南海东南部陆缘S3界面(中中新世末)属性及其意义
|
摘要
南海东南部陆缘发育多个新生代沉积盆地,其构造—沉积响应记录了南海形成演化的丰富地质信息。中中新世末S3界面是南海东南部新生代沉积盆地热沉降期的重要地质界面,但目前研究尚不充分,且对其地质属性也存在较大争议。在钻井资料约束下,通过对礼乐盆地和西南、西北巴拉望盆地二维地震测线的精细解释,结合钻井岩性资料,从地震相—沉积相、构造沉降速率以及沉积中心迁移等变化角度,系统总结了S3界面的特征。该界面是区域性不整合面,可全区域追踪解释,但在研究区不同构造位置界面特征具有明显差异:在盆地边缘和岛礁发育区界面具有显著的"下削上超"不整合现象,而凹陷内多表现为整合接触,但局部伴生水道下切现象;在西北、西南巴拉望陆架和陆坡区,界面上下存在岩性和沉积相突变现象,局部由半深水—深水相突变为滨—浅海相。构造沉降分析显示,中中新世研究区以区域快速沉降为主,中中新世末(S3界面时期)沉降速率开始普遍减小,可能与南海扩张结束后深部动力机制有关。厘定S3界面的形成时间约为12Ma,认为其可能与菲律宾岛弧与巴拉望岛碰撞造成的大规模抬升事件有关。另外,研究区S3界面之上发育的富砂和富碳酸盐岩的重力流沉积体系则可能是12.5Ma以来全球海平面相对下降的直接响应,期间多次区域性的海退有利于砂质和碳酸盐岩沉积物向深水区的搬运。
There are several Cenozoic basins on the southeastern margin of the South China Sea, the tectonic-depositional response of which bears a great deal of geological information on the evolution of the sea and basins. Formed by the end of the Middle Miocene,the interface S3 is an insufficiently studied and controversial interface formed within the thermal subsidence stage. Constrained by well data, and combined with the interpretation of 2 D seismic profiles crossing the Liyue and Palawan sub-basins, this paper systematically described the characteristics of the S3 interface, including lithology, seismic-sedimentary facies, tectonic subsidence rate,and migration of depocenters. This interface is marked by a prominent seismic reflector and can be traced over a large area in the study area. It also has different features on various tectonic elements. For example, the seismic expression is an angular truncation unconformity on the shelf of Palawan and part of Dangerous Grounds, whereas the interface is a continuous high amplitude reflection and has conformity contact, partially overlapped by incised channel deposits in the bathyal-abyssal area of Liyue and Palawan sub-basins. What's more, an abrupt change in lithological and sedimentary facies was observed on the northwest/southwest Palawan shelf and slope region, indicating a change from bathyal-abyssal facies to shallow marine facies. The S3 surface also marks an end of the rapid subsiding stage of Middle Miocene, evidenced by a decreasing subsiding rate that might be related with the deep geodynamic regimes after the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea. Based upon the detailed correlation of biostratigraphy of the unconformity, we propose that this interface probably developed at ca. 12 Ma due to the peak continent-arc collisional event between the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan block. The observed gravity flow deposits on the S3 interface are probably linked with the dramatic sea-level fall since 12.5 Ma, which directly triggered the delivery of sand-rich or carbonate-rich sediments into the deep water.
