河套盆地第四纪沉积古地理特征及演化
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摘要
通过对河套盆地1100条钻孔资料的岩性岩相综合分析,探讨了该区第四纪沉积相特征及古地理环境演变过程。研究认为:早更新世-中更新世早期,临河凹陷以湖泊沉积环境为主,三湖河凹陷以河流沉积环境为主,呼和凹陷为局限性河湖沉积环境,西山咀隆起与包头隆起都以古隆起剥蚀为主,全盆地沉积环境为局限性河湖,中更新世早期黄河已流入该盆地;中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期,全盆地形成了内陆封闭性咸水-半咸水湖盆,黄河为内流河;自晚更新世中晚期以后,随黄河逐渐外流,河套地区进入到准平原化过程,由湖泊沉积转为以冲积作用为主的河湖交替演化,最终以河流及山前冲洪积作用为主。晚第四纪河套盆地东西部沉积环境差异受区域构造及沉积古地理格局的控制。
According to the comprehensive analysis of lithology and lithofacies of 1100 drillings in Hetao Basin,the characteristics of Quaternary sedimentary facies and the evolution process of sedimentary palaeogeography environment were discussed. The conclusions are as follows. In the Early Pleistocene and the early stage of Middle Pleistocene, the paleogeography sedimentary feature of the whole basin where Linhe depression was dominated by lake sedimentary environment, Sanhuhe depression was dominated by river sedimentary environment, Huhe depression was a limited river and lake sedimentary environment, and both Xishanzui uplift and Baotou uplift were dominated by uplift-erosion, was a limited lake and river environment. The Yellow River flowed into the basin since the early stage of Middle Pleistocene. From the late stage of Middle Pleistocene to the early stage of Late Pleistocene, the whole basin formed an inland closed brackish water and saline water lake, and the Yellow River was an inland river. Since the middle and late stage of Late Pleistocene, the Hetao area entered a peneplain process with the gradual outflow of the Yellow River, where it reflected a fluvial-lacustrine alternative sedimentary environment mainly dominated by alluviation, and then there was mainly a river and alluvial-proluvial fan sedimentary environment. The difference of Late Quaternary sedimentary environment between the Eastern and Western Hetao Basin was controlled by regional structure and sedimentary palaeogeography frameworks.
According to the comprehensive analysis of lithology and lithofacies of 1100 drillings in Hetao Basin,the characteristics of Quaternary sedimentary facies and the evolution process of sedimentary palaeogeography environment were discussed. The conclusions are as follows. In the Early Pleistocene and the early stage of Middle Pleistocene, the paleogeography sedimentary feature of the whole basin where Linhe depression was dominated by lake sedimentary environment, Sanhuhe depression was dominated by river sedimentary environment, Huhe depression was a limited river and lake sedimentary environment, and both Xishanzui uplift and Baotou uplift were dominated by uplift-erosion, was a limited lake and river environment. The Yellow River flowed into the basin since the early stage of Middle Pleistocene. From the late stage of Middle Pleistocene to the early stage of Late Pleistocene, the whole basin formed an inland closed brackish water and saline water lake, and the Yellow River was an inland river. Since the middle and late stage of Late Pleistocene, the Hetao area entered a peneplain process with the gradual outflow of the Yellow River, where it reflected a fluvial-lacustrine alternative sedimentary environment mainly dominated by alluviation, and then there was mainly a river and alluvial-proluvial fan sedimentary environment. The difference of Late Quaternary sedimentary environment between the Eastern and Western Hetao Basin was controlled by regional structure and sedimentary palaeogeography frameworks.
引文
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[18]马保起.晚更新世晚期呼包盆地环境演化与地貌响应[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(6):630-637.
[19]杨友运.内蒙河套盆地第四系生物气藏形成地质条件分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2004,24(3):320-321.
[20]高胜利.河套盆地浅层气(生物气)成藏地质条件研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007:1-173.
[21]高胜利,任战利,崔君平.河套盆地古气候演化与生物气勘探[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):35-39.
[22]李国强.乌兰布和沙漠钻孔岩芯记录的释光年代学和晚第四纪沙漠-湖泊演化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007:1-121.
[23]高胜利,任战利,周义军,等.河套地区呼和坳陷第四系更新统地震相与沉积相[J].古地理学报,2007,9(1):87-96.
