东平湖表层沉积物有机质分布特征及其环境意义
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摘要
依据表层沉积物样品测定结果,着重分析了东平湖表层沉积物有机质浓度的空间分布特征及其影响因素,并结合历史数据对20世纪90年代以来东平湖沉积物有机质浓度变化状况进行了研究。同时,对东平湖沉积物有机质地球化学行为的环境意义进行了探讨。研究结果表明:东平湖表层沉积物中有机质浓度为0. 74%～2. 83%,平均值为1. 56%。在空间上具有湖区东南向西北方向舌状递减趋势。大汶河来水所携带的外源有机质输入是控制东平湖有机质分布特征的主要因素,养殖业与旅游业的发展以及区域性污废水排放等因素也有一定影响。受外源污染物入湖量显著降低等因素的影响,21世纪以来东平湖有机质浓度较20世纪90年代明显下降。此外,有机质矿化过程中释放的营养盐增加了东平湖水质恶化及水体富营养化的风险,但沉积物中有机质对重金属的吸附、络合作用则有效降低了东平湖重金属污染危害。
This paper aimed to understand the distribution of orgainic matter( OM) and its influencing factors in Dongping Lake,a shallow eutrophic lake located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The environmental significance of geochemical behavior of OM was also discussed. Thirty-three surface sediment samples( 0 ～ 2 cm) from the lake and five documentary records were collected. The results showed that OM in the surface sediments represented a strong spatial variability( 0. 74% ～2. 83%). The highest OM concentration was observed in the south-eastern and north-eastern region of the lake and decreased gradually away from the mouth area of Dawen River,suggesting that the input of exogenous OM carried by the Dawen River was a critical limiting factor for the lake's OM distribution. Compared with the OM concentration survey results of Dongping Lake in the 1990 s,the OM content in the sedments of Dongping Lake decreased significantly since the commence of the 21 st century,which may be affected by factors such as the meaning decrease of point source pollution. In addition,nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus was released from the sediments along with mineralization of OM,which increased the risk of eutrophication. However,the presence of OM was helpful to the improvement of water environment. Some heavy metals can be absorbed or sequestered by OM,thereby reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution.
This paper aimed to understand the distribution of orgainic matter( OM) and its influencing factors in Dongping Lake,a shallow eutrophic lake located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The environmental significance of geochemical behavior of OM was also discussed. Thirty-three surface sediment samples( 0 ～ 2 cm) from the lake and five documentary records were collected. The results showed that OM in the surface sediments represented a strong spatial variability( 0. 74% ～2. 83%). The highest OM concentration was observed in the south-eastern and north-eastern region of the lake and decreased gradually away from the mouth area of Dawen River,suggesting that the input of exogenous OM carried by the Dawen River was a critical limiting factor for the lake's OM distribution. Compared with the OM concentration survey results of Dongping Lake in the 1990 s,the OM content in the sedments of Dongping Lake decreased significantly since the commence of the 21 st century,which may be affected by factors such as the meaning decrease of point source pollution. In addition,nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus was released from the sediments along with mineralization of OM,which increased the risk of eutrophication. However,the presence of OM was helpful to the improvement of water environment. Some heavy metals can be absorbed or sequestered by OM,thereby reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution.
引文
[1]金相灿，屠清瑛．湖泊富营养化调查规范[M]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，1990.
[2] Chen Y Y,Chen S Y,Yu S Y,et al.Distribution and speciation of phosphorus in sediments of Dongping Lake,North China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(8):3173-3182.
[3] Hupfer M,Lewandowski J.Oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments-a long-lasting paradigm in limnology[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,2008,93(4/5):415-432.
[4]高敏，张生，罗强，等．乌梁素海不同粒径沉积物吸附磷实验研究[J]．环境工程，2011,29(6):107-109.
[5] D’Angelo E M,Reddy K R. Diagenesis of organic matter in a wetland receiving hypereutrophic lake water:I. Distribution of dissolved nutrients in the soil and water column[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1994,23(5):928-936.
[6] Wallschlager D,Desai M V M,Spengler M,et al. How humic substances dominate mercury geochemistry in contaminated floodplain soils and sediments[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(5):1044-1054.
[7]东平湖志编纂委员会．东平湖志[M]．济南:山东大学出版社，1993.
[8]栗文佳，陈影影，于世永，等．近40年来东平湖水环境变迁及驱动因素[J]．环境工程，2018,36(10):48-52.
[9]张菊，陈明文，鲁长娟，等．东平湖表层沉积物重金属形态分布特征及环境风险评价[J]．生态环境学报，2017,26(5):850-856.
[10]刘双爽．东平湖表层沉积硅藻分布与水质的关系[D]．聊城:聊城大学，2014.
[11]高桂芹．东平湖湿地生态系统健康评价研究[D]．济南:山东师范大学，2006.
[12]鲁如坤，中国土壤协会．土壤农业化学分析方法[M]．北京:中国农业科技出版社，2000.
[13]鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京:中国农业出版社，2000.
