2015年调水调沙期间黄河悬浮颗粒Pb及其稳定同位素组成变化
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摘要
通过对2015年黄河调水调沙期间利津水文站悬浮泥沙以及小浪底水库表层沉积物的分析,研究了调水调沙期间黄河入海泥沙中Pb元素的含量及同位素组成的变化特征,探讨了其物质来源及对调水调沙进程的响应.结果表明,调水调沙期间黄河入海泥沙Pb元素含量为18.09～28.35μg/g,平均为21.64μg/g,稳定同位素207Pb/206Pb为0.8367～0.8481,208Pb/206Pb为2.0839～2.0997,与黄土等物质较为接近.Pb含量及稳定同位素组成在调水调沙前、后期均较高,而在调水调沙中间主要时段则较低.利津站悬浮泥沙及小浪底水库沉积物中Pb同位素组成均符合黄河源Pb演化规律,但小浪底水库沉积物Pb元素含量较高,部分站位受到了人类活动的影响.调水调沙进程对该期间黄河入海泥沙Pb的变化及来源有着显著影响,在调水调沙前期和后期,水沙通量小,洪水对下游河床冲刷作用弱,Pb受到中上游沉积物来源影响,导致含量和同位素组成较高.在调水调沙中间的主要时段,利津悬浮泥沙与小浪底水库沉积物显著不同,Pb主要来自洪水对下游河床的冲刷,以自然来源为主,未受到人类活动影响.
Field observations and sediment samples collection were conducted at Lijin Hydrological Station during the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme(WSRS) period from June 29 to July 20 in 2015 and Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The temporal variations, sources and influence by WSRS of the particulate trace metal lead(Pb) concentrations and its stable isotopic composition in the Yellow River were studied. The results showed that the contents of Pb in the suspended sediments from the Yellow River were ranged from 18.09 to 28.35μg/g, with average of 21.64μg/g, while the value of the stable isotope 207 Pb/206 Pb and 208 Pb/206 Pb were ranged 0.8367～0.8481, 2.0839～2.0997, respectively. Both the concentrations of Pb and its stable isotope composition were higher in the early and final stages of WSRS, but lower in the middle of this period. Pb in the studied sediments was mainly natural sources, but the content of Pb in sediments of Xiaolangdi Reservoir were significantly higher, which affected by the pollution of human activities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin. The process of WSRS has a significant impact on the variations and source of Pb from the Yellow River into the sea. In the early and final stages of WSRS, with the lower water and sediment flux, the flooding effect on the downstream riverbed was weak, so the Pb content and isotopic composition were higher, which were mainly come from the middle and upper reaches and affected by human activities. In the main period of WSRS, the suspended sediment from Yellow River to the sea was dominated by the source of the flooding to downstream riverbed, so Pb in sediments was dominated by natural sources and was not affected by human activities.
Field observations and sediment samples collection were conducted at Lijin Hydrological Station during the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme(WSRS) period from June 29 to July 20 in 2015 and Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The temporal variations, sources and influence by WSRS of the particulate trace metal lead(Pb) concentrations and its stable isotopic composition in the Yellow River were studied. The results showed that the contents of Pb in the suspended sediments from the Yellow River were ranged from 18.09 to 28.35μg/g, with average of 21.64μg/g, while the value of the stable isotope 207 Pb/206 Pb and 208 Pb/206 Pb were ranged 0.8367～0.8481, 2.0839～2.0997, respectively. Both the concentrations of Pb and its stable isotope composition were higher in the early and final stages of WSRS, but lower in the middle of this period. Pb in the studied sediments was mainly natural sources, but the content of Pb in sediments of Xiaolangdi Reservoir were significantly higher, which affected by the pollution of human activities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin. The process of WSRS has a significant impact on the variations and source of Pb from the Yellow River into the sea. In the early and final stages of WSRS, with the lower water and sediment flux, the flooding effect on the downstream riverbed was weak, so the Pb content and isotopic composition were higher, which were mainly come from the middle and upper reaches and affected by human activities. In the main period of WSRS, the suspended sediment from Yellow River to the sea was dominated by the source of the flooding to downstream riverbed, so Pb in sediments was dominated by natural sources and was not affected by human activities.
