禽舍内氨气产生、危害及其有效减排措施
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摘要
氨气是规模化养殖中严重的污染物,当其在禽舍内达到一定浓度时,会严重影响家禽的健康以及生长性能,直接造成经济损失。为畜禽提供健康舒适的生存环境,是提高其生产力水平、提供优质产品的保障。文章对禽舍内氨气的产生过程、影响因素、对禽类的危害以及减排途径进行了综合分析,以期对氨气的危害加强科学认识,并借鉴蛋鸡、肉鸡规模养殖中氨气污染成因和解决措施,为水禽舍内笼养养殖环境下氨气的减排途径提供重要参考。
Ammonia is a pollutant causing serious pollution in large scale farming, which can affect the health and growth performance of poultry when reaching certain concentration and give rise to great economic loss. To provide a healthy growing environment is the safeguard for improving poulty's productivity and providing superior product. The paper summarized and analyzed the generation process, influencing factors, its harm to poultry of indoor ammonia, and the emission reduction measures as well,so as to make farmers able to scientifically understand the hazard of ammonia, causes and countermeasures of ammonia pollution in large scale farms of laying hen and meat chicken. It will serve as an important reference for solving ammonia pollution in cage breeding of waterfowl.
Ammonia is a pollutant causing serious pollution in large scale farming, which can affect the health and growth performance of poultry when reaching certain concentration and give rise to great economic loss. To provide a healthy growing environment is the safeguard for improving poulty's productivity and providing superior product. The paper summarized and analyzed the generation process, influencing factors, its harm to poultry of indoor ammonia, and the emission reduction measures as well,so as to make farmers able to scientifically understand the hazard of ammonia, causes and countermeasures of ammonia pollution in large scale farms of laying hen and meat chicken. It will serve as an important reference for solving ammonia pollution in cage breeding of waterfowl.
引文
[1] KROGDAHL A,DALSGARD B.Estimation of nitrogen digestibility in poultry:Content and distribution of major urinary nitrogen compounds in excreta[J].Poult Sci,1981,60(11):2 480-2 485.
[2] HINZ T,WINTER T,LINKE S.Luftfremde stoffe in und aus verschiedenen haltungssystemen für legehennen-Teil 1:Ammoniak[J].Landbauforschung - vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research,2010,60(3):139-150.
[3] ZHAO Y,SHEPHERD T A,LI H,et al.Environmental assessment of three egg production systems-Part I:Monitoring system and indoor air quality[J].Poult Sci,2015,94(3):518-533.
[4] GROOT KOERKAMP P W,BLEIJENBERG R.Effect of type of aviary,manure and litter handling on the emission kinetics of ammonia from layer houses[J].Br Poult Sci,1998,39(3):379-392.
[5] KANG H K,PARK S B,KIM S H,et al.Effects of stock density on the laying performance,blood parameter,corticosterone,litter quality,gas emission and bone mineral density of laying hens in floor pens[J].Poult Sci,2016,95(12):2 764-2 770.
[6] 周忠凯,朱志平,董红敏,等.笼养肉鸡生长过程NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的排放[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2 098-2 106.
[7] BOKKERS E A,DE BOER I J.Economic,ecological,and social performance of conventional and organic broiler production in the Netherlands[J].Br Poult Sci,2009;50(5):546-557.
[8] CALVET S,CAMBRA-LóPEZ M,ESTELLéS F,et al.Characterization of gas emissions from a Mediterranean broiler farm[J].Poult Sci,2011,90(3):534-542.
[9] DAVID B,MEJDELL C,MICHEL V,et al.Air quality in alternative housing systems may have an impact on laying hen welfare.Part II-ammonia[J].Animals,2015,5(3):886-896.
[10] MILES D M,BRANTON S L,LOTT B D.Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers[J].Poult Sci,2004,83(10):1 650-1 654.
[11] TAO Z,XU W,ZHU C,et al.Effects of ammonia on intestinal microflora and productive performance of laying ducks[J].Poult Sci,2019,98(5):1 947-1 959.
[12] 张西雷.氨气对肉鸡的影响及地衣芽孢杆菌对氨气减量排放的技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[13] DEATON J W,REECE F N,LOTT B D.Effect of atmospheric ammonia on pullets at point of lay[J].Poult Sci,1984,63(2):384-385.
[14] OLIVEIRA J L,XIN H,CHAI L,et al.Effects of litter floor access and inclusion of experienced hens in aviary housing on floor eggs,litter condition,air quality,and hen welfare[J].Poult Sci,2019,98(4):1 664-1 677.
