云南彝良5.7级地震前卫星热红外异常
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摘要
针对2012年9月7日云南彝良5.7级地震前在震中区附近出现的大面积热红外异常,利用中国静止气象卫星FY-2C/E红外遥感亮温资料,采用功率谱相对变化法进行研究。结果表明:该次地震发生前一个月震源区附近存在明显的热异常区域,并且随着时间推移不断扩大、迁移;在2012年9月1日左右异常面积达到最大,随后逐渐收缩,相对变化幅度达10倍以上。同时发现该次亮温异常沿断层呈带状分布,应与活动构造分布有关。
This study examines the thermal infrared anomaly occurring prior to the September 7,2012,MS5.7 earthquake in Yunnan Yiliang by analyzing infrared remote sensing brightness temperature data recorded by China Geostationary Meteorological satellite FY-2C/E.Infrared data of the prime time from 1:00 to 5:00 local Peking time was selected as the data source.Through data processing in which cloud data was disregarded,the power spectrum transform method was used to analyze and research the temporal evolution diagram of the earthquake thermal infrared anomalies and the timing curve of the brightness temperature average.The results show that 90 days prior to the earthquake,in approximately July 2012,a significant thermal anomaly area occurred near the epicenter,and exhibited irregular shapes.With the passage of time,the abnormal range gradually expanded along a particular direction of tectonic stress field,rapidly mutated,and gradually migrated from north to south.A large range of infrared anomaly up to hundreds of kilometers in length was recorded in the epicentral area,which is inconsistent with the temperature trend observed in the seismogenic zone.This abnormal area reached the maximum on September 1,2012,and gradually shrank after the earthquake occurred.The anomaly amplitude was rapidly reduced in the area near the seismogenic fault before disappearing.The earthquake thermal anomaly cycle was 64 days,and the thermal anomaly duration was more than 30 days.Prior to the earthquake,the magnitude of relative change was more than 10 times,for a maximum of the previous five years.From mid-July 2012 to the seismogenic day,the average increased sharply,and abnormal peaks appeared during the four days prior to the earthquake.After the earthquake occurrence,the characteristic amplitude gradually reduced,and anomalies dissipated step by step.Moreover,we determined that the brightness temperature anomaly exhibited zonal distribution along the fault,which should be related to the distribution of active tectonics.The thermal infrared anomalies observed prior to the earthquake were fairly obvious and persistent,lasting through two stages of initial and strengthening warming.The abnormal area shifted,expanded along the fault direction,and rapidly increased.The epicenter of this earthquake was not in the abnormal maximum area but approached the fault near the edge of the anomaly area.This situation is consistent with the results of most earthquake cases and may be related to the geological structure and the underground environment of the epicenter.These characteristics can provide some clues in determining future seismogenic time and tracking the location of the epicenter.Because the current understanding of the genetic mechanism of earthquake thermal infrared anomalies is not yet complete,future research should include shock cases and law summaries.However,the highlights of the thermal infrared anomaly occurring prior to this earthquake presented in this study are indeed authentic.
