致密岩石纵横波波速各向异性的比较研究
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摘要
通过对板岩、千枚岩、糜棱岩和变质砂岩等4种岩石在平行和垂直层理、板理的3个正交方向上的纵、横波波速试验,提出了致密岩石纵波波速的各向异性与横波波速的各向异性普遍存在着一致性和差异性两种特征。一致性特征主要表现为致密岩石的横波各向异性随纵波各向异性的增强而增强;差异性特征主要表现为在平行和垂直层理、板理的两个方向上,纵波波速的各向异性指数大于横波,亦即纵波波速的各向异性比横波更为显著。从横观各向同性弹性介质的波速方程出发,通过具体的算例对这两种特征进行了较好的理论分析。
By measuring the velocity of the P wave and S wave on the three orthotropic different directions including parallel and vertical direction to the stratum of the compacted rock samples including slate,phyllite,mylonite and metasandstone,the two obvious anisotropy effects of P wave and S wave velocity are put forward.One is the conformity of the anisotropy of P wave and S wave velocity expressed by that the anisotropic indexes of S wave velocity would linearly increase as the P wave anisotropic indexes increase in a great degree,namely the anisotropy of S wave velocity is statistically proportional to that of P wave;the other effect is the variation between P wave and S wave velocity anisotropy,which is mainly expressed by that the anisotropic index of the P wave velocity is usually greater than S wave in the parallel and vertical directions to the stratum of the rock samples which means that the anisotropy of S wave velocity is inferior to that of P wave.Using numerical value test based on the wave velocity function of the transverse isotropic elastic medium,the two effects are validated.
By measuring the velocity of the P wave and S wave on the three orthotropic different directions including parallel and vertical direction to the stratum of the compacted rock samples including slate,phyllite,mylonite and metasandstone,the two obvious anisotropy effects of P wave and S wave velocity are put forward.One is the conformity of the anisotropy of P wave and S wave velocity expressed by that the anisotropic indexes of S wave velocity would linearly increase as the P wave anisotropic indexes increase in a great degree,namely the anisotropy of S wave velocity is statistically proportional to that of P wave;the other effect is the variation between P wave and S wave velocity anisotropy,which is mainly expressed by that the anisotropic index of the P wave velocity is usually greater than S wave in the parallel and vertical directions to the stratum of the rock samples which means that the anisotropy of S wave velocity is inferior to that of P wave.Using numerical value test based on the wave velocity function of the transverse isotropic elastic medium,the two effects are validated.
引文
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[2]Kern H,Liu B,Popp T.Relationship between anisotropy of P-and S-wave velocities and anisotropy of attenuation in serpentinite and amphibolite[J].Journal of Geophysics Research,1997,102:3 051-3 065.
[3]Kano Shing,Tsuchiya Noriyoshi.Parallelepiped cooling joint and anisotropy of P-wave velocity in the Takidani granitoid,Japan Alps[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2002,114:465-477.
[4]Louis Laurent,David Christian,Robion Philippe.Comparison of the anisotropic behaviour of undeformed sandstones under dry and saturated conditions[J].Tectonophysics,2003,370:193-212.
[5]Takemura T,Golshani A,Oda M,et al.Suzuki.Preferred orientations of open microcracks in granite and their relation with anisotropic elasticity[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40:443-454.
[6]席道瑛,陈林,张涛.砂岩的变形各向异性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1):49-58.XI Dao-ying,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Tao.Anisotropic deformation of sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(1):49-58.
[7]刘斌,席道瑛,葛宁洁,等.不同围压下岩石中泊松比的各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):880-890.LIU Bin,XI Dao-ying,GE Ning-jie,et al.Anisotropiy of Poisson’s ratio in rock smaples under confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(6):880-890.
[8]魏建新.岩石横波分裂和各向异性的实验室观测[J].石油物探,1993,32(1):60-67.WEI Jian-xin.Laboratory observation of the S wave split and anisotropy of rock[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,32(1):60-67.
[9]魏建新,赵群,孟平,等.各向异性介质中横波特征的实验研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(4):503-511.WEI Jian-xin,ZHAO Qun,MENG Ping,et al.Experimental researches on shear wave characteristics in anisotropic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1997,32(4):503-511.
[10]魏建新,王椿镛.各向异性介质中横波测试技术实验研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):427-432.WEI Jian-xin,WANG Chen-yong.Experimental researches on the testing technology of shear wave in anisotropic media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(5):427-432.
[11]楚泽涵,张颖.横波在各向异性介质中的传播[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(1):21-24.CHU Ze-han,ZHANG Ying.The propagation of shear wave in anisotropic media[J].Journal of Petroleum University,1998,22(1):21-24.
[12]严蓬蓬,陈宇,沈建国,等.用横波波速测定岩石的各向异性[J].测井技术,2003,27(5):356-359.YAN Peng-peng,CHEN Yu,SHENG Jian-guo,et al.Determining anisotropy of the rock by using speed of the shear wave[J].Wave Logging Technology,2003,27(5):356-359.
[13]GB/T 50266-99,工程岩体试验方法标准[S].
[14]徐仲达.地震波理论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.
[15]J.L.罗斯(美).固体中的超声波[M].何存富,吴斌,王秀彦译.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[16]张海澜,王秀明,张碧星.井孔的声场和波[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
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