[15] 邢焕,栾素军,孙永波,等.舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015(21):4 347-4 357.
[16] YI B,CHEN L,SA R,et al.Transcriptome profile analysis of breast muscle tissues from high or low Levels of atmospheric ammonia exposed broilers (Gallus gallus)[J].PLoS One,2016,11(9):e0162631.
[17] QIU J,THAPALIYA S,RUNKANA A,et al.Hyperammonemia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of myostatin by an NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(45):18 162-18 167.
[18] DEATON J W,REECE F N,LOTT B D.Effect of atmospheric ammonia on laying hen performance[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(9):1 815-1 817.
[19] CHARLES D R,PAYNE C G.The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens.II.Effects on the performance of laying hens[J].Br Poult Sci,1966,7(3):189-198.
[20] DALHAMM T.Mucus flow and ciliary activity in the trachea of healthy rats and rats exposed to respiratory irritant gases[J].Acra Physiologie Scandinavia,1956,36:1.
[21] MILES D M,MILLER W W,BRANTON S L,et al.Ocular responses to ammonia in broiler chickens[J].Avian Diseases,2013,50(50):45-49.
[22] MILLER W W,MASLIN W R,THAXTON J P,et al.Interactive effects of ammonia and light intensity on ocular,fear and leg health in broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(10):762-769.
[23] ZHANG J Z,LI C,TANG X F,et al.High concentrations of atmospheric ammonia induce alterations in the hepatic proteome of broilers (Gallus gallus):An iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0123596.
[24] MOUM S G,SELTZER W,GOLDHAFT T M.A simple method of determining concentrations of ammonia in animal quarters[J].Poult Sci,1969,48:347.
[25] VALENTINE H.A study of the effect of different ventilation rates on the ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of broiler houses[J].Br Poult Sci,1964,5(2):149-159.
[26] 李东卫,卢庆萍,白水莉,等.模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):322-326.
[27] JONES J B,BURGESS L R,WEBSTER A J F,et al.Behavioural responses of pigs to atmospheric ammonia in a chronic choice test[J].Animal Science,1996,63(3):437-445.
[28] 孙瑞锋.肉鸡舍氨气挥发规律及控制方法研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[29] ROBERTS S A,XIN H,KERR B J,RUSSELL J R,et al.Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on ammonia emission from laying-hen manure[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(8):1625-32.
[30] 王莉,孙春萍,尹志明,等.乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的添加和不同养殖模式对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].山东畜牧兽医,2012,33(10):2-4.
[31] 赵晓峰,于文清,田艳洪,等.鸡粪除氨菌株的分离、筛选与菌剂配制[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(6):85-87.
[32] ZHANG C,GENG X,WANG H,et al.Emission factor for atmospheric ammonia from a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant in South China[J].Environ Pollut,2017,220(Pt B):963-970.
[33] 焦洪超,张洪芳,林海.铝盐对鸡粪中氨气释放的影响及其机理研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(4):522-527.
[34] RODRIGUEZ M J,SAGGAR S,BERBEN P,et al.Use of a urease inhibitor to mitigate ammonia emissions from urine patches[J/OL].Environ Technol,2019(6):1-12[2019-06-10].https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2019.1620345 journalCode=tent20.doi:10.1080/09593330.2019.1620345.
[2] HINZ T,WINTER T,LINKE S.Luftfremde stoffe in und aus verschiedenen haltungssystemen für legehennen-Teil 1:Ammoniak[J].Landbauforschung - vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research,2010,60(3):139-150.
[3] ZHAO Y,SHEPHERD T A,LI H,et al.Environmental assessment of three egg production systems-Part I:Monitoring system and indoor air quality[J].Poult Sci,2015,94(3):518-533.
[4] GROOT KOERKAMP P W,BLEIJENBERG R.Effect of type of aviary,manure and litter handling on the emission kinetics of ammonia from layer houses[J].Br Poult Sci,1998,39(3):379-392.
[5] KANG H K,PARK S B,KIM S H,et al.Effects of stock density on the laying performance,blood parameter,corticosterone,litter quality,gas emission and bone mineral density of laying hens in floor pens[J].Poult Sci,2016,95(12):2 764-2 770.
[6] 周忠凯,朱志平,董红敏,等.笼养肉鸡生长过程NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的排放[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2 098-2 106.
[7] BOKKERS E A,DE BOER I J.Economic,ecological,and social performance of conventional and organic broiler production in the Netherlands[J].Br Poult Sci,2009;50(5):546-557.
