实施黄河口大保护 推动黄河流域生态文明建设
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摘要
黄河三角洲是我国大江大河中生态现状最好、代表性最为突出、保护意义最重大的河口三角洲。实施黄河口大保护,不仅能有效改善河口三角洲生态环境质量,保护河口生物多样性,而且对于整个黄河流域乃至全国生态文明建设具有重要带动作用和战略影响。近年来,随着入海水沙持续减少,黄河三角洲正面临着整体性生态退化问题和风险。由于黄河三角洲生态区位以及所面临问题的全局性和复杂性,因此需参照世界河口和长江流域大保护做法,在更高层次开展总体规划并综合施策。建议采取以下几点措施:以恢复黄河多流入海为抓手,奠定三角洲整体生态格局;以水系连通为抓手,优化区域水土资源格局;以生态恢复为抓手,维持黄河口湿地空间格局;以生物多样性保护为抓手,维护区域生物群落格局;以科研监管和生态补偿为抓手,建立保护修复长效机制,在国家层面尽快启动并实施黄河三角洲大保护计划,全面打造我国向世界展示河口文化的标志区。
The Yellow River estuary is the most representative and significant estuary area in China's major rivers. Implementing the protection of the Yellow River estuary can not only effectively improve the ecological environment quality of the estuary delta and protect the biological diversity of the estuary, but also have an important driving role and strategic impact on the whole Yellow River basin and even the national ecological civilization construction. In recent years, with the continuous decrease of sediment inflow into the sea, the Yellow River delta is facing the problem and risk of overall ecological degradation. Because of the ecological location of the Yellow River delta and the overall situation and complexity of the problems it faces, it is necessary to carry out overall planning and comprehensive measures at a higher level in accordance with the practice of protecting the world estuaries and Yangtze River basins. It is suggested that the following measures should be taken: restoring the Yellow River into the sea to lay down the overall ecological pattern of the delta; optimizing the pattern of regional water and soil resources by connecting the river systems; maintaining the spatial pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River estuary by restoring the ecosystem; maintaining the pattern of regional biological communities by protecting biodiversity and; establishing the pattern of scientific research supervision and ecological compensation. The long-term mechanism of protection and restoration should be launched and implemented as soon as possible at the national level, so as to comprehensively build a landmark area for China to show estuary culture to the world.
The Yellow River estuary is the most representative and significant estuary area in China's major rivers. Implementing the protection of the Yellow River estuary can not only effectively improve the ecological environment quality of the estuary delta and protect the biological diversity of the estuary, but also have an important driving role and strategic impact on the whole Yellow River basin and even the national ecological civilization construction. In recent years, with the continuous decrease of sediment inflow into the sea, the Yellow River delta is facing the problem and risk of overall ecological degradation. Because of the ecological location of the Yellow River delta and the overall situation and complexity of the problems it faces, it is necessary to carry out overall planning and comprehensive measures at a higher level in accordance with the practice of protecting the world estuaries and Yangtze River basins. It is suggested that the following measures should be taken: restoring the Yellow River into the sea to lay down the overall ecological pattern of the delta; optimizing the pattern of regional water and soil resources by connecting the river systems; maintaining the spatial pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River estuary by restoring the ecosystem; maintaining the pattern of regional biological communities by protecting biodiversity and; establishing the pattern of scientific research supervision and ecological compensation. The long-term mechanism of protection and restoration should be launched and implemented as soon as possible at the national level, so as to comprehensively build a landmark area for China to show estuary culture to the world.
引文
[1] 王乐飞.黄河流域水生态文明建设的探索与实践[J].环境与发展,2017,29(7):195-196.
[2] 司毅铭.黄河流域水生态文明建设的探索与实践[J].中国水利,2013(15):60-62.
[3] 李怀,阎百兴,李海彦,等.黄河口典型咸、淡水交互区湿地土壤氮和磷分布特征[J].湿地科学,2018,16(5):679-683.
[4] 张世丰,袁晓伟.“三江源”地区生态修复与环境保护初探[J].中国水利,2005(19):65-66.
[5] 崔保山,刘兴土.黄河三角洲湿地生态特征变化及可持续性管理对策[J].地理科学,2001,21(3):250-256.
[6] 连海燕,吴立新,曹爱兰,等.山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].山东林业科技,2018,48(4):44-46,62.
[7] 杨作升,李国刚,王厚杰,等.55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程变化及其对干流建库的响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):9-18.
[8] 孙珊,苏博,李凡,等.调水调沙对黄河口及邻近海域环境状况的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2019,38(3):399-406.
[9] 任广波,刘艳芬,马毅,等.现代黄河三角洲互花米草遥感监测与变迁分析[J].激光生物学报,2014,23(6):596-603,608.
[10] 杨光,张锡义,宋志文.黄河三角洲地区大米草入侵与防治对策[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2005,26(2):57-59.
[2] 司毅铭.黄河流域水生态文明建设的探索与实践[J].中国水利,2013(15):60-62.
[3] 李怀,阎百兴,李海彦,等.黄河口典型咸、淡水交互区湿地土壤氮和磷分布特征[J].湿地科学,2018,16(5):679-683.
[4] 张世丰,袁晓伟.“三江源”地区生态修复与环境保护初探[J].中国水利,2005(19):65-66.
[5] 崔保山,刘兴土.黄河三角洲湿地生态特征变化及可持续性管理对策[J].地理科学,2001,21(3):250-256.
[6] 连海燕,吴立新,曹爱兰,等.山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].山东林业科技,2018,48(4):44-46,62.
[7] 杨作升,李国刚,王厚杰,等.55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程变化及其对干流建库的响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):9-18.
[8] 孙珊,苏博,李凡,等.调水调沙对黄河口及邻近海域环境状况的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2019,38(3):399-406.
[9] 任广波,刘艳芬,马毅,等.现代黄河三角洲互花米草遥感监测与变迁分析[J].激光生物学报,2014,23(6):596-603,608.
[10] 杨光,张锡义,宋志文.黄河三角洲地区大米草入侵与防治对策[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2005,26(2):57-59.
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