This study examines the thermal infrared anomaly occurring prior to the September 7,2012,MS5.7 earthquake in Yunnan Yiliang by analyzing infrared remote sensing brightness temperature data recorded by China Geostationary Meteorological satellite FY-2C/E.Infrared data of the prime time from 1:00 to 5:00 local Peking time was selected as the data source.Through data processing in which cloud data was disregarded,the power spectrum transform method was used to analyze and research the temporal evolution diagram of the earthquake thermal infrared anomalies and the timing curve of the brightness temperature average.The results show that 90 days prior to the earthquake,in approximately July 2012,a significant thermal anomaly area occurred near the epicenter,and exhibited irregular shapes.With the passage of time,the abnormal range gradually expanded along a particular direction of tectonic stress field,rapidly mutated,and gradually migrated from north to south.A large range of infrared anomaly up to hundreds of kilometers in length was recorded in the epicentral area,which is inconsistent with the temperature trend observed in the seismogenic zone.This abnormal area reached the maximum on September 1,2012,and gradually shrank after the earthquake occurred.The anomaly amplitude was rapidly reduced in the area near the seismogenic fault before disappearing.The earthquake thermal anomaly cycle was 64 days,and the thermal anomaly duration was more than 30 days.Prior to the earthquake,the magnitude of relative change was more than 10 times,for a maximum of the previous five years.From mid-July 2012 to the seismogenic day,the average increased sharply,and abnormal peaks appeared during the four days prior to the earthquake.After the earthquake occurrence,the characteristic amplitude gradually reduced,and anomalies dissipated step by step.Moreover,we determined that the brightness temperature anomaly exhibited zonal distribution along the fault,which should be related to the distribution of active tectonics.The thermal infrared anomalies observed prior to the earthquake were fairly obvious and persistent,lasting through two stages of initial and strengthening warming.The abnormal area shifted,expanded along the fault direction,and rapidly increased.The epicenter of this earthquake was not in the abnormal maximum area but approached the fault near the edge of the anomaly area.This situation is consistent with the results of most earthquake cases and may be related to the geological structure and the underground environment of the epicenter.These characteristics can provide some clues in determining future seismogenic time and tracking the location of the epicenter.Because the current understanding of the genetic mechanism of earthquake thermal infrared anomalies is not yet complete,future research should include shock cases and law summaries.However,the highlights of the thermal infrared anomaly occurring prior to this earthquake presented in this study are indeed authentic.
引文
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[13]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜,等.台湾南投7.6级地震前热红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.Xu X D,Xu X M,Wang Y,et al.Satellite Infrared Anomalybefore Nantou MS7.6Earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[14]张元生,郭晓,钟美娇,等.汶川地震卫星热红外亮温变化[J].科学通报,2010,55(3):904-910.Zhang Y S,Guo X,Zhong M J,et al.Wenchuan Earth-quake:Brightness Temperature Changes from Satellite Infra-red Information[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(3):904-910.
[15]张元生,郭晓,魏从信,等.日本9级和缅甸7.2级地震热辐射表现特征[J].地球物理报,2011,54(10):2575-2580.Zhang Y S,Guo X,Wei C X,et al.The Characteristics of Seismic Thermal Radiation of Japan M S 9.0and Myanmar M S 7.2Earthquake[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2011,54(10):2575-2580.
[16]郭晓,张元生,钟美娇等.提取地震热异常信息的功率谱相对变化率法及震例分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2688-2695.Guo X,Zhang Y S,Zhong M J,et al.Variation Characteris-tics of OLR for the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2010,53(11):2688-2695.
[17]钟美娇,张元生.2005年10月8日巴基斯坦7.8级地震热红外异常[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):137-140.Zhong M J,Zhang Y S.Satellite Infrared Anomaly before Pakistan M S 7.8Earthquake,October8,2005[J].North-western Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):137-140.
[18]魏从信,张元生,惠少兴.2009年8月11日安达曼群岛M S 7.5地震热红外变化[J].地震研究,2011,34(2):41-45.Wei C X,Zhang Y S,Hui S X.Thermal-Infrared Variation of Andaman Islands M S 7.5Earthquake on August11,2009[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2011,34(2):41-45.
[19]强祖基,马蔼乃,曾佐勋,等.卫星热红外地震短临预测方法研究[J].地学前沿,2010,17(5):254-256.Qiang Z J,Ma Ai N,Zeng Z X,et a1.A Study of the Meth-od of Satellite Thermal Infrared Earthquake Prediction in Im-minence[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(5):254-256.
[2]刘德福,彭克银,刘维贺,等.地震有“热征兆”[J].地震学报,1999,12(6):710-715.Liu D F,Peng K Y,Liu W H,et al.Thermal Omens beforeEarthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1999,12(6):710-715.
[3]Saraf A K,Rawat P,et al,Satellite Detection of EarthquakeThermal Infrared Precursors in Iran[J].Nature Hazard,2008,47:119-135.
[4]张元生,沈文荣,徐辉.新青8.1级地震前卫星热红外异常[J].西北地震学报,2002,24(1):1-4.Zhang Y S,Shen W R,Xu H.Satellite Thermal Infrared A-nomaly before the Xinjiang-Qinghai Border MS8.1 Earth-quake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2002,24(1):1-4.
