水体重金属污染评价方法研究进展
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摘要
水体重金属污染不但影响水环境质量,最终还会威胁人类健康,客观合理地评价其污染状况对于治理重金属污染和保障人类的健康具有重要意义。目前,水体重金属污染评价方法较多,但都有一定的局限性。以文献中使用较多的五类九种"水体重金属污染评价方法"为研究对象进行分析研究;在评价前应对水体中重金属元素的不同形态含量进行分析比较,选择合理的含量进行评价是前提。着重比较各种评价方法的适用范围及优缺点,以期为其他研究学者及相关管理部门选择合适的评价方法提供参考。研究结果表明,指数法是目前众多评价方法中的常用方法,该方法计算简单但在复杂情况下不能进行准确评价,模糊综合法及灰色关联法等适合复杂条件下的评价,但计算复杂容易出现信息丢失现象。为了弥补不同方法的缺点,应联合使用多种重金属污染评价方法进行综合分析评价,最终得到相对更为合理准确的评价结果。
Heavy metal pollution not only affects the quality of water environment,but also poses a potential threat to human health.Objectively and rationally evaluating the pollution status of heavy metal is of great significance for the control of heavy metal pollution and the protection of human health.At present,there are many methods for evaluating the heavy metal pollution in water, but there are some limitations.5 categories and 9 species of "water heavy metal pollution evaluation methods" which are widely used in literature are analyzed. Firstly, the contents of different speciation of heavy metal elements in water should be analyzed and compared before evaluation, and the selection of reasonable content is the premise.Secondly, it focuses on the application scope,advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods, in order to provide reference for other research scholars and relevant management departments to choose the best evaluation method. The research results show that the index method is a common method in many evaluation methods. The method is simple to calculate but cannot be accurately evaluated under complicated conditions. The fuzzy comprehensive method and grey correlation are suitable for evaluation under complex conditions, but the calculation is too complicated and the information loss phenomenon is easy. In order to make up for the shortcomings of different methods, a variety of heavy metal pollution assessment methods should be used in combination for comprehensive analysis and evaluation, and finally a relatively more reasonable and accurate evaluation result is obtained.
Heavy metal pollution not only affects the quality of water environment,but also poses a potential threat to human health.Objectively and rationally evaluating the pollution status of heavy metal is of great significance for the control of heavy metal pollution and the protection of human health.At present,there are many methods for evaluating the heavy metal pollution in water, but there are some limitations.5 categories and 9 species of "water heavy metal pollution evaluation methods" which are widely used in literature are analyzed. Firstly, the contents of different speciation of heavy metal elements in water should be analyzed and compared before evaluation, and the selection of reasonable content is the premise.Secondly, it focuses on the application scope,advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods, in order to provide reference for other research scholars and relevant management departments to choose the best evaluation method. The research results show that the index method is a common method in many evaluation methods. The method is simple to calculate but cannot be accurately evaluated under complicated conditions. The fuzzy comprehensive method and grey correlation are suitable for evaluation under complex conditions, but the calculation is too complicated and the information loss phenomenon is easy. In order to make up for the shortcomings of different methods, a variety of heavy metal pollution assessment methods should be used in combination for comprehensive analysis and evaluation, and finally a relatively more reasonable and accurate evaluation result is obtained.
引文
[1] KRISHNA A K, SATYANARAYANAN M, GOVIL P K. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: A case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials ,2009, 167(1-3):366–373.
[2] 张杰,陈熙,刘倩纯,等 .鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1): 95-100.
[3] ZHANG R, ZHOU L, ZHANG F, et al. Heavy metal pollution and assessment in the tidal flat sediments of Haizhou Bay, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013, 74(1): 403-412.
[4] 赵世民,王道玮,李晓铭,等. 滇池及其河口沉积物中重金属污染评价[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(2):276-285.
[5] 刘昔,王智,王学雷,等. 应用物种敏感性分布评价中国湖泊水体中重金属污染的生态风险[J]. 湖泊科学,2018,30(5):1206-1217.
[6] 刘书田,叶飞,肖洁,等. 水污染评价方法研究进展[J]. 环境管理,农业资源与环境学报,2008(6):76-80.
[7] 张季,刘扬扬. 中国与柬埔寨地表水水质评价方法差异分析[J]. 人民长江,2017,48(S1):65-67.
