火力发电行业开展排污单位自行监测关键问题探讨
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摘要
自行监测是排污许可制度的重要技术支撑。针对火力发电行业自行监测质量参差不齐的现实情况,笔者依据国家颁布的技术指南和行业检测机构实践经验,在调查研究全国有代表性的21家火力发电厂自行监测开展情况的基础上,对制度、方案、机制、管理等方面的关键问题进行了探讨,提出了加强企业自行监测制度建设、借助专业机构支撑、创新监测监督联合机制、发挥集团管控作用等方面的措施建议。
Self-monitoring is the main technical support for the sewage permit system. In view of the uneven quality of self-monitoring in the thermal power industry currently, based on the national self-monitoring technical guide issued by the state and the practical experience of the industry detection institutions, this study was carried out in 21 representative coal-fired power plants across the country. The key problems such as system, programme, mechanism and management were discussed, and then some measures and suggestions including strengthening the construction of enterprise self-monitoring system, supporting by professional organizations, innovating joint monitoring mechanism and giving full play to the role of group supervision and control were put forward.
Self-monitoring is the main technical support for the sewage permit system. In view of the uneven quality of self-monitoring in the thermal power industry currently, based on the national self-monitoring technical guide issued by the state and the practical experience of the industry detection institutions, this study was carried out in 21 representative coal-fired power plants across the country. The key problems such as system, programme, mechanism and management were discussed, and then some measures and suggestions including strengthening the construction of enterprise self-monitoring system, supporting by professional organizations, innovating joint monitoring mechanism and giving full play to the role of group supervision and control were put forward.
引文
[1] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发《控制污染物排放许可制实施方案》的通知:国办发[2016]81号[EB/OL](2016-11-21)[2018-06-30].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/21/content_5135510.htm.
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[3] 环境保护部.关于开展火电、造纸行业和京津冀试点城市高架源排污许可证管理工作的通知:环水体[2016]189号[EB/OL].(2017-01-05)[2018-06-30].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201701/t20170105_394016.htm.
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[8] 孙飞翔,刘金淼,肖俊霞,等.我国台湾排污许可监测/检测管理经验及启示——以大气固定源为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2017(6):125-130.SUN Feixiang,LIU Jinmiao,XIAO Junxia,et al.Experience of Pollution Monitoring Under Permit System in Taiwan of and Its Enlightenment:The Atmospheric Stationary Source as an Example[J].Environmental and Sustainable Development,2017(6):125-130.
[9] 环境保护部办公厅.关于印发《火电、造纸行业排污许可证执法检查工作方案》的通知:环办环监[2017]66号[EB/OL].(2017-08-14)[2018-06-30].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgt/201708/t2017 0816_419758.htm.
[10] 环境保护部.排污单位自行监测技术指南总则:HJ 819—2017[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.
[11] 环境保护部.排污单位自行监测技术指南火力发电及锅炉:HJ 820—2017[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.
[12] 姜维才,刘涛,董月红.火电厂环保设施纳入主设备管理的探讨[J].电力科技与环保,2016,32(4):20-21.JIANG Weicai,LIU Tao,DONG Yuehong.Study on Environmental Protection Facilities Incorporating into Main Equipment Management for Thermal Power Plants[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2016,32(4):20-21.
[13] 李皎,王永翔,高岩,等.电厂脱硫运行经济性考核研究[J].电力科技与环保,2014,30(5):50-53.LI Jiao,WANG Yongxiang,GAO Yan,et al.Study on Assessment of Economic Operation of Flue Gas Desulfurization System in Power Plant[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2014,30(5):50-53.
[14] 陈斌,陈传忠,赵岑,等.关于环境监测社会化的调查与思考[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(1):1-5.CHEN Bin,CHEN Chuanzhong,ZHAO Cen,et al.Investigation and Thinking on Socialization of Environmental Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(1):1-5.
[15] 李国刚,赵岑,陈传忠.环境监测市场化若干问题的思考[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(3):4-8.LI Guogang,ZHAO Cen,CHEN Chuanzhong.Considerations on Problems About the Marketization of Environmental Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2014,30(3):4-8.
[16] 罗毅.推进企业自行监测加强监测信息公开[J].环境保护,2013,41(17):13-15.LUO Yi.Promoting Self-monitoring of Enterprises and Strengthening Monitoring Information Disclosure[J].Environmental Protection,2013,41(17):13-15.