[14]中国环境监测总站．中国土壤元素背景值[M]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，1990.
[15]沈吉，薛滨，吴敬禄，等．湖泊沉积与环境演化[M]．北京:科学出版社，2010.
[16]朱广伟，陈英旭．沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J]．湖泊科学，2001,13(3):272-279.
[17]王育锋，杨立帮，束景升，等．东平湖渔业资源调查(1979—1980)[R]．济南:山东省淡水水产研究所，1981.
[18]陈诗越，董杰，张重阳．东平湖生态环境现状及流域可持续发展对策研究[J]．安徽农业科学，2007,35(5):1436-1437.
[19]庞清江，李白英．东平湖水体富营养化评价[J]．水资源保护，2003,19(5):42-44.
[20]张晓晶，李畅游，张生，等．乌梁素海表层沉积物营养盐的分布特征及环境意义[J]．农业环境科学学报，2010,29(9):1770-1776.
[21]毛伟兵，庞清江，李冬梅．东平湖水污染关键因子的控制研究[J]．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2003,34(1):29-32.
[22]陈影影，范颖，张振克，等．东平湖表层沉积物粒度空间分布特征及影响因素[J]．海洋湖沼通报，2019,(1):65-70.
[23] Correll D L. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters:a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(2):261-266.
[24]温胜芳，单保庆，张洪．巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究[J]．环境科学，2012,33(7):2322-2329.
[25]王圣瑞，倪栋，焦立新，等．鄱阳湖表层沉积物有机质和营养盐分布特征[J]．环境工程技术学报，2012,2(1):23-28.
[26]武周虎，张建，金玲仁，等．南四湖表层底泥有机质及氮磷时空比较分析[J]．环境科学与技术，2012,35(6I):358-364.
[27]鄱阳湖富营养化研究[R]．北京:国家环境保护局，1993.
[28]隋桂荣．太湖表层沉积物中OM、TN、TP的现状与评价[J]．湖泊科学，1996,8(4):319-324.
[29]张仁哲，朱振明．东平湖营养物状况调查与分析[J]．山东环境，1998(2):35-36.
[30]庞清江，葛慧敏，纪玲，等．东平湖水体营养状况主要影响因子研究[J]．人民黄河，2008,30(6):50-51,54.
[31]梅如波，王琰，王晓晴，等．大汶河流域污染原因分析及防治对策[J]．环境与发展，2014,26(1):125-127.
[32]左欣，康绍忠，梁学田．大汶河泰安段水质评价与污染防治措施研究[J]．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2005,36(4):557-563.
[33]蔡金娟．东平湖底泥重金属污染评价及释放机理的研究[D]．泰安:山东农业大学，2006.
[34]宋洪宁，杜秉海，张明岩，等．环境因素对东平湖沉积物细菌群落结构的影响[J]．微生物学报，2010,50(8):1065-1071.
[35]宋立明，李艳琴．东平湖表层沉积物的理化特性及分布特征研究[J]．安徽农业科学，2011,39(12):7425-7427.
[36]张菊，何振芳，董杰，等．东平湖表层沉积物重金属的空间分布及污染评价[J]．生态环境学报，2016,25(10):1699-1706.
[37] Gachter R,Wehrli B.Ten years of artificial mixing and oxygenation:no effect on the internal phosphorus loading of two eutrophic lakes[J]. Environmental Science Technology,1998,32(23):3659-3665.
[38]易文利，王圣瑞，金相灿，等．长江中下游浅水湖沉积物中有机质及其组分的赋存特征[J]．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2008,36(5):141-148.
[39] Koning N,Roos J C.The continued influence of organic pollution on the water quality of the turbid Modder River[J]. Water South Africa,1999,25(3):285-292.
[40]郭沛涌，林育真，李玉仙．东平湖浮游植物与水质评价[J]．海洋湖沼通报，1997(4):37-42.
[41] Stone M,Droppo I G.Distribution of lead,copper and zinc in sizefractionated river bed sediment in two agricultural catchments of southern Ontario,Canada[J]. Environmental Pollution,1996,93(3):353-362.
[42]沈永．东平湖表层沉积物中汞的污染研究[D]．济南:山东大学，2008.
[2] Chen Y Y,Chen S Y,Yu S Y,et al.Distribution and speciation of phosphorus in sediments of Dongping Lake,North China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(8):3173-3182.
[3] Hupfer M,Lewandowski J.Oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments-a long-lasting paradigm in limnology[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,2008,93(4/5):415-432.
[4]高敏，张生，罗强，等．乌梁素海不同粒径沉积物吸附磷实验研究[J]．环境工程，2011,29(6):107-109.
[5] D’Angelo E M,Reddy K R. Diagenesis of organic matter in a wetland receiving hypereutrophic lake water:I. Distribution of dissolved nutrients in the soil and water column[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1994,23(5):928-936.
[6] Wallschlager D,Desai M V M,Spengler M,et al. How humic substances dominate mercury geochemistry in contaminated floodplain soils and sediments[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(5):1044-1054.