[8] 张时珍. 地下水饮用水源地重金属元素环境质量研究[J]. 九江学院学报(自然科学版),2017,32(2):5-7.
[9] 陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,等. 水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报,2015,24(6): 1069-1074.
[10] NGUYEN H L, LEERMAKERS M, OSáN J, et al. Heavy metals in Lake Balaton: water column, suspended matter, sediment and biota[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2005, 340(1-3):213-30.
[11] 吴蕾,刘桂建,周春财,等. 巢湖水体可溶态重金属时空分布及污染评价[J]. 环境科学,2018,39(2):738-747.
[12] 张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清,等. 天山山地河流水体中微量重金属的分布特征及形态分析[J]. 环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3612-3619.
[13] 张世霞. 水环境重金属污染的现状及其评价[J]. 中国科技信息,2009(13): 32-33.
[14] 吴彬,臧淑英,那晓东 .灰色关联分析与内梅罗指数法在克钦湖水体重金属评价中的应用[J]. 安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):134-137.
[15] NAN Y, LIU W, XIE H, et al.. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016,39(1):45-51.
[16] LIU Y G, YU H M, SUN Y, et al. Novel assessment method of heavy metal pollution in surface water:A case study of Yangping River in Lingbao City, China[J]. Environ. Eng. Res. 2017,22(1): 31-39.
[17] ZHANG Z, ABUDUWAILI J, JIANG F. Heavy metal contamination,sources, and pollution assessment of surface water in the Tianshan Mountains of China[J]. Environ. Monit. Assess, 2015,187(1):1-13.
[18] 丁雪卿. 改进的内梅罗污染指数法在集中式饮用水源地环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 四川环境,2010,29(2):47-51.
[19] 李亚松,张兆吉,费宇,等. 内梅罗指数评价法的修正及其应用[J]. 水资源保护,2009,25 (6): 48-50.
[20] PRASAD B, BOSE J M. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas[J]. Environmental Geology, 2001,41(1): 183–188.
[21] HORTON R K, An index systems for rating water quality[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1965,37(3):300-306.
[22] SINGARAJA C, CHIDAMBARAM S, SRINIVASAMOORTHY K, et al. A Study on Assessment of Credible Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution Vulnerability in Groundwater of Thoothukudi Districts, Tamilnadu, India[J]. Water Qual Expo Health, 2015,7(4):459-467.
[23] BHUIYAN M A H, ISLAM M A, DAMPARE S B, et al. Evaluation of hazardous metal pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems in the vicinity of a coal mine area of northwestern Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 179 (1): 1065-1077.
[24] 杨学福,关建玲,段晋明,等. 渭河西安段水体重金属污染现状及其健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报,2014,34(2):152-162.
[25] CHIDAMBARAM S, PRASAD M B K, PRASANNA M V, et al. Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Groundwater in the Industrialized Environs in and Around Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India[J]. Water Qual Expo Health, 2014,7(3):1-11.
[26] 杨学福,关建玲,王蕾,等. 渭河陕西段水体中重金属的时空动态变化特征研究[J]. 安全与环境学报,2013,33(6):115-119.
[27] SINGH R, VENKATESH A S, SYED T H, et al. Assessment of potentially toxic trace elements contamination in groundwater resources of the coal mining area of the Korba Coalfield, Central India[J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2017, 76 (16) : 566.
[28] TAMASI G, CINI R. Heavy metals in drinking waters fromMount Amiata (Tuscany, Italy). Possible risks from arsenic for public health in the Province of Siena[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2003, 327:41–51.
[29] BACKMAN B, BODIS D, LAHERMO P, et al. Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia[J]. Environ Geol, 1997, 36:55–64.
[30] 戴明新,胡焱弟,彭士涛,等. 基于模糊理论的渤海湾海水水质综合评价[J]. 安全与环境学报,2009,9(1):93-96.
[31] 章炎麟. 模糊数学在水环境评价中的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程,2005,5(15):1111-1113.
[32] 魏焕鹏. 大宝山矿区水体和沉积物中重金属的污染评价[D]. 广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[33] 潘峰,付强,梁川. 模糊综合评价在水环境质量综合评价中的应用研究[J]. 环境工程,2002,20(2):58-61.
[34] 金艳,何德文,柴立元,等.重金属污染评价研究进展[J]. 有色金属,2007,59(2):100-104.
