鸣沙景观的地理分布及发声机理
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摘要
鸣沙这种神奇的自然现象和自然景观,被认为是一种极具科学奥秘的自然遗产与地质景观,更是一种独特的声景观(soundscape)和重要的旅游资源与旅游景观。回顾和总结国内外鸣沙报导的最新发现和科学进展,总结全球鸣沙的地理分布,发现了其分布特征。鸣沙机理的探索依然是科学热点,但方兴未艾,迄今尚无系统完整而普遍认同的科学解释。基于摩擦发声、气垫发声、剪切面发声、压电发声、共鸣箱发声等5种鸣沙的主要发声假说,结合现代实验室的科学试验,归纳出剪切运动发声、沙粒结构可鸣性、共鸣箱共鸣的鸣沙机理。展望未来的鸣沙景观研究与应用,有必要系统研究鸣沙地质景观、鸣沙声景观和鸣沙旅游景观的多元视角的领域实践,全面探讨鸣沙的科研科考、科普教育、游憩审美、经济开发等理论价值和现实功能。
Singing sands, a magical natural phenomenon and landscape, has been regarded as a kind of natural heritage and geological landscape with great scientific mystery, also a unique soundscape and an important tourism resource and landscape. Reviewing the latest discoveries and scientific developments on singing sands at home and abroad, the paper summarizes the geographical distribution of the global singing sands and discovers the distribution characteristics. The scientific exploration of the sounding mechanisms of singing sands has been becoming a hot topic, but still in the ascendant so far, and there is no systematic and generally accepted scientific explanation. The paper reviews the main five kinds of sounding hypothesis of frictional sounding, air cushion sounding, shear surface sounding, piezoelectric sounding, and resonance box sounding, and sums up the sounding mechanisms of shear movement sounding, sand structure sounding, and resonance box via the scientific experiments of modern laboratory. On the future research and application of singing sands, it is necessary to study systematically the multiple fields of singing sand geological landscape, singing sand soundscape, singing sand tourism landscape to discuss comprehensively the theoretical values and practical functions of scientific research, popular science education, recreation aesthetics and economic development of singing sands.
Singing sands, a magical natural phenomenon and landscape, has been regarded as a kind of natural heritage and geological landscape with great scientific mystery, also a unique soundscape and an important tourism resource and landscape. Reviewing the latest discoveries and scientific developments on singing sands at home and abroad, the paper summarizes the geographical distribution of the global singing sands and discovers the distribution characteristics. The scientific exploration of the sounding mechanisms of singing sands has been becoming a hot topic, but still in the ascendant so far, and there is no systematic and generally accepted scientific explanation. The paper reviews the main five kinds of sounding hypothesis of frictional sounding, air cushion sounding, shear surface sounding, piezoelectric sounding, and resonance box sounding, and sums up the sounding mechanisms of shear movement sounding, sand structure sounding, and resonance box via the scientific experiments of modern laboratory. On the future research and application of singing sands, it is necessary to study systematically the multiple fields of singing sand geological landscape, singing sand soundscape, singing sand tourism landscape to discuss comprehensively the theoretical values and practical functions of scientific research, popular science education, recreation aesthetics and economic development of singing sands.
引文
[1] Andreotti B,Bonneau L.Booming dune instability[J].Physical Review Letters,2009,103:238001.
[2] 马瑞俊.我国古籍中有关鸣沙现象的记述[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(1):93-96.
[3] 特雷弗·考克斯.声音的奇境:一段探寻世界好声音的科学长征[M].北京:新世界出版社,2015:165-194.
[4] Dagois-Bohy S,du Pont S C,Douady S.Singing-sand avalanches without dunes[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,39:L20310.
[5] 王涛,陈广庭.中国的沙漠戈壁[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2008.
[6] Carus-Wilson C.Musical sand[J].Nature,1932,129:798.
[7] Irving A.Musical sands[J].Nature,1909,78:99.
[8] Thomas E R.Musical sand[J].Nature,1911,86:483-484.
[9] Offord J.Musical sand in China[J].Nature,1915,95:6566.
[10] Richardson B.The singing sands of Lake Michigan[J].Science,1919,1300:493-495.