There are several Cenozoic basins on the southeastern margin of the South China Sea, the tectonic-depositional response of which bears a great deal of geological information on the evolution of the sea and basins. Formed by the end of the Middle Miocene,the interface S3 is an insufficiently studied and controversial interface formed within the thermal subsidence stage. Constrained by well data, and combined with the interpretation of 2 D seismic profiles crossing the Liyue and Palawan sub-basins, this paper systematically described the characteristics of the S3 interface, including lithology, seismic-sedimentary facies, tectonic subsidence rate,and migration of depocenters. This interface is marked by a prominent seismic reflector and can be traced over a large area in the study area. It also has different features on various tectonic elements. For example, the seismic expression is an angular truncation unconformity on the shelf of Palawan and part of Dangerous Grounds, whereas the interface is a continuous high amplitude reflection and has conformity contact, partially overlapped by incised channel deposits in the bathyal-abyssal area of Liyue and Palawan sub-basins. What's more, an abrupt change in lithological and sedimentary facies was observed on the northwest/southwest Palawan shelf and slope region, indicating a change from bathyal-abyssal facies to shallow marine facies. The S3 surface also marks an end of the rapid subsiding stage of Middle Miocene, evidenced by a decreasing subsiding rate that might be related with the deep geodynamic regimes after the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea. Based upon the detailed correlation of biostratigraphy of the unconformity, we propose that this interface probably developed at ca. 12 Ma due to the peak continent-arc collisional event between the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan block. The observed gravity flow deposits on the S3 interface are probably linked with the dramatic sea-level fall since 12.5 Ma, which directly triggered the delivery of sand-rich or carbonate-rich sediments into the deep water.
引文
[1] 李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件[J].科学通报,1998,43(8):797-810.[LI Sitian,LIN Changsong,ZHANG Qiming,et al.Dynamic process of episodic rifting in the northern continental margin basin of the South China Sea and tectonic events since 10Ma [J].Scientific Bulletin,1998,43 (8):797-810.]
[2] 姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.大南海地区新生代板块构造活动[J].中国地质,2004,31(2):113-122.[YAO Bochu,WAN Ling,WU Nengyou.Cenozoic plate tectonic activity in the Greater South China Sea [J].Geology of China,2004,31 (2):113-122.]
[3] 龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京,科学出版社,1997.[GONG Zaisheng,LI Sitian.Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea [M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.]
[4] Xie X,Müller R D,Ren J,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology,2008,247(3-4):129-144.
[5] Fyhn M B W,Boldreel L O,Nielsen L H.Tectonic and climatic control on growth and demise of the Phanh Rang Carbonate Platform offshore south Vietnam [J].Basin Research,2009,21(2):225-251.
[6] Swiecicki T,Maynard K.Geology and Sequence,Stratigraphy of Block 06/94,Nam Con Son Basin,Offshore Vietnam [M].2009.
[7] 王英民,徐强,李冬,等.南海西北部晚中新世的红河海底扇[J].科学通报,2011,10(56):781-787.[WANG Yingmin,XU Qiang,LI Dong,et al.Late Miocene Honghe submarine fan in the northwestern South China Sea [J].Science Bulletin,2011,10 (56):781-787.]
[8] 苏明,解习农,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地裂后期S40界面特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):886-894.[SU Ming,XIE Xinong,JIANG Tao,et al.Characteristics of the S40 interface and its geological significance in the late stage of the Qiongdongnan Basin [J].Journal of Geosciences of China University of Geosciences,2011,36 (5):886-894.]
[9] 赵淑娟,吴时国,施和生,等.南海北部东沙运动的构造特征及动力学机制探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1008-1019.[ZHAO Shujuan,WU Shiguo,SHI Hesheng,et al.Structural characteristics and dynamic mechanism of Dongsha movement in the northern South China Sea [J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1008-1019.]
[10] Xie Z,Sun L,Pang X,et al.Origin of the Dongsha Event in the South China Sea [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2017,38(4):357-371.
[11] Hinz K,Schlüter H U.Geology of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea,and the Continental Margin off Southwest Palawan:Results of SONNE cruises SO-23 and SO-27 [J].Energy,1985,10(3-4):297-315.
[12] Aurelio M A,Forbes M T,Taguibao K J L,et al.,Middle to Late Cenozoic tectonic events in south and central Palawan (Philippines) and their implications to the evolution of the south-eastern margin of South China Sea:Evidence from onshore structural and offshore seismic data [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58:658-673.
[13] Steuer S,Franke D,Meresse F,et al.Oligocene-Miocene carbonates and their role for constraining the rifting and collision history of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58:644-657.
[14] Morley C K.Major unconformities/termination of extension events and associated surfaces in the South China Seas:Review and implications for tectonic development [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,120:62-86.
