电动-氧化修复条件对土壤中多环芳烃和重金属去除的影响探索
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摘要
电动-氧化修复可同时去除污染土壤中的重金属和有机物,但需要控制合适的条件,因此研究了电动-氧化修复的条件对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)和重金属去除的影响。结果表明,阴极安装阳离子交换膜可避免氧化剂与阴极直接接触,提高氧化剂在土壤中的输送效率,PAHs总平均去除率达82.8%,同时可维持土壤pH在中性范围,土壤电导率(EC)变化较小,但对重金属的去除率也较小;控制阴极液pH为酸性,PAHs总平均去除率可达96.2%,对重金属也有一定的去除作用,然而会改变土壤pH和EC。相对来说,阴极安装阳离子交换膜是一种比较可行的电动-氧化修复处理条件,PAHs去除率高,对土壤性质的影响小,但对重金属去除率不高。维持土壤基本性质的基础上,如何同时高效去除PAHs和重金属的条件还需进一步研究。
Electrokinetic oxidation remediation can simultaneously remove heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil.But it is vital to control proper concitons.The influence of conditions on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and heavy metals in soil was studied.Results showed that the cation exchange membrane(CEM)at the cathode avoided the direct contact between the oxidant and the cathode,improved the transport efficiency of oxidant in soil and resulted in the removal rate of PAHs of 82.8%.Meanwhile,the soil pH kept at neutral range,and the EC changed little,but the removal rate of heavy metals was not obvious.Controlling catholyte pH acid achieved the removal rate of PAHs of 96.2%together with a certain removal rate of heavy metals,but the soil pH and EC changed drastically.Relatively,the former was a more practical condition since the PAHs removal rate was high and the change of soil basic properties was little,but the removal rate of heavy metal was low.How to simultaneously remval PAHs and heavy metals by electrokinetic oxidation remediation with little change of soil basic properties need to further explore.
Electrokinetic oxidation remediation can simultaneously remove heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil.But it is vital to control proper concitons.The influence of conditions on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and heavy metals in soil was studied.Results showed that the cation exchange membrane(CEM)at the cathode avoided the direct contact between the oxidant and the cathode,improved the transport efficiency of oxidant in soil and resulted in the removal rate of PAHs of 82.8%.Meanwhile,the soil pH kept at neutral range,and the EC changed little,but the removal rate of heavy metals was not obvious.Controlling catholyte pH acid achieved the removal rate of PAHs of 96.2%together with a certain removal rate of heavy metals,but the soil pH and EC changed drastically.Relatively,the former was a more practical condition since the PAHs removal rate was high and the change of soil basic properties was little,but the removal rate of heavy metal was low.How to simultaneously remval PAHs and heavy metals by electrokinetic oxidation remediation with little change of soil basic properties need to further explore.
引文
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[22]ACAR Y,GALE R J,ALSHAWABKEH A N,et al.Electrokinetic remediation:basics and technology status[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,40(2):117-137.
[23] YANG G C C,LIN S L.Removal of lead from a silt loam soil by electrokinetic remediation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1998,58(1/2/3):285-299.
[24]樊广萍,朱海燕,郝秀珍,等.不同的增强试剂对重金属污染场地土壤的电动修复影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5).
[25]樊广萍.多氯联苯污染土壤的电动-氧化/还原联用修复研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014.
[26]张海欧,郭书海,李凤梅,等.焦化场地PAHs污染土壤的电动-化学氧化联合修复[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1904-1911.
[27] BROWN G S,BARTON L L,THOMSON B M,et al.Permanganate oxidation of sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Waste Management,2003,23(8):737-740.
[28] JONSSON S,PERSSON Y,FRANKKI S,et al.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in contaminated soils by Fenton’s reagent:a multivariate evaluation of the importance of soil characteristics and PAH properties[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,149(1):86-96.
[2]李永涛,罗进,岳东.热活化过硫酸盐氧化修复柴油污染土壤[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(10):1142-1146.
[3] WAISNER S,MEDINA V,MORROW A,et al.Evaluation of chemical treatments for a mixed contaminant soil[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,134(9):743-749.
