地膜覆盖和施氮对菜地CH_4排放的影响
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摘要
以位于西南大学农业部重庆紫色土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站内辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地为研究对象,采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法,进行为期2 a的田间原位观测,探讨地膜覆盖和不同施氮处理对菜地CH_4排放的影响.本实验设置8个处理,分别为对照常规(NN0)、对照覆膜(FN0),低N常规(NN1)、低N覆膜(FN1),中N常规(NN2)、中N覆膜(FN2),高N常规(NN3)、高N覆膜(FN3),研究地膜覆盖和施氮对菜地CH_4的排放特征和影响因素以及土壤碳氮组分的变化规律.结果表明,覆膜与常规两种种植方式对于菜地CH_4的排放没有明显差异. 2014年5月～2016年4月,覆膜种植下无氮、低氮、中氮和高氮菜地CH_4年均累积吸收量分别为28. 96、51. 90、43. 43和34. 41 mg·m~(-2),常规种植下CH_4年均累积吸收量分别为40. 76、63. 56、62. 77和21. 92 mg·m~(-2).不同施氮梯度对于菜地CH_4的排放没有显著影响.菜地CH4的吸收量与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系,与土壤含水率则呈现为显著负相关关系.地膜覆盖在辣椒季加速了土壤碳素的矿化,而在萝卜季则没有显著影响.
To investigate the effects of plastic film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application on CH_4 emissions from a vegetable field,static opaque and gas chromatography methods were applied,and in situ field observations of a chili-radish rotation system,from May2014 to April 2016,were carried out in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing. Eight treatments were set up in the field experiment: control routine( no N application and no plastic film mulching)( NN0),control mulching( FN0),low N routine( NN1),low N mulching( FN1),conventional N routine( NN2),conventional N mulching( FN2),high N routine( NN3),and high N mulching( FN3). The characteristics and influencing factors of CH_4 emissions and the changes of soil carbon and nitrogen composition from all treatments were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the CH_4 emissions from the vegetable fields between the mulching methods. From May 2014 to April 2016,the annual average cumulative absorption of CH_4 in nitrogen-free,low-nitrogen,mediumnitrogen,and high-nitrogen vegetable fields under film-mulching cultivation was 28. 96,51. 90,43. 43, and 34. 41 mg·m~(-2),respectively. The average annual cumulative uptake of CH_4 under conventional planting was 40. 76,63. 56,62. 77,and 21. 92 mg·m~(-2),respectively. Different nitrogen application gradients had no significant effect on CH4 emissions from vegetable fields. There was a significant positive correlation between CH_4 uptake and soil temperature,and a significant negative correlation between CH_4 and soil water content. Plastic film coverage accelerated the mineralization of soil carbon in the pepper season,but there was no significant effect in the radish season.
To investigate the effects of plastic film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application on CH_4 emissions from a vegetable field,static opaque and gas chromatography methods were applied,and in situ field observations of a chili-radish rotation system,from May2014 to April 2016,were carried out in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing. Eight treatments were set up in the field experiment: control routine( no N application and no plastic film mulching)( NN0),control mulching( FN0),low N routine( NN1),low N mulching( FN1),conventional N routine( NN2),conventional N mulching( FN2),high N routine( NN3),and high N mulching( FN3). The characteristics and influencing factors of CH_4 emissions and the changes of soil carbon and nitrogen composition from all treatments were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the CH_4 emissions from the vegetable fields between the mulching methods. From May 2014 to April 2016,the annual average cumulative absorption of CH_4 in nitrogen-free,low-nitrogen,mediumnitrogen,and high-nitrogen vegetable fields under film-mulching cultivation was 28. 96,51. 90,43. 43, and 34. 41 mg·m~(-2),respectively. The average annual cumulative uptake of CH_4 under conventional planting was 40. 76,63. 56,62. 77,and 21. 92 mg·m~(-2),respectively. Different nitrogen application gradients had no significant effect on CH4 emissions from vegetable fields. There was a significant positive correlation between CH_4 uptake and soil temperature,and a significant negative correlation between CH_4 and soil water content. Plastic film coverage accelerated the mineralization of soil carbon in the pepper season,but there was no significant effect in the radish season.
引文
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[12]王旭燕,张仁陟,蔡立群,等.不同施氮处理下旱作农田土壤CH4、N2O气体排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3655-3661.Wang X Y,Zhang R Z,Cai L Q,et al.Emission characteristics of CH4and N2O fluxes from dryland field under different nitrogen treatments[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(11):3655-3661.
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[18]郝小雨,周宝库,马星竹,等.氮肥管理措施对黑土玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3227-3238.Hao X Y,Zhou B K,Ma X Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on greenhouse gas emissions from maize field in black soil[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3227-3238.
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[21]高琳.不同农作措施对旱地农田温室气体排放的影响[D].安徽:安徽农业大学,2016.11-66.Gao L.Effect of different farming measures on greenhouse gases emission in arid areas farmland[D].Anhui:Anhui Agricultural University,2016.11-66.
[22]李志国,张润花,赖冬梅,等.西北干旱区两种不同栽培管理措施下棉田CH4和N2O排放通量研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49(5):924-934.Li Z G,Zhang R H,Lai D M,et al.CH4and N2O fluxes from cotton fields different in farming practices in northwestern China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(5):924-934.
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