基于光纤传感的多参量地震综合观测技术研究
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摘要
面向地震综合观测需要,自主研制了窄线宽光纤光栅谐振腔,并将其作为核心传感元件,发展了一种基于有效腔长的光纤应变、地震波和温度多参量同步测量新方法。采用边带扫频激光技术实现了高精度多参量光纤信号同步解调,研制出了光纤地壳形变、地震与温度多参量探头,并开展了多参量地震综合观测实验。实验结果表明,所研制的光纤多参量传感系统应变与温度测量分辨率分别达到4.7×10~(-10)和6×10~(-5)℃,能够同时记录到清晰的固体潮汐信号、地震波信号以及环境温度扰动,有望为多参量地震同步观测提供先进的技术手段。
"Deep well, wide band, multi-component comprehensive observation" is the development direction of seismic observation. In order to promote the application and development of underground integrated observation system,key technologies,such as high temperature resistance sensor,interference isolation of sensor unit and miniaturization of instrument,need to be developed. Optic fiber sensors have the advantages of small size,passive nature,resistance to electromagnetic interference,being easy to long distance transmission and multi-parametric network observation,which are expected to provide new technology for the comprehensive observation of multiparameter earthquakes in deep wells. This paper proposed a comprehensive observation technique of seismic wave,crustal deformation and temperature. An integrated borehole seismic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating resonators was designed for measuring three-component earthquake,three-component crustal deformation and temperature signal. A new technique for simultaneous measurement of multi-parameters of temperature and strain of fiber based on effective cavity length was presented. The technique of high precision optical fiber signal demodulation based on single side band sweep laser and the design of multi-parameter integrated optical fiber probe were introduced. The resolution of strain and temperature measurement of the fiber multi-parameter sensor system reached 4.7×10~(-10) and 6×10~(-5)℃,respectively. A comprehensive multi-parameter earthquake observation experiment was carried out at the seismic station. The results show that the integrated optical fiber multi-parameter seismic observation system can simultaneously record the earth tide signal,seismic wave signal and environmental temperature disturbance,and has good anti-environmental interference ability and long-term stability,which is expected to provide a new technique for crustal deformation observation.
"Deep well, wide band, multi-component comprehensive observation" is the development direction of seismic observation. In order to promote the application and development of underground integrated observation system,key technologies,such as high temperature resistance sensor,interference isolation of sensor unit and miniaturization of instrument,need to be developed. Optic fiber sensors have the advantages of small size,passive nature,resistance to electromagnetic interference,being easy to long distance transmission and multi-parametric network observation,which are expected to provide new technology for the comprehensive observation of multiparameter earthquakes in deep wells. This paper proposed a comprehensive observation technique of seismic wave,crustal deformation and temperature. An integrated borehole seismic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating resonators was designed for measuring three-component earthquake,three-component crustal deformation and temperature signal. A new technique for simultaneous measurement of multi-parameters of temperature and strain of fiber based on effective cavity length was presented. The technique of high precision optical fiber signal demodulation based on single side band sweep laser and the design of multi-parameter integrated optical fiber probe were introduced. The resolution of strain and temperature measurement of the fiber multi-parameter sensor system reached 4.7×10~(-10) and 6×10~(-5)℃,respectively. A comprehensive multi-parameter earthquake observation experiment was carried out at the seismic station. The results show that the integrated optical fiber multi-parameter seismic observation system can simultaneously record the earth tide signal,seismic wave signal and environmental temperature disturbance,and has good anti-environmental interference ability and long-term stability,which is expected to provide a new technique for crustal deformation observation.
引文
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[9] Liu Wenyi,Zhang Wentao,Li Li,et al. Optical fiber sensor technology:Future direction for earthquake precursor monitoring[J]. Earthquake,2012,32(4):92-102.[刘文义,张文涛,李丽,等.光纤传感技术——未来地震监测的发展方向[J].地震,2012,32(4):92-102.]