[35] 吕晓飞. 辽河水体持久性污染物源解析[D]. 沈阳: 辽宁大学,2011.
[36] 宋昊,施泽明,倪师军,等. .四川省绵远河水系重金属物源探讨及环境质量评价[J]. 地球与环境,2011,39(4):543-550.
[37] 申剑,史淑娟,周扬,等.基于改进灰色关联分析法的丹江口流域地表水环境质量评价[J]. 中国环境监测,2014,30(5):41-46.
[38] 赵剑.灰色关联分析综合评价法在地表水环境评价中的应用[J]. 水利科技与经济,2006,12 ( 9) : 607-608.
[39] 许凤.改进的灰色关联分析法在室内空气品质评价中的应用[J].制冷与空调,2009,23(2):25-28.
[40] 徐红敏,刘静,毛红健,等.改进的灰色关联度分析在地表水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 北京石油化工学院学报,2010,18(2):55-58.
[41] 张敏艳. 物元分析法在水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 绿色科技,2018(10):87-90.
[42] 常婷婷,姜世中,罗斌,等. .物元分析法在巢湖西半湖水质评价中的应用[J].四川环境[J]. 2015,34(5):36-40.
[43] 林衍,顾恒岳,韩勇. 物元分析在水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 重庆环境科学,1996(5):14-17.
[44] 许丽娟. 三种数学方法在菜田土壤及水环境污染评价中的应用研究[D] 青岛:青岛科技大学,2011.
[45] 王永华,孙芳,陆瑾,等. 克拉玛依炼油厂达标排放废水库中重金属污染监测与评价[J]. 干旱环境监测,2010,24(3):133-137.
[2] 张杰,陈熙,刘倩纯,等 .鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1): 95-100.
[3] ZHANG R, ZHOU L, ZHANG F, et al. Heavy metal pollution and assessment in the tidal flat sediments of Haizhou Bay, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013, 74(1): 403-412.
[4] 赵世民,王道玮,李晓铭,等. 滇池及其河口沉积物中重金属污染评价[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(2):276-285.
[5] 刘昔,王智,王学雷,等. 应用物种敏感性分布评价中国湖泊水体中重金属污染的生态风险[J]. 湖泊科学,2018,30(5):1206-1217.
[6] 刘书田,叶飞,肖洁,等. 水污染评价方法研究进展[J]. 环境管理,农业资源与环境学报,2008(6):76-80.
[7] 张季,刘扬扬. 中国与柬埔寨地表水水质评价方法差异分析[J]. 人民长江,2017,48(S1):65-67.
[8] 张时珍. 地下水饮用水源地重金属元素环境质量研究[J]. 九江学院学报(自然科学版),2017,32(2):5-7.
[9] 陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,等. 水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报,2015,24(6): 1069-1074.
[10] NGUYEN H L, LEERMAKERS M, OSáN J, et al. Heavy metals in Lake Balaton: water column, suspended matter, sediment and biota[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2005, 340(1-3):213-30.
[11] 吴蕾,刘桂建,周春财,等. 巢湖水体可溶态重金属时空分布及污染评价[J]. 环境科学,2018,39(2):738-747.
[12] 张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清,等. 天山山地河流水体中微量重金属的分布特征及形态分析[J]. 环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3612-3619.
[13] 张世霞. 水环境重金属污染的现状及其评价[J]. 中国科技信息,2009(13): 32-33.
[14] 吴彬,臧淑英,那晓东 .灰色关联分析与内梅罗指数法在克钦湖水体重金属评价中的应用[J]. 安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):134-137.
[15] NAN Y, LIU W, XIE H, et al.. Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016,39(1):45-51.
[16] LIU Y G, YU H M, SUN Y, et al. Novel assessment method of heavy metal pollution in surface water:A case study of Yangping River in Lingbao City, China[J]. Environ. Eng. Res. 2017,22(1): 31-39.
[17] ZHANG Z, ABUDUWAILI J, JIANG F. Heavy metal contamination,sources, and pollution assessment of surface water in the Tianshan Mountains of China[J]. Environ. Monit. Assess, 2015,187(1):1-13.
[18] 丁雪卿. 改进的内梅罗污染指数法在集中式饮用水源地环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 四川环境,2010,29(2):47-51.