[15] Holloway N.The North Palawan Block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian Mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea [J].Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin,1981,14:19-58.
[16] 熊莉娟,李三忠,索艳慧,等.南海南部新生代控盆断裂特征及盆地群成因 [J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):113-126.[XIONG Lijuan,LI Sanzhong,SUO Yanhui,et al.Cenozoic basin-controlling faults and their bearing on basin groups formation in the Southern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2012,32(6):113-126.]
[17] Schlüter H U,Hinz K,Block M.Tectono stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea [J].Marine Geology,1996,130:39-78.
[18] Sales A O,Jacobsen E C,Morado A A,et al.The petroleum potential of deep water northwest Palawan Block-GSEC-66 [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2-3):217-240.
[19] Ding W,Franke D,Li J,et al.Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic structure from a composite multi-channel seismic profile across the entire Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea [J].Tectonophysics,2013,582:162-176.
[20] Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponnier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia [J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[21] Li C F,Li J,Ding W,et al.Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea basin and implications for neotectonics [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2014,120(3):1377-1399.
[22] Yao Y,Liu H,Yang C,et al.Characteristics and evolution of Cenozoic sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60:114-129.
[23] 孙珍,赵中贤,李家彪,等.南沙地块内破裂不整合与碰撞不整合的构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3196-3209.[SUN Zhen,ZHAO Zhongxian,LI Jiabiao,et al.Structural analysis of rupture unconformity and collision unconformity in Nansha block [J].Journal of Geophysics,2011,54 (12):3196-3209.]
[24] Franke D,Savva D,Pubellier M,et al.The final rifting evolution in the South China Sea [J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2014,58:704-720.
[25] 王利杰,姚永坚,李学杰,等.南沙东部海域裂陷结束不整合面时空迁移规律及构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2019(待刊).[WANG Lijie,YAO Yongjian,LI Xuejie,et al.Temporal and spatial migration of the rifting terminate unconformities and their tectonic significance in the eastern part of Nansha Block [J].Journal of Geophysics,2019 (to be published).]
[26] Becker J J,Sandwell D T,Smith W H F,et al.Global bathymetry and elevation data at 30 arc seconds resolution:SRTM30_PLUS [J].Marine Geodesy,2009,32(4):355-371.
[27] Kudrass H R,Wiedicke M.Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1986,3:19-30.
[28] Ogg J G,Ogg G,Gradstein F M.A Concise Geologic TimeScale [M].2016.
[29] Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic [J].Science,1987,235(4793):1156-1167.
[30] Taylor B,Hayes D E.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands [J].American Geophysical Union,1980,23:89-104.
[31] Williams H.Play concepts-northwest Palawan,Philippines [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2-3):251-273.
[32] Steuer S,Franke D,Meresse F,et al.Time constraints on the evolution of Southern Palawan Island,Philippines from onshore and offshore correlation of Miocene limestones [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,76:412-427.
[33] Aurelio M A,Peňa R E.Geology of the Philippines Tectonics and Stratigraphy[M]// Mines and Geosciences Bureau.Department of Environment and Natural Resources,Quezon City,Philippines,2010.
[34] 丁巍伟,李家彪,黎明碧.南海南部陆缘礼乐盆地新生代的构造-沉积特征及伸展机制:来自NH973-2多道地震测线的证据[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):895-904.[DING Weiwei,LI Jiabiao,LI Mingbi.Cenozoic tectonic-sedimentary characteristics and extension mechanisms of the Lile Basin on the southern continental margin of the South China Sea:Evidence from NH973-2 multichannel seismic lines[J].Journal of Geosciences-China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):895-904.]
[35] Ilao K A,Morley C K,Aurelio M A.3D seismic investigation of the structural and stratigraphic characteristics of the Pagasa Wedge,Southwest Palawan Basin,Philippines,and their tectonic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,154:213-237.
[36] Fournier F,Montaggioni L,Borgomano J.Paleoenvironments and high-frequency cyclicity from Cenozoic South-East Asian shallow-water carbonates:a case study from the Oligo-Miocene buildups of Malampaya (Offshore Palawan,Philippines) [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,11:12.
