大都市半城镇化地区村庄发展的差异及趋势——以佛山市高明区为例
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摘要
快速的城镇化进程促进了广佛大都市区的空间拓展,但也使得其外围村庄的发展呈现出多样化的特征。位于广佛都市区外围的高明区,下辖3镇48个行政村,村庄发展类型多样,具有典型性。课题组通过村干部座谈和村民访谈并结合村民问卷的形式,对高明区的村庄经济、社会、人口、公共服务和基础设施建设等方面做了较为深入的调查研究。将村庄划分为平原地区的近郊村、远郊村、城边村和山区的近郊村、远郊村五大类,分析其发展差异的同时,从空间区位、地形特征、工业发展及资源条件的角度解释了佛山市村庄发展差异的形成原因。研究认为,佛山市的村庄发展总体滞后,缺乏特色,各种影响因素作用于土地生产方式,继而引发各村庄的发展差异,但依托于征地和土地出租所获得的经济收入,其可持续性较差;继而分析了村民的未来城镇化意愿,指出镇区建设的滞后影响广佛都市区外围村庄的整体发展。最后,在分析高明区不同类型村庄发展趋势的基础上,提出了若干策略建议。
Rapid urbanization accelerated the process of spatial extension in Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis,and also render the rural development of periphery areas showing a variety of features. There are 3 towns and 48 administrative villages under the jurisdiction of Gaoming District of Foshan City in the metropolis. They display diversities in rural development types and are very typical. We did a field investigation on its social, economic,demographic, public services and infrastructure by questionnaires and interviewing with villagers and village leaders or powerful persons. Five categories are divided for the villages: suburban villages in the plain area, far-suburban villages in the pain area, town-side villages, suburban villages in the mountains and far-suburban villages. The differences of villages development are analyzed and a framework to explain it is established. Then we explain the factors affecting the rural development in four angles: the spatial location, terrain features, industrial development and resource conditions. Studies suggest that the rural development of peri-Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis was lagging and lack of features. The mode of land use which was effected by various factors triggered the development gap between villages, but it's unsustainable for the economic growth due to its reliance on the compensation of land acquisition and land rental. Then the villager's urbanization will is studied. We point out that the lag of small town's infrastructure and public service blocked the overall development of villages in peri-Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis.Finally, we advance the trends of the villages development and policy orientations for different villages are brought forward.
Rapid urbanization accelerated the process of spatial extension in Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis,and also render the rural development of periphery areas showing a variety of features. There are 3 towns and 48 administrative villages under the jurisdiction of Gaoming District of Foshan City in the metropolis. They display diversities in rural development types and are very typical. We did a field investigation on its social, economic,demographic, public services and infrastructure by questionnaires and interviewing with villagers and village leaders or powerful persons. Five categories are divided for the villages: suburban villages in the plain area, far-suburban villages in the pain area, town-side villages, suburban villages in the mountains and far-suburban villages. The differences of villages development are analyzed and a framework to explain it is established. Then we explain the factors affecting the rural development in four angles: the spatial location, terrain features, industrial development and resource conditions. Studies suggest that the rural development of peri-Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis was lagging and lack of features. The mode of land use which was effected by various factors triggered the development gap between villages, but it's unsustainable for the economic growth due to its reliance on the compensation of land acquisition and land rental. Then the villager's urbanization will is studied. We point out that the lag of small town's infrastructure and public service blocked the overall development of villages in peri-Guangzhou-Foshan metropolis.Finally, we advance the trends of the villages development and policy orientations for different villages are brought forward.
引文
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[14]杨廉,袁奇峰.基于村庄集体土地开发的农村城市化模式研究--佛山市南海区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2012(6):34-41.
[15]朱介鸣.城乡统筹发展:城市整体规划与乡村自治发展[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):10-17.
[16]陈世栋,邱加盛,袁奇峰.大都市边缘区城乡统筹发展路径研究--以佛山市高明区为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.多元与包容--2012中国城市规划年会论文集(01.城市化与区域规划研究).北京:中国城市规划学会,2012.
[17]董立彬.我国新农村建设的思考--基于韩国新村运动的经验[J].农业经济,2008(8):11-13.
[18]耿虹,罗毅.以小城镇建设为基点促进新农村建设发展--以武汉市汉南区新农村建设规划为例[J].城市规划,2006(12):33-39.
(1)资料来源于村干部访谈。
(2)本文所使用的照片、图表均为作者本人拍摄、绘制。
[2]杨忍,刘彦随,刘玉.新时期中国农村发展动态与区域差异格局[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(10):1247-1254.
[3]纪韶,饶旻.城市群农村劳动力净迁移率与区域经济发展互为影响因素研究--对全国第六次人口普查长表数据的分析[J].经济学动态,2013(6):39-46.
[4]刘学功,万年庆.区域二、三产业增长与农村劳动力转移之比较研究--中原城市群发展对农村劳动力转移就业的影响分析[J].农业经济,2009(11):53-55.
[5]刘洪波.长株潭城市群郊区农业发展方向探讨[J].广东农业科学,2009(6):252-255.
[6]朴振焕.韩国新村运动:20世纪70年代韩国农村现代化之路[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[7]张立.住建部课题:我国农村人口流动与安居型研究报告[R],2015.
[8]Gajendra S.Niroula,Gopal B.Thapa.Impacts and causes of land fragmentation,and lessons learned from land consolidation in South Asia[J].Land Use Policy,2005,22(4):358-372.
[9]韩松.新农村建设中土地流转的现实问题及其对策[J].中国法学,2012(1):19-32.
[10]李汉飞,冯萍.经济发达地区村镇规划管理思考--以《佛山市村镇规划管理技术规定》为例[J].规划师,2012,28(4):84-87,93.
[11]肖红娟.珠江三角洲地区乡村转型及规划策略研究[J].现代城市研究,2013(6):41-45,50.
[12]许世光,魏立华.社会转型背景中珠三角村庄规划再思考[J].城市规划学刊,2012(4):65-72.
[13]杨国永,郑碧强.福建新农村建设差异化战略思考[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,12(5):28-30.
[14]杨廉,袁奇峰.基于村庄集体土地开发的农村城市化模式研究--佛山市南海区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2012(6):34-41.
[15]朱介鸣.城乡统筹发展:城市整体规划与乡村自治发展[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):10-17.
[16]陈世栋,邱加盛,袁奇峰.大都市边缘区城乡统筹发展路径研究--以佛山市高明区为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.多元与包容--2012中国城市规划年会论文集(01.城市化与区域规划研究).北京:中国城市规划学会,2012.
[17]董立彬.我国新农村建设的思考--基于韩国新村运动的经验[J].农业经济,2008(8):11-13.
[18]耿虹,罗毅.以小城镇建设为基点促进新农村建设发展--以武汉市汉南区新农村建设规划为例[J].城市规划,2006(12):33-39.
(1)资料来源于村干部访谈。
(2)本文所使用的照片、图表均为作者本人拍摄、绘制。
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