[19] 李亚松,张兆吉,费宇,等. 内梅罗指数评价法的修正及其应用[J]. 水资源保护,2009,25 (6): 48-50.
[20] PRASAD B, BOSE J M. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas[J]. Environmental Geology, 2001,41(1): 183–188.
[21] HORTON R K, An index systems for rating water quality[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1965,37(3):300-306.
[22] SINGARAJA C, CHIDAMBARAM S, SRINIVASAMOORTHY K, et al. A Study on Assessment of Credible Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution Vulnerability in Groundwater of Thoothukudi Districts, Tamilnadu, India[J]. Water Qual Expo Health, 2015,7(4):459-467.
[23] BHUIYAN M A H, ISLAM M A, DAMPARE S B, et al. Evaluation of hazardous metal pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems in the vicinity of a coal mine area of northwestern Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 179 (1): 1065-1077.
[24] 杨学福,关建玲,段晋明,等. 渭河西安段水体重金属污染现状及其健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报,2014,34(2):152-162.
[25] CHIDAMBARAM S, PRASAD M B K, PRASANNA M V, et al. Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Groundwater in the Industrialized Environs in and Around Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India[J]. Water Qual Expo Health, 2014,7(3):1-11.
[26] 杨学福,关建玲,王蕾,等. 渭河陕西段水体中重金属的时空动态变化特征研究[J]. 安全与环境学报,2013,33(6):115-119.
[27] SINGH R, VENKATESH A S, SYED T H, et al. Assessment of potentially toxic trace elements contamination in groundwater resources of the coal mining area of the Korba Coalfield, Central India[J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2017, 76 (16) : 566.
[28] TAMASI G, CINI R. Heavy metals in drinking waters fromMount Amiata (Tuscany, Italy). Possible risks from arsenic for public health in the Province of Siena[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2003, 327:41–51.
[29] BACKMAN B, BODIS D, LAHERMO P, et al. Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia[J]. Environ Geol, 1997, 36:55–64.
[30] 戴明新,胡焱弟,彭士涛,等. 基于模糊理论的渤海湾海水水质综合评价[J]. 安全与环境学报,2009,9(1):93-96.
[31] 章炎麟. 模糊数学在水环境评价中的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程,2005,5(15):1111-1113.
[32] 魏焕鹏. 大宝山矿区水体和沉积物中重金属的污染评价[D]. 广州:华南理工大学,2011.
[33] 潘峰,付强,梁川. 模糊综合评价在水环境质量综合评价中的应用研究[J]. 环境工程,2002,20(2):58-61.
[34] 金艳,何德文,柴立元,等.重金属污染评价研究进展[J]. 有色金属,2007,59(2):100-104.
[35] 吕晓飞. 辽河水体持久性污染物源解析[D]. 沈阳: 辽宁大学,2011.
[36] 宋昊,施泽明,倪师军,等. .四川省绵远河水系重金属物源探讨及环境质量评价[J]. 地球与环境,2011,39(4):543-550.
[37] 申剑,史淑娟,周扬,等.基于改进灰色关联分析法的丹江口流域地表水环境质量评价[J]. 中国环境监测,2014,30(5):41-46.
[38] 赵剑.灰色关联分析综合评价法在地表水环境评价中的应用[J]. 水利科技与经济,2006,12 ( 9) : 607-608.
[39] 许凤.改进的灰色关联分析法在室内空气品质评价中的应用[J].制冷与空调,2009,23(2):25-28.
[40] 徐红敏,刘静,毛红健,等.改进的灰色关联度分析在地表水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 北京石油化工学院学报,2010,18(2):55-58.
[41] 张敏艳. 物元分析法在水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 绿色科技,2018(10):87-90.
[42] 常婷婷,姜世中,罗斌,等. .物元分析法在巢湖西半湖水质评价中的应用[J].四川环境[J]. 2015,34(5):36-40.
[43] 林衍,顾恒岳,韩勇. 物元分析在水环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 重庆环境科学,1996(5):14-17.
[44] 许丽娟. 三种数学方法在菜田土壤及水环境污染评价中的应用研究[D] 青岛:青岛科技大学,2011.
[45] 王永华,孙芳,陆瑾,等. 克拉玛依炼油厂达标排放废水库中重金属污染监测与评价[J]. 干旱环境监测,2010,24(3):133-137.
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