[37] Walston V A a O H G.Geology of the West Linapacan [C]// A Field,offshore Palawan.Philippines:Offshore Southeast Asia 9th Conf.(Singapore.).1992.
[38] Forbes M T,Mapaye C B,Bacud J A.Structural characterization of offshore southwest Palawan,Philippines using the most recent 2D/3D seismic data[C]// Proceedings of the Southeast Asia Petroleum Exploration (SEAPEX) Meeting,Manila,Philippines,2011.
[39] 吴时国,赵学燕,董冬冬,等.南沙海区礼乐盆地碳酸盐台地地震响应及发育演化[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):807-814.[WU Shiguo,ZHAO Xueyan,DONG Dongdong,et al.Seismic response and evolution of carbonate platform in Lile Basin,Nansha Sea Area [J].Journal of Geosciences-China University of Geosciences,2011,36 (5):807-814.]
[40] Zhang T S,Wu Z Y,Zhao D N,et al.The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in Reed Basin,South China Sea[C]// Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Earth System Science,Shanghai,July,2018,2-4.
[41] 张亚震,李俊良,裴健翔,等.礼乐盆地深水区新生代生物礁的发育条件与地震特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(6):108-117.[ZHANG Yazhen,LI Junliang,PEI Jianxiang,et al.Development conditions and seismic characteristics of the Cenozoic reef in the deepwater area of Liyue Basin,southern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2018,38(6):108-117.]
[42] Franke D,Barckhausen U,Baristeas N,et al.The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea [J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2011,28(6):1187-1204.
[43] Steckler M,Watts A.Subsidence of the Atlantic-typecontinental margin off New York [J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1978,41:1-13
[44] Zhao Z,Sun Z,Wang Z,et al.The dynamic mechanism of post-rift accelerated subsidence in Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2013,34(3-4):295-308.
[45] Rehm S K.The miocene carbonates in time and space on-and offshore SW Palawan,Philippines[D].Christian Albrechts Universit?t Kiel,2003.
[46] 邱宁,姚永坚,张江阳,等.南海东南部陆缘地壳结构特征及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2019,62(7):2607-2621.[QIUNing,YAOYongjian,ZHANGJiangyang,et al.Characteristics of the crustal structure and its tectonicsignificance of the continental margin of SE South China Sea [J].Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(7):2607-2621.]
[47] Ding W,Li J,Dong C,et al.Oligocene-Miocene carbonates in the Reed Bank area,South China Sea,and their tectono-sedimentary evolution [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2014,36(2-3):149-165.
[48] 方鹏高,丁巍伟,方银霞,等.南海礼乐滩碳酸盐台地的发育及其新生代构造响应[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2015,40(12):2052-2066.[FANG Penggao,DING Weiwei,FANG Yinxia,et al.Development and Cenozoic tectonic response of the Lile beach carbonate platform in the South China Sea [J].Geosciences (Journal of China University of Geosciences),2015,40 (12):2052-2066.]
[49] Hutchison C S,Vijayan V R.What are the Spratly Islands?[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,39 (5):371-385.
[50] MatZin I C,Tucker M E.An alternative stratigraphic scheme for the SarawakBasin [J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,1999,17:215-232.
[51] 邵磊,李献华,汪品先,等.南海渐新世以来构造演化的沉积记录-ODP1148站深海沉积物中的证据[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):539-544.[SHAO Lei,LI Xianhua,WANG Pinxian,et al.Depositional records of tectonic evolution since Oligocene in the South China Sea-Evidence from deep-sea sediments at ODP 148 station [J].Progress in Geoscience,2004,19 (4):539-544.]
[52] Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J M,et al.Evolution of deep-water Tertiary Sinuous Channels Offshore Angola (West Africa) and implications for reservoir architecture [J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85 (8):1373-1405.
[53] Khain V E,Polyakova I D J L,Resources M.Oil and gas potential of deep- and ultradeep-water zones of continental margins[J].Lithology and Mineral Resource,2004,39 (6):530-540.