[10] Gagliardi G,Salza M,Avino S,et al. Probing the ultimate limit of fiber-optic strain sensing[J]. Science,2010,330(6 007):1 081.
[11] Giuseppe M,Cecilia C,Richard L,et al. Ultrastable laser interferometry for earthquake detection with terrestrial and submarine cables[J]. Science,2018,36(6 401):486-490.
[12] Mark Z,Jonathan B,Jose O,et al. An optical seismometer without force feedback[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(2):598-605.
[13] Kazuhiko F I,Toshiro A,Masaru O,et al. Development of seafloor seismic and tsunami observation system[C]//2007Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies.IEEE,2007:349-355.
[14] Gagliardi G,Maddaloni P,Malara P,et al. Ultra-high sensitivity frequency-comb-referenced multi-parametric sensors based on 1-D photonic components[C]//Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices:Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications II. International Society for Optics and Photonics,2008,7 056:70560I.
[15] Zhang Wentao,Huang Wenzhu,Li Fang. High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration,seismic observation and marine engineering[J]. OptoElectronic Engineering,2018,45(9):170 615.[张文涛,黄稳柱,李芳.高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用[J].光电工程,2018,45(9):170 615.]
[16] He Zuyuan,Liu Qingwen,Chen Jiageng. Ultrahigh resolution fiber optic strain sensing system for crustal deformation observation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(7):074208-1-074208-12.[何祖源,刘庆文,陈嘉庚.面向地壳形变观测的超高分辨率光纤应变传感系统[J].物理学报,2017,66(7):074208-1-074208-12.]
[17] Wu Bing,Yang Jun,Yuan Yonggui,et al. Online stability monitoring technology of long-baseline homodyne laser interferometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Laser,2012,39(6):178-183.[吴冰,杨军,苑勇贵,等.单频长基线激光干涉仪的在线稳定性监测方法[J].中国激光,2012,39(6):178-183.]
[18] Chen J,Chang T,Yang Y,et al. Ultra-low-frequency tri-component fiber optic interferometric accelerometer[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2018,18(20):8 367-8 374.
[19] Barmenkov Y O. Effective length of short Fabry-Perot cavity formed by uniform fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics Express,2006,14(14):6 394-6 399.
[20] Huang Wenzhu,Zhang Wentao,Li Fang. Swept optical SSBSC modulation technique for high-resolution large dynamic range static strain measurement using FBG-FP sensors[J]. Optics Letters,2015,40(7):1 406-1 409.
[21] Zhang Wentao,Huang Wenzhu,Luo Yingbo,et al. High resolution fiber optic seismometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2017,30(4):864-866.[张文涛,黄稳柱,罗英波,等.高精度光纤光栅地震计[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(4):864-866.]
[22] Huang Wenzhu,Zhang Wentao,Luo Yingbo,et al. Broadband FBG resonator seismometer:Principle,key technique,selfnoise, and seismic response analysis[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(8):10 705-1 0715.
[2] Lin Jian,Xu Min,Zhou Zhiyuan,et al. Ocean drilling investigation of the global subduction processes[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2017,32(12):1 253-1 266.[林间,徐敏,周志远,等.全球俯冲带大洋钻探进展与启示[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(12):1 253-1 266.]
[3] Mao Jinglun,Zhu Yiqing. Progress in the application of ground gravity observation data in earthquake prediction[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2018,33(3):236-247.[毛经纶,祝意青.地面重力观察数据在地震预测中的应用研究与进展[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(3):236-247.]
[4] Ouyang Zuxi. U. S. PBO Project:Borehole strainmeter networks face a challenge[J]. Recent Developments in Word Seismology,2011,(10):19-28.[欧阳祖熙.美国PBO计划:钻孔应变仪台网遭遇挑战[J].国际地震动态,2011,(10):19-28.]
[5] Mark Z,Stephen H,William E,et al,Scientific drilling into the San Andreas Fault Zone—An overview of SAFOD's first years[J]. Scientific Drilling,2011,11:14-28.
