中国南北方城市河流生态修复技术差异性特征
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摘要
城市河流具有防洪排涝、供水、生态、景观和文化等多重经济、社会功能,也是受人类作用影响较大的区域。目前针对中国河流生态修复工程的系统归纳与梳理,尤其针对南方和北方城市河流的地区差异性,及适应于各自区域特征的生态修复工程的系统对比和总结比较匮乏。针对这一问题,通过文献梳理和工程实践总结,对城市河流生态修复技术进行了梳理和分类,从城市河流的自然条件、污染以及普遍的治理思路上分析南方和北方城市河流具有的差异性特征。对南方和北方城市河流生态修复中的共性技术进行了陈述,详细分析了南北方应用的生态修复技术中,具有差异化的调水改善水环境、生态护岸、人工湿地和人工浮床4项技术的适用性及应用条件。最后对目前城市河流修复工作存在的问题进行了总结,并提出了相应建议。
Urban rivers have multiple economic and social functions,such as flood control and drainage,water supply,ecological services,landscape and culture. Meanwhile,urban rivers are the most profound area of human transformation.Recently,there was a lack of systematic summaries and researches on river ecological restoration projects,especially on the systematic comparison and summary of ecological restoration projects of urban rivers in the south and the north of China,which was adapted to the regional characteristics. Aiming at these questions,this study sorted out and classified urban river ecological restoration technologies through literature review and engineering practice summary,and analyzed the different characteristics of urban rivers for the south and the north on the aspects of natural condition,pollution of urban rivers and general treatment ideas. This study described the general technologies in the ecological restoration of urban rivers in the south and the north,and analyzed in detail the applicability and application conditions of four technologies of specialized water diversion to improve the water environment,ecological water bank protection,artificial wetland and artificial floating bed. Finally,the problems existing in urban river restoration work were summarized,and corresponding suggestions were put forward,which could provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the planning practice and follow-up management of ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.
Urban rivers have multiple economic and social functions,such as flood control and drainage,water supply,ecological services,landscape and culture. Meanwhile,urban rivers are the most profound area of human transformation.Recently,there was a lack of systematic summaries and researches on river ecological restoration projects,especially on the systematic comparison and summary of ecological restoration projects of urban rivers in the south and the north of China,which was adapted to the regional characteristics. Aiming at these questions,this study sorted out and classified urban river ecological restoration technologies through literature review and engineering practice summary,and analyzed the different characteristics of urban rivers for the south and the north on the aspects of natural condition,pollution of urban rivers and general treatment ideas. This study described the general technologies in the ecological restoration of urban rivers in the south and the north,and analyzed in detail the applicability and application conditions of four technologies of specialized water diversion to improve the water environment,ecological water bank protection,artificial wetland and artificial floating bed. Finally,the problems existing in urban river restoration work were summarized,and corresponding suggestions were put forward,which could provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the planning practice and follow-up management of ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.
引文
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[23]陈涛，于鲁冀，柏义生，等．冬、夏两季组合湿地系统的净化力对比分析[J]．环境工程，2018,36(5):21-25.
[24]肖楚田，肖克炎，李林．水体净化与景观:水生植物工程应用[M]．南京:江苏科学技术出版社，2013.
[25]黄央央，江敏，张饮江，等．人工浮岛在上海白莲泾河道水质治理中的作用[J]．环境科学与技术，2010,33(8):114-119.
[26]商瑜，白雪，巨雪薇．寒地景观生态浮岛的创新性研究[J]．科技创新导报，2014(18):25-26.
[27] Petersen M M. A natural approach to watershed planning,restoration and management[J]. Water Science&Technology,1999,39(12):347-352.
[28] Clarke S J,Bruce-Burgess L, Wharton G. Linking form and function:towards an eco-hydromorphic approach to sustainable river restoration[J]. Aquatic Conservation Marine&Freshwater Ecosystems,2010,13(5):439-450.