引文
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[37]Zheng J,Tan M,Yasuyuki S,et al.Characteristics of lead isotope ratios and elemental concentrations in PM10 fraction of airborne particulate matter in Shanghai after the phase-out of leaded gasoline[J].Atmos.Environ.,2004,38:1191-1200.
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[39]Mukai H,Tanaka A,Fuji T,et al.Regional characteristic of sulfur and lead at several Chinese urban sites[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2001,35:1064-1071.
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[41]Lair G,Zehetner F,Fiebig M,et al.How do long-term development and periodical changes of riverfloodplain systems affect the fate of contaminants?Results from European rivers[J].Environ.Pollut.,2009,157:3336-3346.
[2]Hao Y C,Guo Z G,Yang Z S,et al.Tracking historical lead pollution in the coastal area adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary using lead isotopic compositions[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,156:1325-1331.
[3]Soto-Jimenez M F,Hibdon S A,Rankin C W,et al.Chronicling a century of lead pollution in Mexico:stable lead is composition analyses of dated sediment cores[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40:764-770.
[4]Chow T J,Patterson C C.Lead isotopes in gasoline and aerosols of Los Angeles basin,California[J].Science,1965,147:502-508.
[5]Shotyk W,Weiss D,Appleby P G,et al.History of atmospheric lead deposition since 12370 14C yr BP from a peat bog,Jura Mountain,Switzerland[J].Science,1998,28:1635-1640.
[6]Wang W,Liu X,Zhao L,et al.Effectiveness of leaded petrol phase-out in Tianjin,China based on the aerosol lead concentration and isotope abundance ratio[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,364:175-187.
[7]Choi M S,Yi H I,Yang S Y,et al.Identification of Pb sources in Yellow Sea sediments using stable Pb isotope ratios[J].Marine Chemistry,2007,107:255-274.
[8]Hu N J,Huang P,Liu J H,et al.Tracking lead origin in the Yellow River Estuary and nearby Bohai Sea based on its isotopic composition[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,163:99-107.
[9]Milliman J D,Meade R H.World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans[J].Journal of Geology,1983,91:1-21.
[10]Meybeck M.The global change of continental aquatic systems:dominant impacts of human activities[J].Water Sci.Technol.,2004,49:73-83.
[11]Viers J,DupréB,Gaillardet J.Chemical composition of suspended sediments in World Rivers:New insights from a new database[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407:853-868.
[12]Yang S Y,Li C X,Liu S G.Chemical fluxes of Asian rivers into oceans and their controlling factors[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2001,3(2):30-37.
[13]Radakovitch O,Roussiez V,Ollivier P,et al.Input of particulate heavy metals from rivers and associated sedimentary deposits on the Gulf of Lion continental shelf[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,77:285-295.
[14]Syvitski J P M,Vorosmarty C J,Kettner A J,et al.Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean[J].Science,2005,308(5720):376-380.
[15]Biemans H,Haddeland I,Kabat P,et al.Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century[J].Water Resour.Res.2011,47(3):1-15.
[16]Miao C,Ni J,Borthwick A G L.Recent changes of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River basin,China[J].Prog.Phys.Geog.,2010,34:541-561.
[17]Hu B Q,Li J,Bi N S,et al.Seasonal variability and flux of particulate trace elements from the Yellow River:Impacts of the anthropogenic flood event[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,91:35-44.
[18]Wang H J,Bi N S,Yoshiki Saito,et al.Recent changes in sediment delivery by the Huanghe(Yellow River)to the sea:Causes and environmental implications in its estuary[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,391:302-313.
[19]Chen J G,Zhou W H,Chen Q.Considerations on water-sediment regulation in later sediment retaining stage of Xiaolangdi reservoir[J].Yellow River,2012,34:1-3.
[20]杨作升,李国刚,王厚杰,等.55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程变化及其对干流建库的响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):9-18.Yang Z S,Li G G,Wang H J,et al.Variation of daily water and sediment discharge in the yellow river lower reaches in the past55years and its response to the dam operation on its main stream[J].Mar.geol.Quaternary Geol.,2008,28(6):9-18.
[21]刘锋,陈沈良,彭俊,等.近60年黄河入海水沙多尺度变化及其对河口的影响[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):313-323.Liu F,Chen S L,Peng J,et al.Multi-scale variability of flow discharge and sediment load of Yellow River to sea and its impacts on the estuary during the past 60years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(3):313-323.