[7]东平湖志编纂委员会．东平湖志[M]．济南:山东大学出版社，1993.
[8]栗文佳，陈影影，于世永，等．近40年来东平湖水环境变迁及驱动因素[J]．环境工程，2018,36(10):48-52.
[9]张菊，陈明文，鲁长娟，等．东平湖表层沉积物重金属形态分布特征及环境风险评价[J]．生态环境学报，2017,26(5):850-856.
[10]刘双爽．东平湖表层沉积硅藻分布与水质的关系[D]．聊城:聊城大学，2014.
[11]高桂芹．东平湖湿地生态系统健康评价研究[D]．济南:山东师范大学，2006.
[12]鲁如坤，中国土壤协会．土壤农业化学分析方法[M]．北京:中国农业科技出版社，2000.
[13]鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京:中国农业出版社，2000.
[14]中国环境监测总站．中国土壤元素背景值[M]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，1990.
[15]沈吉，薛滨，吴敬禄，等．湖泊沉积与环境演化[M]．北京:科学出版社，2010.
[16]朱广伟，陈英旭．沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J]．湖泊科学，2001,13(3):272-279.
[17]王育锋，杨立帮，束景升，等．东平湖渔业资源调查(1979—1980)[R]．济南:山东省淡水水产研究所，1981.
[18]陈诗越，董杰，张重阳．东平湖生态环境现状及流域可持续发展对策研究[J]．安徽农业科学，2007,35(5):1436-1437.
[19]庞清江，李白英．东平湖水体富营养化评价[J]．水资源保护，2003,19(5):42-44.
[20]张晓晶，李畅游，张生，等．乌梁素海表层沉积物营养盐的分布特征及环境意义[J]．农业环境科学学报，2010,29(9):1770-1776.
[21]毛伟兵，庞清江，李冬梅．东平湖水污染关键因子的控制研究[J]．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2003,34(1):29-32.
[22]陈影影，范颖，张振克，等．东平湖表层沉积物粒度空间分布特征及影响因素[J]．海洋湖沼通报，2019,(1):65-70.
[23] Correll D L. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters:a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(2):261-266.
[24]温胜芳，单保庆，张洪．巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究[J]．环境科学，2012,33(7):2322-2329.
[25]王圣瑞，倪栋，焦立新，等．鄱阳湖表层沉积物有机质和营养盐分布特征[J]．环境工程技术学报，2012,2(1):23-28.
[26]武周虎，张建，金玲仁，等．南四湖表层底泥有机质及氮磷时空比较分析[J]．环境科学与技术，2012,35(6I):358-364.
[27]鄱阳湖富营养化研究[R]．北京:国家环境保护局，1993.
[28]隋桂荣．太湖表层沉积物中OM、TN、TP的现状与评价[J]．湖泊科学，1996,8(4):319-324.
[29]张仁哲，朱振明．东平湖营养物状况调查与分析[J]．山东环境，1998(2):35-36.
[30]庞清江，葛慧敏，纪玲，等．东平湖水体营养状况主要影响因子研究[J]．人民黄河，2008,30(6):50-51,54.
[31]梅如波，王琰，王晓晴，等．大汶河流域污染原因分析及防治对策[J]．环境与发展，2014,26(1):125-127.
[32]左欣，康绍忠，梁学田．大汶河泰安段水质评价与污染防治措施研究[J]．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2005,36(4):557-563.
[33]蔡金娟．东平湖底泥重金属污染评价及释放机理的研究[D]．泰安:山东农业大学，2006.
[34]宋洪宁，杜秉海，张明岩，等．环境因素对东平湖沉积物细菌群落结构的影响[J]．微生物学报，2010,50(8):1065-1071.
[35]宋立明，李艳琴．东平湖表层沉积物的理化特性及分布特征研究[J]．安徽农业科学，2011,39(12):7425-7427.
[36]张菊，何振芳，董杰，等．东平湖表层沉积物重金属的空间分布及污染评价[J]．生态环境学报，2016,25(10):1699-1706.
[37] Gachter R,Wehrli B.Ten years of artificial mixing and oxygenation:no effect on the internal phosphorus loading of two eutrophic lakes[J]. Environmental Science Technology,1998,32(23):3659-3665.
[38]易文利，王圣瑞，金相灿，等．长江中下游浅水湖沉积物中有机质及其组分的赋存特征[J]．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2008,36(5):141-148.
[39] Koning N,Roos J C.The continued influence of organic pollution on the water quality of the turbid Modder River[J]. Water South Africa,1999,25(3):285-292.
[40]郭沛涌，林育真，李玉仙．东平湖浮游植物与水质评价[J]．海洋湖沼通报，1997(4):37-42.
[41] Stone M,Droppo I G.Distribution of lead,copper and zinc in sizefractionated river bed sediment in two agricultural catchments of southern Ontario,Canada[J]. Environmental Pollution,1996,93(3):353-362.
[42]沈永．东平湖表层沉积物中汞的污染研究[D]．济南:山东大学，2008.
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