[11] Smith P J.Let booming sand boom[J].Nature,1976,259:368.
[12] Goldsack D E,Leach M F,Kilkenny C.Natural and artificial singing sands[J].Nature,1997,386:29.
[13] Ball P.The dune chorus[J].Nature,2007,449:10-11.
[14] Schafer R M.The soundscape-our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World[M].Rochester,VT,USA:Destiny Books,1999:101.
[15] 三轮茂雄,屈建军,尾奇都正司.Environmental consideration of the active booming dunes in Bada Jaran Desert in China[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):247-252.
[16] 韩菲,田明中,刘斯文,等.中国北部地区沙漠鸣沙对比研究[J].地球学报,2016,37(2):247-255.
[17] Andreotti B.Sonic sands[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2012,75:1-24.
[18] Bolton J.Musical sand,its wide distribution and properties[J].American Association Advances of Sciences,1884,33:408-420.
[19] Hunt M L,Vriend N M.Booming sand dunes[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2010,38:281-301.
[20] Lindsay J F,Criswell D R.Sound producing dune and beach sands[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1976,87:463-473.
[21] Ridgway K,Scotton J B.Whistling sand beaches in the British Isles[J].Sedimentolgy,1973,20:263-279.
[22] Tapper G O,Leach M F,Goldsack D E.Geography of acoustic (musical) sands[C].Canadian Acoustics,1997,25(3):37.
[23] 刘斯文.巴丹吉林沙漠东南部鸣沙的分布发育特征及成因机制研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010:36.
[24] 闫德仁,安晓亮,武智双.响沙成因问题探讨[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2001,23(3):54-56.
[25] 屈建军,孙波,张克存,等.鸣沙表面结构特征与共鸣机制的模拟实验研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(7):949-956.
[26] 拜格诺.风沙和荒漠沙丘物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1959:238-239.
[27] 吉尔格拉,王占荣.库布齐沙漠响沙湾“沙鸣”原理探析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,1995,17(4):37-40.
[28] Sholtz P,Bretz M,Nori F.Sound-producing sand avalanches[J].Contemporary Physics,1997,38:329-342.
[29] Humphries D W.The booming sand of Korizo,Sahara,and the squeaking sand of Gower,S.Wales:a comparison of the fundamental characteristics of two musical sands[J].Sedimentology,1966,6:135-152.
[30] Bolton H C.Researches on sonorous sand in the Peninsula of Sinai[J].Proceedings of the American Association Advances of Sciences,1889,38:137-159.
[31] Haff P K.Booming dunes[J].American Scientist,1986,74:377-381.
[32] Lewis A D.Roaring sands of the Kalahari Desert[J].South African Geographical Journal,1936,19:33-49.
[33] Blake J.On the Structure of the Sonorous Sand from Kauai[J].Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,1874,5:357-358.
[34] 马玉明.银肯沙内响沙的探讨[J].内蒙古林业科技,1979,5(4):43.
[35] Bolton H C.Recent visits to “singing beach” in Scotland and America[J].Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences,1884,3:72-76.
[36] Curzon G.Singing Sands Tales of Travel[M].London,UK:Century,1923:261-339.
[37] 郑晓静,杨堃.关于鸣沙[J].力学与实践,2004(2):86-87.
[38] Richard P,McNamara S,Tankeo M.Relevance of numerical simulations to booming sand[J].Physical Review E,2012,85:010301.
[39] Douady S,Manning A,Hersen P,et al.Song of the dunes as a self-synchronized instrument[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,97:018002.
[40] Andreotti B.The song of dunes as a wave-particle mode locking[J].Physical Review Letters,2004,93:238001-238004.
[41] Bonneau L,Andreotti B,Clement,E.Surface elastic waves in granular media under gravity and their relation to booming avalanches[J].Physical Review E,2007,75:16602.
[42] 林官明,赵小虎.鸣沙沙粒振动频率自锁机制[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):601-608.
[43] Vriend N M,Hunt M L,Clayton R W,et al.Reply to comment by B Andreotti et al on “Solving the mystery of booming sand dunes”[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35:L08307.
[44] Patitsas A J.Singing sands,musical grains and booming sand dunes[J].Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences,2008,2(1):1-25.