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[28]范育新,陈发虎,范天来,等.乌兰布和北部地区沙漠景观形成的沉积学和光释光年代学证据[J].中国科学(地球科学),2010,40(7):903-910.
[29]梁阿如娜.晚第四纪包头盆地古湖演化与环境变迁[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2011:1-41.
[30]张小瑾.河套地区内蒙古磴口晚冰期以来古气候演化初步研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011:1-50.
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[32]陈笑霞.内蒙河套盆地中晚更新世地层易溶盐特征与环境[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013:1-56.
[33]公王斌,胡健民,李振宏,等.河套盆地西缘山前低台地沉积特征对 "吉兰泰-河套"古湖消退过程及其控制因素的指示意义[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):190-198.
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[35]何康宁.河套盆地呼和坳陷油气成藏地质条件分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-70.
[36]Jia L Y,Zhang X J,Ye P S,et al.Development of the alluvial and lacustrine terraces on the northern margin of the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for the evolution of the Yellow River in the Hetao area since the late Pleistocene[J].Geomorphology,2016,263:87-98.
[37]张皓月,张绪教,李成路,等.内蒙古河套平原塔尔湖地区湖泊成因[J].现代地质,2016,30 (5):1171-1178.
[38]Li B F,Sun D H,Xu W H,et al.Paleomagnetic chronology and paleoenvironmental records from drill cores from the Hetao Basin and their implications for the formation of the Hobq Desert and the Yellow river[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2017,156:69 -89.
[39]周青硕,张绪教,叶培盛,等.河套地区全新世黄河古河道的分布及期次划分[J].地质力学学报,2017,23(3):339-347.
[40]蔡茂堂,叶培盛,杨星辰,等.河套盆地北部344ka以来沉积环境演化[J].地质力学学报,2018,24 (2):253-262.
[41]吴利杰,张翼龙,石建省,等.包头地区第四纪中晚期介形类生物地层与环境演化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(10):135-141.
[42]Yang X C,Cai M T,Ye P S,et al.Late Pleistocene paleolake evolution in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Quaternary International,2018,464(B):386-395.
[43]傅建利,张珂,马占武,等.中更新世晚期以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):166-181.
[44]王书兵,蒋复初,傅建利,等.关于黄河形成时代的一些认识[J].第四纪研究,2013,33(4):705-714.
[45]郑绵平,赵元艺,刘俊.青藏高原盐湖[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1989.
(1)内蒙古自治区地质调查院.内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市临河区地热资源预可行性勘查报告[R].2012.
(2)中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所.包头市麻池钻孔第四纪地层综合研究成果报告[R].2014.
(3)内蒙古自治区地质调查院.内蒙古自治区土默特左旗哈素海地区地热资源勘查报告[R].2011.
(4)内蒙古自治区地质调查院.内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市临河区地热资源预可行性勘查报告[R].2012.
[2]李增学,主编.岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.
[3]张金亮,谢俊,主编.储层沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.
[4]国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[5]聂宗笙,李克.内蒙古包头地区萨拉乌苏组的发现及其意义[J].科学通报,1988,33(21):1645-1649.
[6]李建彪,冉勇康,郭文生.河套盆地托克托台地湖相层研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(5):630-639.
[7]王新亮.内蒙古呼包盆地第四纪沉积、构造特征研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006:1-57.
[8]邓金宪,刘正宏,徐仲元,等.包头地区晚更新世-全新世地层划分对比及环境变迁[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(2):133-140.
[9]李建彪,冉勇康,郭文生,等.呼包盆地第四纪地层与环境演化[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(4):632 -644.
[10]阎浩.内蒙河套盆地郝家窑中晚更新世萨拉乌苏组地层与环境[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010:1-61.
[11]贾铁飞,银山,赵明,等.黄河托克托段早中更新世湖相地层剖面的建立及其意义[J].内蒙古师范大学(自然科学版),2011:30(1):74-78.
[12]赵红梅,赵华,刘林敬,等.包头地区晚第四纪沉积地层与环境演化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):165-171.
[13]李成路.河套盆地晚第四纪地层划分与湖泊演化历史[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017:1-72.
[14]窦素芹,聂宗笙,麦学舜.内蒙呼包盆地晚更新世孢粉组合及其意义[J].地震地质,1990,12(3):283-289.