[54] 庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):13-21.[PANG Xiong,SHEN Jun,YUAN Lizhong,et al.Pearl River deepwater fan system in the South China Sea and its oil and gas exploration prospects [J].Acta Pttrolei Sinica,2006,27 (3):13-21.]
[55] 王振峰.深水重要油气储层-琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):646-653.[WANG Zhenfeng.Central Canyon System of Qiongdongnan Basin,an important deep-water oil and gas reservoir [J].Journal of Sedimentation,2012,30 (4):646-653.]
[2] 姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.大南海地区新生代板块构造活动[J].中国地质,2004,31(2):113-122.[YAO Bochu,WAN Ling,WU Nengyou.Cenozoic plate tectonic activity in the Greater South China Sea [J].Geology of China,2004,31 (2):113-122.]
[3] 龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京,科学出版社,1997.[GONG Zaisheng,LI Sitian.Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea [M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.]
[4] Xie X,Müller R D,Ren J,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology,2008,247(3-4):129-144.
[5] Fyhn M B W,Boldreel L O,Nielsen L H.Tectonic and climatic control on growth and demise of the Phanh Rang Carbonate Platform offshore south Vietnam [J].Basin Research,2009,21(2):225-251.
[6] Swiecicki T,Maynard K.Geology and Sequence,Stratigraphy of Block 06/94,Nam Con Son Basin,Offshore Vietnam [M].2009.
[7] 王英民,徐强,李冬,等.南海西北部晚中新世的红河海底扇[J].科学通报,2011,10(56):781-787.[WANG Yingmin,XU Qiang,LI Dong,et al.Late Miocene Honghe submarine fan in the northwestern South China Sea [J].Science Bulletin,2011,10 (56):781-787.]
[8] 苏明,解习农,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地裂后期S40界面特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):886-894.[SU Ming,XIE Xinong,JIANG Tao,et al.Characteristics of the S40 interface and its geological significance in the late stage of the Qiongdongnan Basin [J].Journal of Geosciences of China University of Geosciences,2011,36 (5):886-894.]
[9] 赵淑娟,吴时国,施和生,等.南海北部东沙运动的构造特征及动力学机制探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1008-1019.[ZHAO Shujuan,WU Shiguo,SHI Hesheng,et al.Structural characteristics and dynamic mechanism of Dongsha movement in the northern South China Sea [J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1008-1019.]
[10] Xie Z,Sun L,Pang X,et al.Origin of the Dongsha Event in the South China Sea [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2017,38(4):357-371.
[11] Hinz K,Schlüter H U.Geology of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea,and the Continental Margin off Southwest Palawan:Results of SONNE cruises SO-23 and SO-27 [J].Energy,1985,10(3-4):297-315.
[12] Aurelio M A,Forbes M T,Taguibao K J L,et al.,Middle to Late Cenozoic tectonic events in south and central Palawan (Philippines) and their implications to the evolution of the south-eastern margin of South China Sea:Evidence from onshore structural and offshore seismic data [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58:658-673.
[13] Steuer S,Franke D,Meresse F,et al.Oligocene-Miocene carbonates and their role for constraining the rifting and collision history of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58:644-657.
[14] Morley C K.Major unconformities/termination of extension events and associated surfaces in the South China Seas:Review and implications for tectonic development [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,120:62-86.
[15] Holloway N.The North Palawan Block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian Mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea [J].Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin,1981,14:19-58.
[16] 熊莉娟,李三忠,索艳慧,等.南海南部新生代控盆断裂特征及盆地群成因 [J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):113-126.[XIONG Lijuan,LI Sanzhong,SUO Yanhui,et al.Cenozoic basin-controlling faults and their bearing on basin groups formation in the Southern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2012,32(6):113-126.]
[17] Schlüter H U,Hinz K,Block M.Tectono stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea [J].Marine Geology,1996,130:39-78.
