opt.,1994,33:2988-2990.
[9]SCHIANO L,LOMBARDI F.On the test and diagnosis of the perfect shuffle[C].Proceedings18thIEEE Interna-tional Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems,2003:97-104.
[10]CHOI K,LEE B.A single-stage reconfigurable 2-D optical perfect-shuffle network system using multiplexed phaseholograms[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2005,17(3):687-689.
[11]AKOPIAN D,TAKALA J,SAARINEN J,et al..Multistage interconnection networks for parallel Viterbi decod-ers[J].IEEE Trans.Commun.,2003,51(9):1536-1545.
[12]DURAND B,VUILON L.Theoretical computer science[J].Theoret.Comput.Sci.,2003,303(2-3):288.
[13]JUTAMULLA S,STARTI G.Incoherent optical interconnects(perfect shuffle)based on shadow casting[J].Appl.Opt.,1989,28:4262-4263.
[14]HANEY M W,LEVY J J.Optically efficient free-space folded perfect shuffle network[J].Appl.Opt.,1991,30:2833-2840.
[15]NAVIASON N,FRIESEM A A,HASMAN E.Realization of perfect shuffle and inverse perfect shuffle transformswith holographic elements[J].Appl.Opt.,1992,31:1810-1812.
[16]BIAN S,XU K,HONG J.Optical perfect shuffle using Wollaston prisms[J].Appl.Opt.,1988,30:173-174.
[17]WANG J M,CHENG L,SAWCHUK A A.Optical two-dimensional perfect shuffles based on a one-copy algo-rithm[J].Appl.Opt.,1992,31:5464-5467.
[18]SHENG Y.Light effective 2-D optical perfect shuffle using Fresnel mirrors[J].Appl.Opt.,1989,28:3290-3292.
[19]XU P,ZHOU X,ZHANG X,et al..Optical perfect shuffle interconnection using computer-generated blazed grat-ing array[J].Opt.Rev.,1995,2(5):362-36515.
[20]XU P,YANG J B,HUANG H X,et al..The theoretical analysis and design of perfect shuffle interconnection u-sing micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:334-340.
[21]XU P,HUANG HX,YAN Z L,et al..Research on experiments of perfect shuffle implementation using micro-optical array element[J].SPIE,2005,5636:374-378.
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