[8] CALVET S,CAMBRA-LóPEZ M,ESTELLéS F,et al.Characterization of gas emissions from a Mediterranean broiler farm[J].Poult Sci,2011,90(3):534-542.
[9] DAVID B,MEJDELL C,MICHEL V,et al.Air quality in alternative housing systems may have an impact on laying hen welfare.Part II-ammonia[J].Animals,2015,5(3):886-896.
[10] MILES D M,BRANTON S L,LOTT B D.Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers[J].Poult Sci,2004,83(10):1 650-1 654.
[11] TAO Z,XU W,ZHU C,et al.Effects of ammonia on intestinal microflora and productive performance of laying ducks[J].Poult Sci,2019,98(5):1 947-1 959.
[12] 张西雷.氨气对肉鸡的影响及地衣芽孢杆菌对氨气减量排放的技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[13] DEATON J W,REECE F N,LOTT B D.Effect of atmospheric ammonia on pullets at point of lay[J].Poult Sci,1984,63(2):384-385.
[14] OLIVEIRA J L,XIN H,CHAI L,et al.Effects of litter floor access and inclusion of experienced hens in aviary housing on floor eggs,litter condition,air quality,and hen welfare[J].Poult Sci,2019,98(4):1 664-1 677.
[15] 邢焕,栾素军,孙永波,等.舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015(21):4 347-4 357.
[16] YI B,CHEN L,SA R,et al.Transcriptome profile analysis of breast muscle tissues from high or low Levels of atmospheric ammonia exposed broilers (Gallus gallus)[J].PLoS One,2016,11(9):e0162631.
[17] QIU J,THAPALIYA S,RUNKANA A,et al.Hyperammonemia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of myostatin by an NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(45):18 162-18 167.
[18] DEATON J W,REECE F N,LOTT B D.Effect of atmospheric ammonia on laying hen performance[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(9):1 815-1 817.
[19] CHARLES D R,PAYNE C G.The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens.II.Effects on the performance of laying hens[J].Br Poult Sci,1966,7(3):189-198.
[20] DALHAMM T.Mucus flow and ciliary activity in the trachea of healthy rats and rats exposed to respiratory irritant gases[J].Acra Physiologie Scandinavia,1956,36:1.
[21] MILES D M,MILLER W W,BRANTON S L,et al.Ocular responses to ammonia in broiler chickens[J].Avian Diseases,2013,50(50):45-49.
[22] MILLER W W,MASLIN W R,THAXTON J P,et al.Interactive effects of ammonia and light intensity on ocular,fear and leg health in broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(10):762-769.
[23] ZHANG J Z,LI C,TANG X F,et al.High concentrations of atmospheric ammonia induce alterations in the hepatic proteome of broilers (Gallus gallus):An iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0123596.
[24] MOUM S G,SELTZER W,GOLDHAFT T M.A simple method of determining concentrations of ammonia in animal quarters[J].Poult Sci,1969,48:347.
[25] VALENTINE H.A study of the effect of different ventilation rates on the ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of broiler houses[J].Br Poult Sci,1964,5(2):149-159.
[26] 李东卫,卢庆萍,白水莉,等.模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):322-326.
[27] JONES J B,BURGESS L R,WEBSTER A J F,et al.Behavioural responses of pigs to atmospheric ammonia in a chronic choice test[J].Animal Science,1996,63(3):437-445.
[28] 孙瑞锋.肉鸡舍氨气挥发规律及控制方法研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[29] ROBERTS S A,XIN H,KERR B J,RUSSELL J R,et al.Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on ammonia emission from laying-hen manure[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(8):1625-32.
[30] 王莉,孙春萍,尹志明,等.乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的添加和不同养殖模式对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].山东畜牧兽医,2012,33(10):2-4.
[31] 赵晓峰,于文清,田艳洪,等.鸡粪除氨菌株的分离、筛选与菌剂配制[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(6):85-87.
[32] ZHANG C,GENG X,WANG H,et al.Emission factor for atmospheric ammonia from a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant in South China[J].Environ Pollut,2017,220(Pt B):963-970.
[33] 焦洪超,张洪芳,林海.铝盐对鸡粪中氨气释放的影响及其机理研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(4):522-527.
[34] RODRIGUEZ M J,SAGGAR S,BERBEN P,et al.Use of a urease inhibitor to mitigate ammonia emissions from urine patches[J/OL].Environ Technol,2019(6):1-12[2019-06-10].https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2019.1620345 journalCode=tent20.doi:10.1080/09593330.2019.1620345.
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