[45] Patitsas A J.Singing sands,booming dune sands,and the stick-slip effect[J].Canadian Journal of Physics,2012,90(7):611-631.
[46] 叶喜艳,宋春晖,于昊,等.敦煌鸣沙“共鸣箱”成因类型[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1-7.
[47] 吉尔格拉,杨秀花,孙明忠.库布齐沙漠沙鸣现象的研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版),1996,18(4):52-56.
[48] 马玉明.响沙、沙响与共鸣箱之奥秘[J].内蒙古林业科技,2000,26(4):10-14.
[49] 姚洪林,马玉明.响沙与粒径特征和风选程度的关系[J].内蒙古林业科技,2000,26(4):3-9.
[50] 王文彪,马俊杰.库布齐沙漠不同地表类型沙粒粒径分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,2011,37(3):27-30.
[51] 屈建军,代枫年,康国定,等.鸣沙研究及其展望[J].地球科学进展,1993,8(4):59-61.
[52] Han F,Tian M Z,Wu F D,et al.Physical and chemical properties of sound-producing and soundless sand particles from booming sand dunes,northern China[J].Arab Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:241-250.
[53] Patitsas A J.Booming and singing acoustic emissions from fluidized granular beds[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2003,17:287-315.
[54] 杜青松,柴玲,范淑花,等.敦煌雅丹国家地质公园地质资源调查及地学意义[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):610-615.
[55] 张捷.Schafer声景观理论经典著作的评析[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(12):121-124.
[56] 王艳茹,李陇堂,张冠乐,等.中国沙漠旅游研究现状及展望[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):533-539.
[2] 马瑞俊.我国古籍中有关鸣沙现象的记述[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(1):93-96.
[3] 特雷弗·考克斯.声音的奇境:一段探寻世界好声音的科学长征[M].北京:新世界出版社,2015:165-194.
[4] Dagois-Bohy S,du Pont S C,Douady S.Singing-sand avalanches without dunes[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,39:L20310.
[5] 王涛,陈广庭.中国的沙漠戈壁[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2008.
[6] Carus-Wilson C.Musical sand[J].Nature,1932,129:798.
[7] Irving A.Musical sands[J].Nature,1909,78:99.
[8] Thomas E R.Musical sand[J].Nature,1911,86:483-484.
[9] Offord J.Musical sand in China[J].Nature,1915,95:6566.
[10] Richardson B.The singing sands of Lake Michigan[J].Science,1919,1300:493-495.
[11] Smith P J.Let booming sand boom[J].Nature,1976,259:368.
[12] Goldsack D E,Leach M F,Kilkenny C.Natural and artificial singing sands[J].Nature,1997,386:29.
[13] Ball P.The dune chorus[J].Nature,2007,449:10-11.
[14] Schafer R M.The soundscape-our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World[M].Rochester,VT,USA:Destiny Books,1999:101.
[15] 三轮茂雄,屈建军,尾奇都正司.Environmental consideration of the active booming dunes in Bada Jaran Desert in China[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):247-252.
[16] 韩菲,田明中,刘斯文,等.中国北部地区沙漠鸣沙对比研究[J].地球学报,2016,37(2):247-255.
[17] Andreotti B.Sonic sands[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2012,75:1-24.
[18] Bolton J.Musical sand,its wide distribution and properties[J].American Association Advances of Sciences,1884,33:408-420.
[19] Hunt M L,Vriend N M.Booming sand dunes[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2010,38:281-301.
[20] Lindsay J F,Criswell D R.Sound producing dune and beach sands[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1976,87:463-473.
[21] Ridgway K,Scotton J B.Whistling sand beaches in the British Isles[J].Sedimentolgy,1973,20:263-279.
[22] Tapper G O,Leach M F,Goldsack D E.Geography of acoustic (musical) sands[C].Canadian Acoustics,1997,25(3):37.
[23] 刘斯文.巴丹吉林沙漠东南部鸣沙的分布发育特征及成因机制研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010:36.
[24] 闫德仁,安晓亮,武智双.响沙成因问题探讨[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2001,23(3):54-56.
