Na~+和K~+共存对A~2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果及污泥性质的影响
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摘要
为了揭示多种金属离子共存的含盐废水生物处理系统污染物的去除机制和污泥特性,考察Na~+、K~+共存对A~2/O工艺污染物去除率、污泥性质和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区的微生物群落结构,结合脱氮除磷效果和污泥性质的变化,探讨不同Na~+/K~+摩尔比下A~2/O工艺优势种群的演替规律,以期从微生物角度明确Na~+、K~+共存对含盐废水污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:当进水Na~+/K~+摩尔比分别为2、1和0.5时,A~2/O工艺的COD去除率分别为80%、84%和86%,TN去除率分别为73%、77%和80%,K~+浓度的提高缓解了Na~+对COD和TN去除率的抑制作用;厌氧区释磷率分别为70%、73%和74%,缺氧区吸磷率分别为53%、55%和58%,好氧区吸磷率分别为70%、72%和75%。随着进水Na~+/K~+摩尔比的降低,厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区微生物群落的丰富度和多样性降低,微生物群落差异显著,变形菌门的相对丰度均升高约30%,拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度逐渐降低。陶氏菌属和固氮弧菌属作为优势菌属,其相对丰度逐渐增大,有利于氮磷污染物的去除。通过增加K~+的浓度有利于提高氮、磷去除率,增强污泥的生物絮凝性和反硝化聚磷菌的活性。
A large amount of salty wastewater is produced from industrial processes such as food processing,tanning,textiles,aquaculture and oil production.After the salty wastewater entered the activated sludge system and contacted with the activated sludge,the sedimentation,microbial activity and community structure of activated sludge were influenced,which could result in the change of pollutant removal efficiency.A~2/O process could achieve simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal,but it was unclear how Na~+ and K~+ influenced the microbial communities and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones.In order to reveal the removal mechanism of the pollutants and the characteristics of activated sludge in the biological treatment system under the coexisting multiple metal ions,the effect of the coexisting Na~+and K~+ on the removal efficiency of pollutants was investigated and the properties of sludge and microbial community in the anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.Combined with the changes of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and sludge properties,the succession regulation of dominant populations were explored based on the analysis of microbial community structure under different Na~+/K~+ molar ratios to distinguish the effect of the coexistence of Na~+ and K~+ on the removal efficiency of the pollutants in the salty wastewater from the point of microorganisms.The results showed that when the influent Na~+/K~+ molar ratio was 2,1 and 0.5,the removal efficiencies of COD were 80%,84% and 86%,respectively.The removal efficiencies of TN were 73%,77% and 80%,respectively.The increase of K~+concentration alleviated the inhibition of Na~+ on the removal efficiency of COD and TN.The release rates of TP in anaerobic areas were 70%,73% and 74%,respectively.The phosphorus uptake rates in the anoxic zone were 53%,55% and 58%,respectively.The phosphorus uptake rates in the oxic zone were 70%,72% and 75%,respectively.The Zeta potential in anaerobic zone is -25.4,-23.2 and-14.7 mV,respectively.The Zeta potential in the anoxic zone is-33.0,-26.6 and-13.7 mV and the Zeta potential in oxic zone is-30.4,-18.6 and-11.0 mV,respectively.The positive charge adsorbed by sludge floc increased.Moreover,the biological flocculation of sludge increased gradually and the deflocculation ability of Na~+ was inhibited.The richness and diversity of microbial communities in anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones decreased and the differences of microbial communities were significant.The relative abundance of Proteus increased by about 30% and the relative abundance of Bacteroides phylum and Chloroflexi decreased gradually.As the dominant genera,the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing Thauera and Azoarcus gradually increased and the proportion of unknown bacteria decreased,which were beneficial to the removal of pollutants.Therefore,the increase of K~+ concentration contributed to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus under the coexistence of Na~+ and K~+.It was also beneficial to the improvement of dehydrogenase activity of sludge in anoxic zone and oxic zone and the enhancement of particle size and flocculation ability(FA) of sludge.