[4]周东美,邓昌芬.重金属污染土壤的电动修复技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(4):505-508.
[5] FAN G P,CANG L,FANG G D,et al.Electrokinetic delivery of persulfate to remediate PCBs polluted soils:effect of injection spot[J].Chemosphere,2014,117(1).
[6] LI J,FU Q,LIAO Q,et al.Persulfate:a self-activated cathodic electron acceptor for microbial fuel cells[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,194(1):269-274.
[7] YANG G C C,YEH C F.Enhanced nano-Fe3O4/S2O2-8oxidation of trichloroethylene in a clayey soil by electrokinetics[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2011,79(2):264-271.
[8] GIDARAKOS E,GIANNIS A.Chelate agents enhanced electrokinetic remediation for removal cadmium and zinc by conditioning catholyte pH[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2006,172(1/2/3/4):295-312.
[9] ZHOU D M,DENG C F,CANG L.Electrokinetic remediation of a Cu contaminated red soil by conditioning catholyte pH with different enhancing chemical reagents[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(3).
[10] ZHOU D M,DENG C F,CANG L.Electrokinetic remediation of a Cu-Zn contaminated red soil by controlling the voltage and conditioning catholyte pH[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(4).
[11] KAMRAN K,SOESTBERGEN M V,PEL L.Electrokinetic salt removal from porous building materials using ion exchange membranes[J].Transport in Porous Media,2013,96(2):221-235.
[12] KIM W S,KIM S O,KIM K W.Enhanced electrokinetic extraction of heavy metals from soils assisted by ion exchange membranes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,118(1/2/3).
[13] LI Z,JIWEI Y A,NERETNIEKS I.Electroremediation:removal of heavy metals from soils by using cation selective membrane[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(3).
[14] OTTOSEN L M,HANSEN H K,HANSEN C B.Water splitting at ion-exchange membranes and potential differences in soil during electrodialytic soil remediation[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,2000,30(11):1199-1207.
[15] LIANG C,HUANG C F,MOHANTY N,et al.A rapid spectrophotometric determination of persulfate anion in ISCO[J].Chemosphere,2008,73(9):1540-1543.
[16] CANG L,FAN G P,ZHOU D M,et al.Enhanced-electrokinetic remediation of copper-pyrene co-contaminated soil with different oxidants and pH control[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(8).
[17] BIACHE C,LORGEOUX C,SAADA A,et al.Fast method to quantify PAHs in contaminated soils by direct thermodesorption using analytical pyrolysis[J].Talanta,2017,166:241-248.
[18] ZHAO D,LIAO X,YAN X,et al.Effect and mechanism of persulfate activated by different methods for PAHs removal in soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254/255:228-235.
[19] ACAR Y B,ALSHAWABKEH A N.Principles of electrokinetic remediation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(13):2638-2647.
[20] SAICHEK R E,REDDY K R.Effect of pH control at the anode for the electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from kaolin soil[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(4).
[21] ZHOU D M,DENG C F,ALSHAWABKEH A N.Effects of catholyte conditioning on electrokinetic extraction of copper from mine tailings[J].Environment International,2005,31(6):885-890.
[22]ACAR Y,GALE R J,ALSHAWABKEH A N,et al.Electrokinetic remediation:basics and technology status[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,40(2):117-137.
[23] YANG G C C,LIN S L.Removal of lead from a silt loam soil by electrokinetic remediation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1998,58(1/2/3):285-299.
[24]樊广萍,朱海燕,郝秀珍,等.不同的增强试剂对重金属污染场地土壤的电动修复影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5).
[25]樊广萍.多氯联苯污染土壤的电动-氧化/还原联用修复研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014.
[26]张海欧,郭书海,李凤梅,等.焦化场地PAHs污染土壤的电动-化学氧化联合修复[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1904-1911.
[27] BROWN G S,BARTON L L,THOMSON B M,et al.Permanganate oxidation of sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Waste Management,2003,23(8):737-740.
[28] JONSSON S,PERSSON Y,FRANKKI S,et al.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in contaminated soils by Fenton’s reagent:a multivariate evaluation of the importance of soil characteristics and PAH properties[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,149(1):86-96.
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