[18] Sales A O,Jacobsen E C,Morado A A,et al.The petroleum potential of deep water northwest Palawan Block-GSEC-66 [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2-3):217-240.
[19] Ding W,Franke D,Li J,et al.Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic structure from a composite multi-channel seismic profile across the entire Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea [J].Tectonophysics,2013,582:162-176.
[20] Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponnier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia [J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[21] Li C F,Li J,Ding W,et al.Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea basin and implications for neotectonics [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2014,120(3):1377-1399.
[22] Yao Y,Liu H,Yang C,et al.Characteristics and evolution of Cenozoic sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60:114-129.
[23] 孙珍,赵中贤,李家彪,等.南沙地块内破裂不整合与碰撞不整合的构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3196-3209.[SUN Zhen,ZHAO Zhongxian,LI Jiabiao,et al.Structural analysis of rupture unconformity and collision unconformity in Nansha block [J].Journal of Geophysics,2011,54 (12):3196-3209.]
[24] Franke D,Savva D,Pubellier M,et al.The final rifting evolution in the South China Sea [J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2014,58:704-720.
[25] 王利杰,姚永坚,李学杰,等.南沙东部海域裂陷结束不整合面时空迁移规律及构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2019(待刊).[WANG Lijie,YAO Yongjian,LI Xuejie,et al.Temporal and spatial migration of the rifting terminate unconformities and their tectonic significance in the eastern part of Nansha Block [J].Journal of Geophysics,2019 (to be published).]
[26] Becker J J,Sandwell D T,Smith W H F,et al.Global bathymetry and elevation data at 30 arc seconds resolution:SRTM30_PLUS [J].Marine Geodesy,2009,32(4):355-371.
[27] Kudrass H R,Wiedicke M.Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1986,3:19-30.
[28] Ogg J G,Ogg G,Gradstein F M.A Concise Geologic TimeScale [M].2016.
[29] Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic [J].Science,1987,235(4793):1156-1167.
[30] Taylor B,Hayes D E.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands [J].American Geophysical Union,1980,23:89-104.
[31] Williams H.Play concepts-northwest Palawan,Philippines [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1997,15(2-3):251-273.
[32] Steuer S,Franke D,Meresse F,et al.Time constraints on the evolution of Southern Palawan Island,Philippines from onshore and offshore correlation of Miocene limestones [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,76:412-427.
[33] Aurelio M A,Peňa R E.Geology of the Philippines Tectonics and Stratigraphy[M]// Mines and Geosciences Bureau.Department of Environment and Natural Resources,Quezon City,Philippines,2010.
[34] 丁巍伟,李家彪,黎明碧.南海南部陆缘礼乐盆地新生代的构造-沉积特征及伸展机制:来自NH973-2多道地震测线的证据[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):895-904.[DING Weiwei,LI Jiabiao,LI Mingbi.Cenozoic tectonic-sedimentary characteristics and extension mechanisms of the Lile Basin on the southern continental margin of the South China Sea:Evidence from NH973-2 multichannel seismic lines[J].Journal of Geosciences-China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):895-904.]
[35] Ilao K A,Morley C K,Aurelio M A.3D seismic investigation of the structural and stratigraphic characteristics of the Pagasa Wedge,Southwest Palawan Basin,Philippines,and their tectonic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,154:213-237.
[36] Fournier F,Montaggioni L,Borgomano J.Paleoenvironments and high-frequency cyclicity from Cenozoic South-East Asian shallow-water carbonates:a case study from the Oligo-Miocene buildups of Malampaya (Offshore Palawan,Philippines) [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,11:12.
[37] Walston V A a O H G.Geology of the West Linapacan [C]// A Field,offshore Palawan.Philippines:Offshore Southeast Asia 9th Conf.(Singapore.).1992.
[38] Forbes M T,Mapaye C B,Bacud J A.Structural characterization of offshore southwest Palawan,Philippines using the most recent 2D/3D seismic data[C]// Proceedings of the Southeast Asia Petroleum Exploration (SEAPEX) Meeting,Manila,Philippines,2011.