A large amount of salty wastewater is produced from industrial processes such as food processing,tanning,textiles,aquaculture and oil production.After the salty wastewater entered the activated sludge system and contacted with the activated sludge,the sedimentation,microbial activity and community structure of activated sludge were influenced,which could result in the change of pollutant removal efficiency.A~2/O process could achieve simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal,but it was unclear how Na~+ and K~+ influenced the microbial communities and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones.In order to reveal the removal mechanism of the pollutants and the characteristics of activated sludge in the biological treatment system under the coexisting multiple metal ions,the effect of the coexisting Na~+and K~+ on the removal efficiency of pollutants was investigated and the properties of sludge and microbial community in the anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.Combined with the changes of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and sludge properties,the succession regulation of dominant populations were explored based on the analysis of microbial community structure under different Na~+/K~+ molar ratios to distinguish the effect of the coexistence of Na~+ and K~+ on the removal efficiency of the pollutants in the salty wastewater from the point of microorganisms.The results showed that when the influent Na~+/K~+ molar ratio was 2,1 and 0.5,the removal efficiencies of COD were 80%,84% and 86%,respectively.The removal efficiencies of TN were 73%,77% and 80%,respectively.The increase of K~+concentration alleviated the inhibition of Na~+ on the removal efficiency of COD and TN.The release rates of TP in anaerobic areas were 70%,73% and 74%,respectively.The phosphorus uptake rates in the anoxic zone were 53%,55% and 58%,respectively.The phosphorus uptake rates in the oxic zone were 70%,72% and 75%,respectively.The Zeta potential in anaerobic zone is -25.4,-23.2 and-14.7 mV,respectively.The Zeta potential in the anoxic zone is-33.0,-26.6 and-13.7 mV and the Zeta potential in oxic zone is-30.4,-18.6 and-11.0 mV,respectively.The positive charge adsorbed by sludge floc increased.Moreover,the biological flocculation of sludge increased gradually and the deflocculation ability of Na~+ was inhibited.The richness and diversity of microbial communities in anaerobic,anoxic and oxic zones decreased and the differences of microbial communities were significant.The relative abundance of Proteus increased by about 30% and the relative abundance of Bacteroides phylum and Chloroflexi decreased gradually.As the dominant genera,the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing Thauera and Azoarcus gradually increased and the proportion of unknown bacteria decreased,which were beneficial to the removal of pollutants.Therefore,the increase of K~+ concentration contributed to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus under the coexistence of Na~+ and K~+.It was also beneficial to the improvement of dehydrogenase activity of sludge in anoxic zone and oxic zone and the enhancement of particle size and flocculation ability(FA) of sludge.
引文
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[24]张兰河,田蕊,郭静波,等.NaCl盐度对A2/O工艺缺氧区胞外聚合物及生物絮凝性的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4281-4288.Zhang Lanhe,Tian Rui,Guo Jingbo,et al.Effect of NaCl salinity on extracellular polymeric substances and bioflocculation of anoxic sludge in A2/O process[J].Environmental Sciences,2018,39(9):4281-4288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Zhang W,Zheng J,Zheng P,et al.Sludge-Derived biochar for arsenic(iii)immobilization:effects of solution chemistry on sorption behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2015,44(4):1119-1126.
[26]Nouha K,Kumar R S,Balasubramanian S,et al.Critical review of EPS production,synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,66(4):225-245.
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[2]张兰河,田蕊,陈子成,等.NaCl盐度对A2/O工艺去除废水污染物和系统微生物的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(10):231-237.Zhang Lanhe,Tian Rui,Chen Zichen,et al.Effects of NaCl salinity on wastewater pollutants removal and microorganism in A2/O technology process[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(10):231-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]张崇淼,马宇超,牛全睿,等.渐增NaCl对印染废水处理系统活性污泥微生物的影响[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):33-37.Zhang Chongmiao,Ma Yuchao,Niu Quanrui,et al.Influences of gradual-increase NaCl on the activated sludge microbes in dyeing wastewater treatment systems[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2017,37(2):33-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Wu G,Guan Y,Zhan X.Effect of salinity on the activity,settling and microbial community of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors treating synthetic saline wastewater[J].Water Science&Technology,2008,58(2):351-358.
[5]赵凯峰,王淑莹,叶柳,等.NaCl盐度对耐盐活性污泥沉降性能及脱氮的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(3):570-574.Zhao Kaifeng,Wang Shuying,Ye Liu,et al.Effects of salinity on salt-tolerant activated sludge settling performance and nitrogen removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(3):570-574.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Mannina G,Capodici M,Cosenza A,et al.Sequential batch membrane bio-reactor for wastewater treatment:The effect of increased salinity[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,209:205-212.
[7]Hong J,Li W,Lin B,et al.Deciphering the effect of salinity on the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor for aquaculture of bacterial community[J].Desalination,2013,316(5):23-30.
[8]Li J,Shi W,Jiang C,et al.Evaluation of potassium as promoter on anaerobic digestion of saline organic wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,266:68-74.
