金川矿区深部高应力矿床开采关键技术研究与发展
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摘要
金川矿区是我国唯一一座大型有色矿产资源生产基地。该矿体埋藏深、地应力高和围岩破碎所固有的不利条件,使得矿床在开采过程中面临极大困难。随着开采的延深,开采面积扩大,采场地压显现日趋剧烈,揭示和研究深埋、大面积采场的地压显现规律以及控制技术,是该类难采矿床安全、高效开采的关键。金川矿区自建矿30多年来,开展了大量的地压规律与控制技术的研究,积累了丰富的工程经验,解决了生产中的难题,使得矿山一期工程得以顺利实施。然而,随着二期工程的进展,尤其多中段开采水平矿柱日趋变薄的开采条件下,采场地压活动极为剧烈,巷道变形难以控制,并潜在着采场突变失稳的风险。本文在总结国内外难采矿床采场地压规律和控制技术研究的基础上,深入论述了金川1#矿体开采存在的问题、潜在的风险以及需要解决的关键技术难题。并明确了数值分析、现场监测与工程经验集于一体的动态反馈系统工程方法,是解决复杂采矿工程的必由之路。
Jinchuan mining site is the only site for large-scale production of the nonferrous ores in China.It is a site with adverse conditions such as deep depth,high in-situ stress and highly crushed rocks.The mining is there extremely difficult.As the mining depth increases and the mining area expands,the in-situ stresses of the stope has become more and more severe.Therefore,it is urging to disclose and examine the conditions of the in-situ insitu stresses and the corresponding techniques for the large stopes.The mining started 30 years ago.Since then,a large amount of engineering experience have been accumulated for solving the problems.As a result,the first-stage construction of the mines has been implemented without much problem.However,with the development of second-stage construction,especially when level pillars of multi section mining are becoming thinner,the activity of the ground pressure of stopes are much severe,the deformation of tunnels is too large to be controlled,and the potential risk of stop failures isevident.This paper presenta a review of the behavior of the ground pressure and its control techniques in China nd abroad.Next,the problems in the No.1 ore-body of the mining site are described.Finally,the paper presents a dynamic feedback engineering approach to address the problems for safe mining.This approach is based on the integration of numeric analysis,in-situ monitoring and engineering experience.
Jinchuan mining site is the only site for large-scale production of the nonferrous ores in China.It is a site with adverse conditions such as deep depth,high in-situ stress and highly crushed rocks.The mining is there extremely difficult.As the mining depth increases and the mining area expands,the in-situ stresses of the stope has become more and more severe.Therefore,it is urging to disclose and examine the conditions of the in-situ insitu stresses and the corresponding techniques for the large stopes.The mining started 30 years ago.Since then,a large amount of engineering experience have been accumulated for solving the problems.As a result,the first-stage construction of the mines has been implemented without much problem.However,with the development of second-stage construction,especially when level pillars of multi section mining are becoming thinner,the activity of the ground pressure of stopes are much severe,the deformation of tunnels is too large to be controlled,and the potential risk of stop failures isevident.This paper presenta a review of the behavior of the ground pressure and its control techniques in China nd abroad.Next,the problems in the No.1 ore-body of the mining site are described.Finally,the paper presents a dynamic feedback engineering approach to address the problems for safe mining.This approach is based on the integration of numeric analysis,in-situ monitoring and engineering experience.
引文
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