[6] Yasuhiro A,Hiroshi I,Harumi A. Comparison of tidal strain changes observed at the borehole array observation system with in situ rock properties in the Tono region,central Japan[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2009,48:292-298.
[7] Ouyang Zuxi,Zhang Jun,Chen Zheng,et al. New progress in multi-component observation of crustal deformation in deep boreholes[J]. Recent Developments in Word Seismology,2009,(11):1-13.[欧阳祖熙,张钧,陈征,等.地壳形变深井综合观测技术的新进展[J].国际地震动态,2009,(11):1-13.]
[8] Li Hailiang,Li Hong. Status and developments of borehole strain observations in China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(6):895-900.[李海亮,李宏.钻孔应变观测现状与展望[J].地质学报,2010,84(6):895-900.]
[9] Liu Wenyi,Zhang Wentao,Li Li,et al. Optical fiber sensor technology:Future direction for earthquake precursor monitoring[J]. Earthquake,2012,32(4):92-102.[刘文义,张文涛,李丽,等.光纤传感技术——未来地震监测的发展方向[J].地震,2012,32(4):92-102.]
[10] Gagliardi G,Salza M,Avino S,et al. Probing the ultimate limit of fiber-optic strain sensing[J]. Science,2010,330(6 007):1 081.
[11] Giuseppe M,Cecilia C,Richard L,et al. Ultrastable laser interferometry for earthquake detection with terrestrial and submarine cables[J]. Science,2018,36(6 401):486-490.
[12] Mark Z,Jonathan B,Jose O,et al. An optical seismometer without force feedback[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(2):598-605.
[13] Kazuhiko F I,Toshiro A,Masaru O,et al. Development of seafloor seismic and tsunami observation system[C]//2007Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies.IEEE,2007:349-355.
[14] Gagliardi G,Maddaloni P,Malara P,et al. Ultra-high sensitivity frequency-comb-referenced multi-parametric sensors based on 1-D photonic components[C]//Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices:Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications II. International Society for Optics and Photonics,2008,7 056:70560I.
[15] Zhang Wentao,Huang Wenzhu,Li Fang. High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration,seismic observation and marine engineering[J]. OptoElectronic Engineering,2018,45(9):170 615.[张文涛,黄稳柱,李芳.高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用[J].光电工程,2018,45(9):170 615.]
[16] He Zuyuan,Liu Qingwen,Chen Jiageng. Ultrahigh resolution fiber optic strain sensing system for crustal deformation observation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(7):074208-1-074208-12.[何祖源,刘庆文,陈嘉庚.面向地壳形变观测的超高分辨率光纤应变传感系统[J].物理学报,2017,66(7):074208-1-074208-12.]
[17] Wu Bing,Yang Jun,Yuan Yonggui,et al. Online stability monitoring technology of long-baseline homodyne laser interferometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Laser,2012,39(6):178-183.[吴冰,杨军,苑勇贵,等.单频长基线激光干涉仪的在线稳定性监测方法[J].中国激光,2012,39(6):178-183.]
[18] Chen J,Chang T,Yang Y,et al. Ultra-low-frequency tri-component fiber optic interferometric accelerometer[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2018,18(20):8 367-8 374.
[19] Barmenkov Y O. Effective length of short Fabry-Perot cavity formed by uniform fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics Express,2006,14(14):6 394-6 399.
[20] Huang Wenzhu,Zhang Wentao,Li Fang. Swept optical SSBSC modulation technique for high-resolution large dynamic range static strain measurement using FBG-FP sensors[J]. Optics Letters,2015,40(7):1 406-1 409.
[21] Zhang Wentao,Huang Wenzhu,Luo Yingbo,et al. High resolution fiber optic seismometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2017,30(4):864-866.[张文涛,黄稳柱,罗英波,等.高精度光纤光栅地震计[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(4):864-866.]
[22] Huang Wenzhu,Zhang Wentao,Luo Yingbo,et al. Broadband FBG resonator seismometer:Principle,key technique,selfnoise, and seismic response analysis[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(8):10 705-1 0715.
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