[9]邹小玲,许柯,夏兴华,等.NaCl和KCl盐度对厌氧污泥的驯化及对比产甲烷活性的影响[J].中国沼气,2009,27(3):23-25.Zou Xiaoling,Xu Ke,Xia Xinghua,et al.NaCl and KCl salinity acclimations of anaerobic sludge and their effects on specific methanogenic activity[J].China Biogas,2009,27(3):23-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]邹小玲,许柯,丁丽丽,等.NaCl和KCl对厌氧污泥抑制的动力学研究[J].化工环保,2009,29(5):394-397.Zou Xiaoling,Xu Ke,Ding Lili,et al.Kinetics study of inhibiting action of NaCl and KCl on anaerobic sludge[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2009,29(5):394-397.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Liu L,Yan H,Tan W,et al.Influence of Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,and Fe3+on filterability and settleability of drilling sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2016,25(5):658-664.
[12]杨红薇,陈佼,张建强.K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对高盐肝素废水处理的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(10):4267-4272.Yang Hongwei,Chen Jiao,Zhang Jianqiang.Effects of K+,Ca2+,Mg2+on high salt heparin wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(10):4267-4272.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Hwang K L,Bang C H,Zoh K D.Characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the wastewater treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,214:881-884.
[14]徐华勤,肖润林,邹冬生,等.长期施肥对茶园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(8):3355-3361.Xu Huaqin,Xiao Runlin,Zou Dongsheng,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on functional diversity of soil microbial community of the tea plantation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(8):3355-3361.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]魏民,郑国臣,李建政,等.表征水体中生物活性及脱氢酶检测方法研究[J].东北水利水电,2012,30(8):43-46.Wei Min,Zheng Guochen,Li Jianzheng,et al.Study on detection method of biological activity and dehydrogenase in water[J].Water Resources&Hydropower of Northeast China,2012,30(8):43-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Guo H,Zhou J,Zhang S,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23,Suppl(11):S110-S113.
[17]Wu D,Ekama G A,Wang H G,et al.Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the sulfur cycle-associated enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)process[J].Water Research,2014,49(2):251-264.
[18]林兵.盐胁迫下好氧颗粒污泥微生物种群变化及生态响应机制[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2014.Lin Bing.Change of Microbial Community Structure and Ecology Reponse Mechanism of Aerobic Granular Sludge under Salt Stress[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]李志华,王晓昌,王耀东.含盐量对好氧颗粒污泥形成过程的影响[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(9):1228-1230.Li Zhihua,Wang Xiaochang,Wang Yaodong.Influence of sodium chloride on formation of aerobic granules[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(9):1228-1230.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]陶卫平.嗜盐菌的嗜盐机制[J].生物学通报,1996,31(1):23-24.
[21]Shilo,Moshe.Strategies of Microbial Life in Extreme Environments[M].Verlag Chemie,1979.
[22]何健.高盐难降解工业废水微生物处理的污泥驯化研究与应用[D].南京:南京农业大学,2000.He Jian.Sludge Acclimation of Microbiological Treatment of Hypersaline Refractory Waste Water[D].Nanjing:Agricultural University of Nanjing,2000.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]李玲玲,周鹏.活性污泥中功能性菌群抗盐度冲击性能研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(1):105-109.Li Lingling,Zhou Peng.Effect of salinity shock on specific microorganisms in conventional activated sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(1):105-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]张兰河,田蕊,郭静波,等.NaCl盐度对A2/O工艺缺氧区胞外聚合物及生物絮凝性的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4281-4288.Zhang Lanhe,Tian Rui,Guo Jingbo,et al.Effect of NaCl salinity on extracellular polymeric substances and bioflocculation of anoxic sludge in A2/O process[J].Environmental Sciences,2018,39(9):4281-4288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Zhang W,Zheng J,Zheng P,et al.Sludge-Derived biochar for arsenic(iii)immobilization:effects of solution chemistry on sorption behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2015,44(4):1119-1126.
[26]Nouha K,Kumar R S,Balasubramanian S,et al.Critical review of EPS production,synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,66(4):225-245.
[27]Amatore C,Jutand A,Le Duc G.Mechanistic origin of antagonist effects of usual anionic bases(OH-,CO32-)as modulated by their Countercations(Na+,Cs+,K+)in palladium-catalyzed suzuki-miyaura reactions[J].Chemistry,2012,18(21):6616-6625.
[28]Guo X,Miao Y,Wu B,et al.Correlation between microbial community structure and biofouling as determined by analysis of microbial community dynamics[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,197:99-105.
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