[25] 屈建军,孙波,张克存,等.鸣沙表面结构特征与共鸣机制的模拟实验研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(7):949-956.
[26] 拜格诺.风沙和荒漠沙丘物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1959:238-239.
[27] 吉尔格拉,王占荣.库布齐沙漠响沙湾“沙鸣”原理探析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,1995,17(4):37-40.
[28] Sholtz P,Bretz M,Nori F.Sound-producing sand avalanches[J].Contemporary Physics,1997,38:329-342.
[29] Humphries D W.The booming sand of Korizo,Sahara,and the squeaking sand of Gower,S.Wales:a comparison of the fundamental characteristics of two musical sands[J].Sedimentology,1966,6:135-152.
[30] Bolton H C.Researches on sonorous sand in the Peninsula of Sinai[J].Proceedings of the American Association Advances of Sciences,1889,38:137-159.
[31] Haff P K.Booming dunes[J].American Scientist,1986,74:377-381.
[32] Lewis A D.Roaring sands of the Kalahari Desert[J].South African Geographical Journal,1936,19:33-49.
[33] Blake J.On the Structure of the Sonorous Sand from Kauai[J].Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,1874,5:357-358.
[34] 马玉明.银肯沙内响沙的探讨[J].内蒙古林业科技,1979,5(4):43.
[35] Bolton H C.Recent visits to “singing beach” in Scotland and America[J].Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences,1884,3:72-76.
[36] Curzon G.Singing Sands Tales of Travel[M].London,UK:Century,1923:261-339.
[37] 郑晓静,杨堃.关于鸣沙[J].力学与实践,2004(2):86-87.
[38] Richard P,McNamara S,Tankeo M.Relevance of numerical simulations to booming sand[J].Physical Review E,2012,85:010301.
[39] Douady S,Manning A,Hersen P,et al.Song of the dunes as a self-synchronized instrument[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,97:018002.
[40] Andreotti B.The song of dunes as a wave-particle mode locking[J].Physical Review Letters,2004,93:238001-238004.
[41] Bonneau L,Andreotti B,Clement,E.Surface elastic waves in granular media under gravity and their relation to booming avalanches[J].Physical Review E,2007,75:16602.
[42] 林官明,赵小虎.鸣沙沙粒振动频率自锁机制[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):601-608.
[43] Vriend N M,Hunt M L,Clayton R W,et al.Reply to comment by B Andreotti et al on “Solving the mystery of booming sand dunes”[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35:L08307.
[44] Patitsas A J.Singing sands,musical grains and booming sand dunes[J].Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences,2008,2(1):1-25.
[45] Patitsas A J.Singing sands,booming dune sands,and the stick-slip effect[J].Canadian Journal of Physics,2012,90(7):611-631.
[46] 叶喜艳,宋春晖,于昊,等.敦煌鸣沙“共鸣箱”成因类型[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1-7.
[47] 吉尔格拉,杨秀花,孙明忠.库布齐沙漠沙鸣现象的研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版),1996,18(4):52-56.
[48] 马玉明.响沙、沙响与共鸣箱之奥秘[J].内蒙古林业科技,2000,26(4):10-14.
[49] 姚洪林,马玉明.响沙与粒径特征和风选程度的关系[J].内蒙古林业科技,2000,26(4):3-9.
[50] 王文彪,马俊杰.库布齐沙漠不同地表类型沙粒粒径分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,2011,37(3):27-30.
[51] 屈建军,代枫年,康国定,等.鸣沙研究及其展望[J].地球科学进展,1993,8(4):59-61.
[52] Han F,Tian M Z,Wu F D,et al.Physical and chemical properties of sound-producing and soundless sand particles from booming sand dunes,northern China[J].Arab Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:241-250.
[53] Patitsas A J.Booming and singing acoustic emissions from fluidized granular beds[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2003,17:287-315.
[54] 杜青松,柴玲,范淑花,等.敦煌雅丹国家地质公园地质资源调查及地学意义[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):610-615.
[55] 张捷.Schafer声景观理论经典著作的评析[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(12):121-124.
[56] 王艳茹,李陇堂,张冠乐,等.中国沙漠旅游研究现状及展望[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):533-539.
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