[39] 吴时国,赵学燕,董冬冬,等.南沙海区礼乐盆地碳酸盐台地地震响应及发育演化[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):807-814.[WU Shiguo,ZHAO Xueyan,DONG Dongdong,et al.Seismic response and evolution of carbonate platform in Lile Basin,Nansha Sea Area [J].Journal of Geosciences-China University of Geosciences,2011,36 (5):807-814.]
[40] Zhang T S,Wu Z Y,Zhao D N,et al.The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in Reed Basin,South China Sea[C]// Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Earth System Science,Shanghai,July,2018,2-4.
[41] 张亚震,李俊良,裴健翔,等.礼乐盆地深水区新生代生物礁的发育条件与地震特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(6):108-117.[ZHANG Yazhen,LI Junliang,PEI Jianxiang,et al.Development conditions and seismic characteristics of the Cenozoic reef in the deepwater area of Liyue Basin,southern South China Sea [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2018,38(6):108-117.]
[42] Franke D,Barckhausen U,Baristeas N,et al.The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea [J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2011,28(6):1187-1204.
[43] Steckler M,Watts A.Subsidence of the Atlantic-typecontinental margin off New York [J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1978,41:1-13
[44] Zhao Z,Sun Z,Wang Z,et al.The dynamic mechanism of post-rift accelerated subsidence in Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2013,34(3-4):295-308.
[45] Rehm S K.The miocene carbonates in time and space on-and offshore SW Palawan,Philippines[D].Christian Albrechts Universit?t Kiel,2003.
[46] 邱宁,姚永坚,张江阳,等.南海东南部陆缘地壳结构特征及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2019,62(7):2607-2621.[QIUNing,YAOYongjian,ZHANGJiangyang,et al.Characteristics of the crustal structure and its tectonicsignificance of the continental margin of SE South China Sea [J].Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(7):2607-2621.]
[47] Ding W,Li J,Dong C,et al.Oligocene-Miocene carbonates in the Reed Bank area,South China Sea,and their tectono-sedimentary evolution [J].Marine Geophysical Research,2014,36(2-3):149-165.
[48] 方鹏高,丁巍伟,方银霞,等.南海礼乐滩碳酸盐台地的发育及其新生代构造响应[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2015,40(12):2052-2066.[FANG Penggao,DING Weiwei,FANG Yinxia,et al.Development and Cenozoic tectonic response of the Lile beach carbonate platform in the South China Sea [J].Geosciences (Journal of China University of Geosciences),2015,40 (12):2052-2066.]
[49] Hutchison C S,Vijayan V R.What are the Spratly Islands?[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,39 (5):371-385.
[50] MatZin I C,Tucker M E.An alternative stratigraphic scheme for the SarawakBasin [J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,1999,17:215-232.
[51] 邵磊,李献华,汪品先,等.南海渐新世以来构造演化的沉积记录-ODP1148站深海沉积物中的证据[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):539-544.[SHAO Lei,LI Xianhua,WANG Pinxian,et al.Depositional records of tectonic evolution since Oligocene in the South China Sea-Evidence from deep-sea sediments at ODP 148 station [J].Progress in Geoscience,2004,19 (4):539-544.]
[52] Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J M,et al.Evolution of deep-water Tertiary Sinuous Channels Offshore Angola (West Africa) and implications for reservoir architecture [J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85 (8):1373-1405.
[53] Khain V E,Polyakova I D J L,Resources M.Oil and gas potential of deep- and ultradeep-water zones of continental margins[J].Lithology and Mineral Resource,2004,39 (6):530-540.
[54] 庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):13-21.[PANG Xiong,SHEN Jun,YUAN Lizhong,et al.Pearl River deepwater fan system in the South China Sea and its oil and gas exploration prospects [J].Acta Pttrolei Sinica,2006,27 (3):13-21.]
[55] 王振峰.深水重要油气储层-琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):646-653.[WANG Zhenfeng.Central Canyon System of Qiongdongnan Basin,an important deep-water oil and gas reservoir [J].Journal of Sedimentation,2012,30 (4):646-653.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |