基于地震相研究的三水盆地布心组沉积相再解释
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摘要
通过对广东三水盆地中北部始新统布心组地震剖面反射特征分析,确定其地震相类型及平面展布特征,结合钻井资料及前人研究成果对布心组进行沉积相再解释。研究表明:布心组沉积期由盆地周缘的高能地震相向盆地逐渐转变为较稳定的低能相,但盆地中部存在指示沉积环境水动力较强的地震相,说明其沉积相展布与前人以布心组为一个Ⅲ级层序划分出的滨湖-浅湖-半深湖-深湖相带分布不甚相同。三水盆地布心组沉积期滨-浅湖相发育于盆地大部,中部发育湖底扇,周缘多发育湖泊三角洲相,随时间的推移湖盆存在扩张后又收缩变浅的过程。
Based on the analysis of seismic profile reflection characteristics, combined with the logging data and previous research results, the type of seismic facies and distribution characteristics of the Buxin Formation in the middle-northern Sanshui Basin of Guangdong Province are determined and its sedimentary facies are reinterpretated. It shows that the high-energy seismic facies in the basin periphery change into stable low-energy facies toward the center of basin. The seismic facies in the middle basin display strong hydrodynamic environments character, different from previous views which considered it as a classic third-order sequence with sedimentary facies distribution of lakeside-shallow lake-semi deep lake-deep lake. It reveals that lakeside-shallow lake deposition developed in most of the basin, sublacustrine fan occurred in the middle part of the basin, while lacustrine delta facies mainly developed in the periphery of the basin during the deposition of Buxin Formation. With the passage of time, the basin experienced expansion followed by shrinking and shallowing.
Based on the analysis of seismic profile reflection characteristics, combined with the logging data and previous research results, the type of seismic facies and distribution characteristics of the Buxin Formation in the middle-northern Sanshui Basin of Guangdong Province are determined and its sedimentary facies are reinterpretated. It shows that the high-energy seismic facies in the basin periphery change into stable low-energy facies toward the center of basin. The seismic facies in the middle basin display strong hydrodynamic environments character, different from previous views which considered it as a classic third-order sequence with sedimentary facies distribution of lakeside-shallow lake-semi deep lake-deep lake. It reveals that lakeside-shallow lake deposition developed in most of the basin, sublacustrine fan occurred in the middle part of the basin, while lacustrine delta facies mainly developed in the periphery of the basin during the deposition of Buxin Formation. With the passage of time, the basin experienced expansion followed by shrinking and shallowing.
引文
[1] 侯明才,陈洪德,田景春,等.广东三水盆地古近纪岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2007,27(2):37-44.Hou M C, Chen H D, Tian J C, et al. Sedimentary facies and palaeogeography of the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong during the Paleogene[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2007, 27(2): 37-44. (in Chinese)
[2] 谢叶彩,刘春莲,商建林, 等.三水盆地古近纪早期微体生物群及其古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(2):114-117.Xie Y C, Liu C L, Shang J L, et al. Early Paleogene microfossils and their palaeoenvironmental implications in Sanshui Basin, South China [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2008, 47(2): 114-117. (in Chinese)
[3] 张显球,李罡,杨润林,等.广东三水盆地古近纪的介形类动物群[J].微体古生物学报,2008,25(3):235-265.Zhang X Q, Li G, Yang R L, et al. Paleogene ostracods from the Sanshui Basin of Guangdong[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2008, 25(3): 235-265. (in Chinese)
[4] 陈亮,刘春莲,庄畅,等.三水盆地古近系下部湖相沉积的稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,2009,27(6):1155-1162.Chen L, Liu C L, Zhuang C, et al. Rare earth element records of the Lower Paleogene sediments in the Sanshui Basin and their paleoclimate implications[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(6): 1155-1162. (in Chinese)
[5] 刘春莲,秦红,车平,等.广东三水盆地始新统布心组生油岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2005,7(1):125-136.Liu C L, Qin H, Che P, et al. Elemental geochemistry and sedimentary environments of source rocks of the Buxin Formation of Eocene in Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2005, 7(1): 125-136. (in Chinese)
[6] 刘春莲, Franz T F, 白雁,等.三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):36-40.Liu C L, Franz T F, Bai Y, et al. Paleogene environmental changes deduced from stable isotopic data from bulk carbonates in the Sanshui Basin, South China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(1): 36-40. (in Chinese)