[15]闵隆瑞,张新元.内蒙古达拉特旗芒硝矿研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[16]王瑜,宋长青,孙湘君.内蒙古土默特平原北部全新世古环境变迁[J].地理学报,1997,52(2):430-438.
[17]李炳元,葛全胜,郑景云.近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):239-246.
[18]马保起.晚更新世晚期呼包盆地环境演化与地貌响应[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(6):630-637.
[19]杨友运.内蒙河套盆地第四系生物气藏形成地质条件分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2004,24(3):320-321.
[20]高胜利.河套盆地浅层气(生物气)成藏地质条件研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007:1-173.
[21]高胜利,任战利,崔君平.河套盆地古气候演化与生物气勘探[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):35-39.
[22]李国强.乌兰布和沙漠钻孔岩芯记录的释光年代学和晚第四纪沙漠-湖泊演化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007:1-121.
[23]高胜利,任战利,周义军,等.河套地区呼和坳陷第四系更新统地震相与沉积相[J].古地理学报,2007,9(1):87-96.
[24]聂宗笙,李虹,马保起.内蒙古河套盆地晚更新世晚期化石动物群[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(1):14-25.
[25]陈发虎,范育新,春喜,等.晚第四纪"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖的初步研究[J].科学通报,2008,53(10):1207-1219.
[26]陈发虎,范育新,D.B.Madsen,等.河套地区新生代湖泊演化与"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖形成机制的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(5):866-873.
[27]何哲峰.黄河河套段更新世晚期古湖问题的初步研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2009:1-72.
[28]范育新,陈发虎,范天来,等.乌兰布和北部地区沙漠景观形成的沉积学和光释光年代学证据[J].中国科学(地球科学),2010,40(7):903-910.
[29]梁阿如娜.晚第四纪包头盆地古湖演化与环境变迁[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2011:1-41.
[30]张小瑾.河套地区内蒙古磴口晚冰期以来古气候演化初步研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011:1-50.
[31]蒋复初,王书兵,李朝柱,等.内蒙古托克托台地湖相地层及其初步意义[J].第四纪研究,2012,32 (5):931-937.
[32]陈笑霞.内蒙河套盆地中晚更新世地层易溶盐特征与环境[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013:1-56.
[33]公王斌,胡健民,李振宏,等.河套盆地西缘山前低台地沉积特征对 "吉兰泰-河套"古湖消退过程及其控制因素的指示意义[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):190-198.
[34]汪敬忠,吴敬禄,曾海鳌.内蒙古河套地区陈普海子湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(5):137-144.
[35]何康宁.河套盆地呼和坳陷油气成藏地质条件分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015:1-70.
[36]Jia L Y,Zhang X J,Ye P S,et al.Development of the alluvial and lacustrine terraces on the northern margin of the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for the evolution of the Yellow River in the Hetao area since the late Pleistocene[J].Geomorphology,2016,263:87-98.
[37]张皓月,张绪教,李成路,等.内蒙古河套平原塔尔湖地区湖泊成因[J].现代地质,2016,30 (5):1171-1178.
[38]Li B F,Sun D H,Xu W H,et al.Paleomagnetic chronology and paleoenvironmental records from drill cores from the Hetao Basin and their implications for the formation of the Hobq Desert and the Yellow river[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2017,156:69 -89.
[39]周青硕,张绪教,叶培盛,等.河套地区全新世黄河古河道的分布及期次划分[J].地质力学学报,2017,23(3):339-347.
[40]蔡茂堂,叶培盛,杨星辰,等.河套盆地北部344ka以来沉积环境演化[J].地质力学学报,2018,24 (2):253-262.
[41]吴利杰,张翼龙,石建省,等.包头地区第四纪中晚期介形类生物地层与环境演化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(10):135-141.
[42]Yang X C,Cai M T,Ye P S,et al.Late Pleistocene paleolake evolution in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Quaternary International,2018,464(B):386-395.
[43]傅建利,张珂,马占武,等.中更新世晚期以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):166-181.
[44]王书兵,蒋复初,傅建利,等.关于黄河形成时代的一些认识[J].第四纪研究,2013,33(4):705-714.
[45]郑绵平,赵元艺,刘俊.青藏高原盐湖[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1989.
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