[22]Huanghe Water Resources Conservation Commission.Huanghe water resources bulletin 2010[EB/Z].http://www.yellowriver.gov.cn/other/hhgb/,2010.
[23]Liu S M,Li L W,Zhang G L,et al.Impacts of human activities on nutrient transports in the Huanghe(Yellow River)estuary[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,430-431:103-110.
[24]Zhang L J,Wang L,Cai W J,et al.Impact of human activities on organic carbon transport in the Yellow River[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10:2513-2524.
[25]Sui J J,Yu Z G,Xu B C,et al.Concentrations and fluxes of dissolved uranium in the Yellow River estuary:seasonal variation and anthropogenic(Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme)impact[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,128:38-46.
[26]姚庆祯,于志刚,王婷,等.调水调沙对黄河下游营养盐变化规律的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3534-3540.Yao Q Z,Yu Z G,Wang T,et al.Effect of the first water-sediment regulation on the variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients’concentrations and fluxes in the lower main channel of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(12):3534-3540.
[27]陈沛沛,刘素美,张桂玲,等.黄河下游营养盐浓度、入海通量月变化及“人造洪峰”的影响[J].海洋学报,2013,35(2):59-71.Chen P P,Liu S M,Zhang G L,et al.Monthly variation of nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the lower Huanghe River:under the influence of artificial flood[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,35(2):59-71.
[28]Bi N S,Yang Z S,Wang H J,et al.Impact of artificial water and sediment discharge regulation in the Huanghe(Yellow River)on the transport of particulate heavy metals to the sea[J].Catena,2014,121:232-240.
[29]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study of significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1957,27:3-26.
[30]刘明,徐琳,张爱滨,等.台式偏振X射线荧光光谱仪在海洋沉积物元素分析中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(3Ⅱ):421-427.Liu M,Fan D J,Zhang A B,et al.The use of desktop polarization X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in the marine sediments geochemical analysis[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2009,39(Sup.):421-427.
[31]Liu M,Fan D J,Liao Y J,et al.Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea:their distribution,speciation and sources[J].Acta Oceanol.Sin.,2016,35(9):98-110.
[32]张俊,刘季花,张辉,等.黄河入海口湿地区底质重金属污染的Pb同位素示踪[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(4):491-500.Zhang J,Liu J,Zhang H,et al.Pollutions from heavy metals in the surface sediment in the wetland region of the Yellow River estuary:lead isotope tracer[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(4):491-500.
[33]Mecray E L,Buchholtz Ten,Brink M R.Contaminant distribution and accumulation in the surface sediments of Long Island Sound[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2000,16(3):575-590.
[34]Zhou F,Guo H C,Hao Z J.Spatial distribution of heavy metals in Hong Kong’s marine sediments and their human impacts:a GIS-based chemometric approach[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54:1372-1384.
[35]Clark M W,Davies-McConchie F,McConchie D,et al.Selective chemical extraction and grain size normalization for environmental assessment of anoxic sediments:validation of an integrated procedure[J].Sci.Total Environ.,2000,258(3):149-170.
[36]王婉,刘咸德,郭冬发,等.北京冬季大气颗粒物中铅的同位素丰度比的测定和来源研究[J].质谱科学,2002:23(1):21-29.Wang W,Liu X,Guo D,et al.Determination of isotope abundance ratio of lead in Beijing atmospheric aerosol and lead source study[J].Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2002:23(1):21-29.
[37]Zheng J,Tan M,Yasuyuki S,et al.Characteristics of lead isotope ratios and elemental concentrations in PM10 fraction of airborne particulate matter in Shanghai after the phase-out of leaded gasoline[J].Atmos.Environ.,2004,38:1191-1200.
[38]Cheng H F,Hu Y A.Lead(Pb)isotopic fingerprinting and its applications in lead pollution studies in China:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158:1134-1146.
[39]Mukai H,Tanaka A,Fuji T,et al.Regional characteristic of sulfur and lead at several Chinese urban sites[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2001,35:1064-1071.
[40]Cumming G L,Richards J R.Ore lead isotope ratios in a continuously changing Earth[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1975,28:155-171.
[41]Lair G,Zehetner F,Fiebig M,et al.How do long-term development and periodical changes of riverfloodplain systems affect the fate of contaminants?Results from European rivers[J].Environ.Pollut.,2009,157:3336-3346.
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