[7] 刘春莲,杨建林,Hans-Joachim R,等.影响湖相沉积岩中有机碳分布的主要因素——以三水盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):113-116.Liu C L, Yang J L, Hans-Joachim R, et al. Factors influencing organic carbon distribution in lacustrine sediments[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001, 19(1): 113-116. (in Chinese)
[8] 严俊君,金之钧.广东三水残留盆地特征及油气地质条件[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1):142-147.Yan J J, Jin Z J. The features of the Sanshui relict basin and its conditions of petroleum geology[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(1): 142-147. (in Chinese)
[9] 侯红明,袁友仁.广东三水盆地晚白垩世—始新世古地磁研究及构造意义[J].热带海洋,1994,13(4):65-72.Hou H M, Yuan Y R. Paleomagnetic study of Sanshui Basin in Guangdong from late Cretaceous to Eocene and its tectonic significance[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 1994, 13(4): 65-72. (in Chinese)
[10] 许业熙,黎汉明,庄文明.早第三纪三水盆地的充填序列及构造演化特征[J].广东地质,2000,15(3):60-66.Xu Y X, Li H M, Zhuang W M. Sedimentary sequences and tectonic evolution of the Sanshui Basin in the Eocene period[J]. Guangdong Geology, 2000, 15(3): 60-66. (in Chinese)
[11] 陈云龙,张振国,姜正龙,等.三水盆地的构造演化及油气地质特征[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(2):144-147.Chen Y L, Zhang Z G, Jiang Z L, et al. The tectonic evolvement and the petroleum geological characteristics in Sanshui Basin[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2008, 39(2): 144-147. (in Chinese)
[12] 侯明才,林良彪,陈洪德.广东三水盆地沉积构造演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.Hou M C, Lin L B, Chen H D. Evolution of Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2010. (in Chinese)
[13] 龚晓峰,何家雄,张景茹,等.华南陆缘南部三水盆地油气地质条件与有利勘探方向[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(增刊1):1-6.Gong X F, He J X, Zhang J R, et al. Geological conditions and favorable exploration potential in Sanshui Basin lying in the south of the continental margin of South China[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2010, 32(S1): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[14] 苑坤,方欣欣,林拓.三水盆地页岩气成藏条件分析[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(2):84-89.Yuan K, Fang X X, Lin T. Analysis on accumulation conditions of shale gas in Sanshui Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017, 22(2): 84-89. (in Chinese)
[15] 徐怀大,王世飞,陈开远.地震地层学解释基础[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.Xu H D, Wang S F, Chen K Y. Fundamentals of Seismic Stratigraphy Interpretation[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1990. (in Chinese)
[16] 朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):167-171.Zhu J B, Zhao P K. Advances in seismic facies classification technology abroad[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(3): 167-171. (in Chinese)
[17] Brown L F J, Fisher W L. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration[J]. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 1980, 17(6): 1030-1035.
[18] Hoy R G, Ridgway K D. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2003, 87(7): 1169-1191.
[19] 张喜林,朱筱敏,杨俊生.苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组地震相研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(3):44-47.Zhang X L, Zhu X M, Yang J S. Study on the seismic facies of Dainan Formation of the Eocene in Gaoyou sag, Subei Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 20(3): 44-47. (in Chinese)
[20] 董艳蕾,朱筱敏,李德江,等.渤海湾盆地辽东湾地区古近系地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(4):554-563.Dong Y L, Zhu X M, Li D J, et al. Seismic facies of Paleogene in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(4): 554-563. (in Chinese)
[21] 王欣,朱筱敏,吴冬,等. 苏丹Muglad盆地Nugara凹陷AG组层序地层及地震相研究[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(3):519-529.Wang X, Zhu X M, Wu D, et al. Study on the sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies of the Abu Gabra Formation in Nugara Depression, Muglad Basin, Sudan[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2016, 22(3): 519-529. (in Chinese)
[22] 刘若涵,姜在兴,王旭影,等.尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统Madama组地震相识别与沉积相演化分析[J].海相油气地质,2017,(2):59-66.Liu R H, Jiang Z X, Wang X Y, et al. Seismic facies identification and sedimentary facies analysis in Upper Cretaceous Madama Formation, Termit Basin, Niger[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017, (2): 59-66. (in Chinese)
[23] 贾浪波,纪友量,钟大康,等.珠江口盆地L凹陷裂陷期始新统文昌组沉积充填模式[J].古地理学报,2017,19(3):525-540.Jia L B, Ji Y L, Zhong D K, et al. Depositional filling model of the Eocene Wenchang Formation in rift stage of L sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2017, 19(3): 525-540. (in Chinese)
