微生物和藻类分解对荣成天鹅湖沉积物氮磷释放的影响
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摘要
以荣成天鹅湖的沉积物和硬毛藻为试材,模拟研究了不同微生物活性和藻类条件下上覆水体氮磷的含量变化,探讨了藻类分解和微生物活性对沉积物营养盐释放的影响。在无藻条件下,不同处理水体的总氮和总磷含量随时间的波动较大,分别变化在0.42～11.71 mg/L和0.02～0.32 mg/L之间;中后期各微生物处理氮磷含量的顺序为氯化汞>葡萄糖、对照>甲醛。藻类分解条件下,水体的总氮和总磷含量远高于无藻条件,含量变幅分别为5.43～34.76 mg/L和0.28～1.80 mg/L;初期水体氮磷含量较高,之后随时间呈下降趋势。试验前期,有藻各处理总氮表现为氯化汞>葡萄糖>对照>甲醛,总磷为氯化汞>葡萄糖、甲醛>对照;后期各处理间差异减小。相同微生物活性下,有藻处理水体的氮磷含量均明显高于无藻条件。试验结束时,无藻组各处理沉积物的微生物活性均较低;而有藻条件下相对较高,各处理顺序为对照>葡萄糖、氯化汞>>甲醛。绿潮藻类分解条件下,微生物对天鹅湖沉积物的氮磷释放有着明显影响;微生物活性越强,沉积物氮磷的释放量越大。
In Rongcheng Swan lake,the sediments and Chaetomorpha were collected to study the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water under different microbial activities and algae conditions in the laboratory,and the influence of algal decomposition and microbial activity on the release of nutrients from the sediments was discussed.Under the condition without algae,the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water at different treatments changed at the range of 0.42～11.71 mg/L and 0.02～0.32 mg/L,which fluctuated over time during the experiment.In the middle and late stages,the order of nitrogen and phosphorus contents at different microbial treatments was mercuric chloride > glucose,control > formaldehyde.Under the condition with algal decomposition,the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water were much higher than those without algae,which ranged at 5.43～34.76 mg/L and 0.28～1.80 mg/L,respectively.The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in water were high in the early stage,which decreased with time after that.In the early stage,total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents at different treatments followed the orders of mercuric chloride>glucose>control>formaldehyde and mercuric chloride>glucose,formaldehyde>control,respectively,while the difference among treatments decreased at the late period.Under the same microbial activity,the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus with algae were significantly higher than those without algae.At the end of experiment,microbial activities in sediments were relatively high under the condition with algae,which followed the order of control>glucose,mercuric chloride>>formaldehyde.Under the condition with algal decomposition,microbial activity had a significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus releases from the sediments in Swan lake.The release amount of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediments was high when microbial activity was stronger.
In Rongcheng Swan lake,the sediments and Chaetomorpha were collected to study the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water under different microbial activities and algae conditions in the laboratory,and the influence of algal decomposition and microbial activity on the release of nutrients from the sediments was discussed.Under the condition without algae,the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water at different treatments changed at the range of 0.42～11.71 mg/L and 0.02～0.32 mg/L,which fluctuated over time during the experiment.In the middle and late stages,the order of nitrogen and phosphorus contents at different microbial treatments was mercuric chloride > glucose,control > formaldehyde.Under the condition with algal decomposition,the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water were much higher than those without algae,which ranged at 5.43～34.76 mg/L and 0.28～1.80 mg/L,respectively.The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in water were high in the early stage,which decreased with time after that.In the early stage,total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents at different treatments followed the orders of mercuric chloride>glucose>control>formaldehyde and mercuric chloride>glucose,formaldehyde>control,respectively,while the difference among treatments decreased at the late period.Under the same microbial activity,the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus with algae were significantly higher than those without algae.At the end of experiment,microbial activities in sediments were relatively high under the condition with algae,which followed the order of control>glucose,mercuric chloride>>formaldehyde.Under the condition with algal decomposition,microbial activity had a significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus releases from the sediments in Swan lake.The release amount of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediments was high when microbial activity was stronger.
引文
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[19] 朱苏葛,刘凌,陈沐松,等.微生物对阳澄湖间隙水溶解活性磷释放的影响[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(1):45-48,88.
[20] SHEN Q S,LIU C,ZHOU Q L,et al.Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(12):2353-2360.
[21] 孟祥森,张文斌,高丽.绿潮硬毛藻分解对天鹅湖水体氮磷水平的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):697-704.
[2] 冯胜,李定龙,秦伯强,等.太湖水华过程中微生物群落的动态变化[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2010,23(1):7-12.
[3] 侯金枝,宋鹏鹏,高丽.刚毛藻分解对荣成天鹅湖沉积物磷释放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(4):826-831.
[4] 詹旋灿,苏玉萍,庄一廷,等.微生物对杜塘水库沉积物氮元素释放的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2013,8(1):56-60.
[5] 钱燕,陈正军,吴定心,等.微生物活动对富营养化湖泊底泥磷释放的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(4):35-40.
[6] 游雪静,苏玉萍,詹旋灿,等.微生物对杜塘水库沉积物磷释放的影响研究[J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版),2012,28(2):88-93.
[7] ZHU M Y,ZHU G W,ZHAO L L,et al.Influence of algal bloom degradation on nutrient release at the sediment-water interface in Lake Taihu,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(3):1803-1811.
[8] 王心芳,魏复盛,齐文启,等.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:243-284.
[9] 周进,林光辉,蔡中华,等.微生物在藻际环境中的物质循环作用[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2708-2716.
[10] 王永平,朱广伟,洪大林,等.沉水植物对沉积物-水界面环境特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(10):1133-1139.
[11] SARNEEL J M,GEURTS J J M,BELTMAN B,et al.The effect of nutrient enrichment of either the bank or the surface water on shoreline vegetation and decomposition[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1275-1286.
[12] 叶春,王博,李春华,等.沉水植物黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放过程[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2653-2659.
[13] 王博,李法云,范志平.微生物抑制剂对黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)分解过程及水体碳、氮、磷的影响研究[J].生态科学,2013,32(6):673-678.
[14] YIN Y,ZHANG Y L,LIU X H,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of chemical oxygen demand in Lake Taihu,China,from 2005 to 2009[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,665(1):129-141.
[15] WANG J Z,JIANG X,ZHENG B H,et al.Effect of algal bloom on phosphorus exchange at the sediment-water interface in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(1):57.
[16] 李红芳,刘锋,肖润林,等.水生植物对生态沟渠底泥磷吸附特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):157-163.
[17] GAO L,ZHANG L H,HOU J Z,et al.Decomposition of macroalgal blooms influences phosphorus release from the sediments and implications for coastal restoration in Swan Lake,Shandong,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:19-28.
[18] 刘湘庆,王宗灵,辛明,等.浒苔衰亡过程中营养盐的释放过程及规律[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(6):801-805,813.
[19] 朱苏葛,刘凌,陈沐松,等.微生物对阳澄湖间隙水溶解活性磷释放的影响[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(1):45-48,88.
[20] SHEN Q S,LIU C,ZHOU Q L,et al.Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(12):2353-2360.
[21] 孟祥森,张文斌,高丽.绿潮硬毛藻分解对天鹅湖水体氮磷水平的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):697-704.
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