[17] 周胜男,宋国君,张冰.美国加州空气质量政府管理模式及对中国的启示[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(8):100-106.ZHOU Shengnan,SONG Guojun,ZHANG Bing.Study on the Air Quality Administration Pattern of California and Its Implementation to China[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(8):100-106.
[2] 环境保护部.排污许可管理办法(试行):环境保护部令第48号[EB/OL].(2018-01-17)[2018-06-30].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bl/201801/t2018 0117_429828.htm.
[3] 环境保护部.关于开展火电、造纸行业和京津冀试点城市高架源排污许可证管理工作的通知:环水体[2016]189号[EB/OL].(2017-01-05)[2018-06-30].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201701/t20170105_394016.htm.
[4] 叶维丽,张文静,韩旭,等.基于排污许可的固定源环境管理体系重构研究[C]//中国环境科学学会科学与技术年会论文集(第一卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2017.
[5] 宋国君,赵英煚.我国固定源实施排污许可证管理可行性研究[J].环境影响评价,2016,38(2):9-13.SONG Guojun,ZHAO Yingjiong.The Feasibility Study of Implementing Operating Permit Management on Stationary Sources[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2016,38(2):9-13.
[6] 王军霞,陈敏敏,唐桂刚,等.我国污染源监测制度改革探讨[J].环境保护,2014,42(21):24-27.WANG Junxia,CHEN Minmin,TANG Guigang,et al.Discussion on China’s Pollution Source Monitoring System Reform[J].Environmental Protection,2014,42(21):24-27.
[7] 李莉娜,唐桂刚,万婷婷,等.我国企业排污状况自行监测的现状、问题及对策[J].环境工程,2014(5):86-89.LI Lina,TANG Guigang,WAN Tingting,et al.The Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Enterprises Pollution Self-monitoring in China[J].Environmental Engineeing,2014(5):86-89.
[8] 孙飞翔,刘金淼,肖俊霞,等.我国台湾排污许可监测/检测管理经验及启示——以大气固定源为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2017(6):125-130.SUN Feixiang,LIU Jinmiao,XIAO Junxia,et al.Experience of Pollution Monitoring Under Permit System in Taiwan of and Its Enlightenment:The Atmospheric Stationary Source as an Example[J].Environmental and Sustainable Development,2017(6):125-130.
[9] 环境保护部办公厅.关于印发《火电、造纸行业排污许可证执法检查工作方案》的通知:环办环监[2017]66号[EB/OL].(2017-08-14)[2018-06-30].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgt/201708/t2017 0816_419758.htm.
[10] 环境保护部.排污单位自行监测技术指南总则:HJ 819—2017[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.
[11] 环境保护部.排污单位自行监测技术指南火力发电及锅炉:HJ 820—2017[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2017.
[12] 姜维才,刘涛,董月红.火电厂环保设施纳入主设备管理的探讨[J].电力科技与环保,2016,32(4):20-21.JIANG Weicai,LIU Tao,DONG Yuehong.Study on Environmental Protection Facilities Incorporating into Main Equipment Management for Thermal Power Plants[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2016,32(4):20-21.
[13] 李皎,王永翔,高岩,等.电厂脱硫运行经济性考核研究[J].电力科技与环保,2014,30(5):50-53.LI Jiao,WANG Yongxiang,GAO Yan,et al.Study on Assessment of Economic Operation of Flue Gas Desulfurization System in Power Plant[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2014,30(5):50-53.
[14] 陈斌,陈传忠,赵岑,等.关于环境监测社会化的调查与思考[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(1):1-5.CHEN Bin,CHEN Chuanzhong,ZHAO Cen,et al.Investigation and Thinking on Socialization of Environmental Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(1):1-5.
[15] 李国刚,赵岑,陈传忠.环境监测市场化若干问题的思考[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(3):4-8.LI Guogang,ZHAO Cen,CHEN Chuanzhong.Considerations on Problems About the Marketization of Environmental Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2014,30(3):4-8.
[16] 罗毅.推进企业自行监测加强监测信息公开[J].环境保护,2013,41(17):13-15.LUO Yi.Promoting Self-monitoring of Enterprises and Strengthening Monitoring Information Disclosure[J].Environmental Protection,2013,41(17):13-15.
[17] 周胜男,宋国君,张冰.美国加州空气质量政府管理模式及对中国的启示[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(8):100-106.ZHOU Shengnan,SONG Guojun,ZHANG Bing.Study on the Air Quality Administration Pattern of California and Its Implementation to China[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(8):100-106.
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