[2] Binder W,Juerging P,Karl J. Naturnaher wasserbau merkamale und grenzen[J]. Garten und Landschaft,1983,93(2):91-94.
[3] Hohmann J,Konold W. Flussbaumassnahmen an der wutach und ihre bewertung aus oekologischer Sicht[J]. Deutsche Wasser Wirtschaft,1992,82(9):434-440.
[4]林俊强，陈凯麒，曹晓红，等．河流生态修复的顶层设计思考[J]．水利学报，2018,49(4):483-491.
[5]徐菲，王永刚，张楠，等．河流生态修复相关研究进展[J]．生态环境学报，2014(3):515-520.
[6]赵彦伟，杨志峰．城市河流生态系统健康评价初探[J]．水科学进展，2005,16(3):349-355.
[7]董哲仁，孙东亚，赵进勇，等．生态水工学进展与展望[J]．水利学报，2014,45(12):1419-1426.
[8]董哲仁．生态水利工程学[M]．北京:中国水利水电出版社，2019.
[9]王超，王沛芳．城市水生态系统建设与管理[M]．北京:科学出版社，2004.
[10]黄显峰，郑延科，方国华，等．平原河网地区河流生态修复技术研究与实践[J]．水资源保护，2017,33(5):170-176.
[11]李廷梅，于鲁冀，吕晓燕．针对城市河流功能需求的生态修复技术概述[J]．环境工程，2016,34(6):6-9.
[12]李昆．两类特征河流主要修复措施的生态效应研究[D]．长春:东北师范大学，2015.
[13]宋关玲，王岩．北方富营养化水体生态修复技术[M]．北京:中国轻工业出版社，2015.
[14]贾艾晨，王旭旭．北方河流生态修复模式研究[J]．中国农村水利水电，2016(12):59-62.
[15]任珺，王刚．黄河上游水质分析与污染治理对策研究[M]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2008.
[16]范子武，赵瑞龙，李云，等．苏州古城区水质提升行动计划“自流活水”方案研究[C]//水资源生态保护与水污染控制研讨会，2013.
[17]胡梦云，何国富．我国北方城市河流生态治理:以渭河流域皂河为例[J]．安徽农业科学，2013(30):12121-12124.
[18]李廷梅，于鲁冀，吕晓燕．针对城市河流功能需求的生态修复技术概述[J]．环境工程，2016,34(6):6-9.
[19]谢三桃，朱青．城市河流硬质护岸生态修复研究进展[J]．环境科学与技术，2009,32(5):83-87.
[20]钱嫦萍．中国南方城市河流污染治理共性技术集成与工程绩效评估[D]．上海:华东师范大学，2014.
[21]孙书存，包维楷．恢复生态学[M]．北京:化学工业出版社，2005.
[22]郜莹．哈尔滨市人工湿地植物净污能力研究[D]．哈尔滨:黑龙江大学，2012.
[23]陈涛，于鲁冀，柏义生，等．冬、夏两季组合湿地系统的净化力对比分析[J]．环境工程，2018,36(5):21-25.
[24]肖楚田，肖克炎，李林．水体净化与景观:水生植物工程应用[M]．南京:江苏科学技术出版社，2013.
[25]黄央央，江敏，张饮江，等．人工浮岛在上海白莲泾河道水质治理中的作用[J]．环境科学与技术，2010,33(8):114-119.
[26]商瑜，白雪，巨雪薇．寒地景观生态浮岛的创新性研究[J]．科技创新导报，2014(18):25-26.
[27] Petersen M M. A natural approach to watershed planning,restoration and management[J]. Water Science&Technology,1999,39(12):347-352.
[28] Clarke S J,Bruce-Burgess L, Wharton G. Linking form and function:towards an eco-hydromorphic approach to sustainable river restoration[J]. Aquatic Conservation Marine&Freshwater Ecosystems,2010,13(5):439-450.
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