[5]Qiang Z J,Xu X D,Dian C G.Impending-earthquake SatelliteThermal Infrared and Ground Temperature Increase Anomalies[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1991,36:1894-1900.
[6]张元生,郭晓,张小美,等.应用静止卫星热红外遥感亮温资料反演地表温度的方法研究[J].西北地震学报,2004,26(2):113-117.Zhang Y S,Guo X,Zhang X M,et al.Study on the InversionMethod of Land Surface Temperature by Applying IR BrightTemperature Data of Still Satellite[J].Northwestern Seismo-logical Journal,2004,26(2):113-117.
[7]邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):327-337.Deng Z H,Wang Y,Chen M H,et al.Satellite Infrared A-nomaly of Several Strong Earthquakes in China Mainland[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(2):327-337.
[8]Tronin A A,Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A.Thermal IR Sat-ellite Data Application for Earthquake Research in Japan andChina[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,33:519-534.
[9]康春丽,陈正位,陈立泽,等.昆仑山8.1级地震的热红外前兆特征分析[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):12-15.Kang C L,Chen Z W,Chen L Z,et al.Analysis on the Satel-lite Infrared Anomaly Feature before West to Kunlun Moun-tain Pass MS8.1Earthquake[J].Northwestern SeismologicalJournal,2003,25(1):12-15.
[10]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.临震大气增温异常成因的初步认识[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):123-127.Xu X D,Xu X M,Ma S D,et al.Primal Knowledge WhyAtmosphere Temperature Increases before Earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1995,17(1):123-127.
[11]强祖基,杜乐天.地球排气与森林火灾和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):235-245.Qiang Z J,Du L T.Earth Degassing,Forest Fire and Seis-mic Activities[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):235-245.
[12]张景廉,杜乐天,曹正林,等.再论汶川大地震与深部气体的关系[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):96-101.Zhang J L,Du L T,Cao Z L,et al.More Discussion on theRelationship between Wenchuan Earthquake and Deep Gas[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):96-101.
[13]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜,等.台湾南投7.6级地震前热红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.Xu X D,Xu X M,Wang Y,et al.Satellite Infrared Anomalybefore Nantou MS7.6Earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[14]张元生,郭晓,钟美娇,等.汶川地震卫星热红外亮温变化[J].科学通报,2010,55(3):904-910.Zhang Y S,Guo X,Zhong M J,et al.Wenchuan Earth-quake:Brightness Temperature Changes from Satellite Infra-red Information[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(3):904-910.
[15]张元生,郭晓,魏从信,等.日本9级和缅甸7.2级地震热辐射表现特征[J].地球物理报,2011,54(10):2575-2580.Zhang Y S,Guo X,Wei C X,et al.The Characteristics of Seismic Thermal Radiation of Japan M S 9.0and Myanmar M S 7.2Earthquake[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2011,54(10):2575-2580.
[16]郭晓,张元生,钟美娇等.提取地震热异常信息的功率谱相对变化率法及震例分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2688-2695.Guo X,Zhang Y S,Zhong M J,et al.Variation Characteris-tics of OLR for the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2010,53(11):2688-2695.
[17]钟美娇,张元生.2005年10月8日巴基斯坦7.8级地震热红外异常[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):137-140.Zhong M J,Zhang Y S.Satellite Infrared Anomaly before Pakistan M S 7.8Earthquake,October8,2005[J].North-western Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):137-140.
[18]魏从信,张元生,惠少兴.2009年8月11日安达曼群岛M S 7.5地震热红外变化[J].地震研究,2011,34(2):41-45.Wei C X,Zhang Y S,Hui S X.Thermal-Infrared Variation of Andaman Islands M S 7.5Earthquake on August11,2009[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2011,34(2):41-45.
[19]强祖基,马蔼乃,曾佐勋,等.卫星热红外地震短临预测方法研究[J].地学前沿,2010,17(5):254-256.Qiang Z J,Ma Ai N,Zeng Z X,et a1.A Study of the Meth-od of Satellite Thermal Infrared Earthquake Prediction in Im-minence[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(5):254-256.
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