[24] 蔡全升,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等.松辽盆地徐家围子北部宋站地区沙河子组地震相与沉积相解释应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(4):1-10.Cai Q S, Hu M Y, Hu Z G, et al. Seismic facies and sedimentary interpretation of Shahezi Formation in Songzhan region, northern Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 32(4): 1-10. (in Chinese)
[2] 谢叶彩,刘春莲,商建林, 等.三水盆地古近纪早期微体生物群及其古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(2):114-117.Xie Y C, Liu C L, Shang J L, et al. Early Paleogene microfossils and their palaeoenvironmental implications in Sanshui Basin, South China [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2008, 47(2): 114-117. (in Chinese)
[3] 张显球,李罡,杨润林,等.广东三水盆地古近纪的介形类动物群[J].微体古生物学报,2008,25(3):235-265.Zhang X Q, Li G, Yang R L, et al. Paleogene ostracods from the Sanshui Basin of Guangdong[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2008, 25(3): 235-265. (in Chinese)
[4] 陈亮,刘春莲,庄畅,等.三水盆地古近系下部湖相沉积的稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,2009,27(6):1155-1162.Chen L, Liu C L, Zhuang C, et al. Rare earth element records of the Lower Paleogene sediments in the Sanshui Basin and their paleoclimate implications[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(6): 1155-1162. (in Chinese)
[5] 刘春莲,秦红,车平,等.广东三水盆地始新统布心组生油岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2005,7(1):125-136.Liu C L, Qin H, Che P, et al. Elemental geochemistry and sedimentary environments of source rocks of the Buxin Formation of Eocene in Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2005, 7(1): 125-136. (in Chinese)
[6] 刘春莲, Franz T F, 白雁,等.三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):36-40.Liu C L, Franz T F, Bai Y, et al. Paleogene environmental changes deduced from stable isotopic data from bulk carbonates in the Sanshui Basin, South China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(1): 36-40. (in Chinese)
[7] 刘春莲,杨建林,Hans-Joachim R,等.影响湖相沉积岩中有机碳分布的主要因素——以三水盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):113-116.Liu C L, Yang J L, Hans-Joachim R, et al. Factors influencing organic carbon distribution in lacustrine sediments[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001, 19(1): 113-116. (in Chinese)
[8] 严俊君,金之钧.广东三水残留盆地特征及油气地质条件[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1):142-147.Yan J J, Jin Z J. The features of the Sanshui relict basin and its conditions of petroleum geology[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(1): 142-147. (in Chinese)
[9] 侯红明,袁友仁.广东三水盆地晚白垩世—始新世古地磁研究及构造意义[J].热带海洋,1994,13(4):65-72.Hou H M, Yuan Y R. Paleomagnetic study of Sanshui Basin in Guangdong from late Cretaceous to Eocene and its tectonic significance[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 1994, 13(4): 65-72. (in Chinese)
[10] 许业熙,黎汉明,庄文明.早第三纪三水盆地的充填序列及构造演化特征[J].广东地质,2000,15(3):60-66.Xu Y X, Li H M, Zhuang W M. Sedimentary sequences and tectonic evolution of the Sanshui Basin in the Eocene period[J]. Guangdong Geology, 2000, 15(3): 60-66. (in Chinese)
[11] 陈云龙,张振国,姜正龙,等.三水盆地的构造演化及油气地质特征[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(2):144-147.Chen Y L, Zhang Z G, Jiang Z L, et al. The tectonic evolvement and the petroleum geological characteristics in Sanshui Basin[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2008, 39(2): 144-147. (in Chinese)
[12] 侯明才,林良彪,陈洪德.广东三水盆地沉积构造演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.Hou M C, Lin L B, Chen H D. Evolution of Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2010. (in Chinese)
[13] 龚晓峰,何家雄,张景茹,等.华南陆缘南部三水盆地油气地质条件与有利勘探方向[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(增刊1):1-6.Gong X F, He J X, Zhang J R, et al. Geological conditions and favorable exploration potential in Sanshui Basin lying in the south of the continental margin of South China[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2010, 32(S1): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[14] 苑坤,方欣欣,林拓.三水盆地页岩气成藏条件分析[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(2):84-89.Yuan K, Fang X X, Lin T. Analysis on accumulation conditions of shale gas in Sanshui Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017, 22(2): 84-89. (in Chinese)
[15] 徐怀大,王世飞,陈开远.地震地层学解释基础[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.Xu H D, Wang S F, Chen K Y. Fundamentals of Seismic Stratigraphy Interpretation[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1990. (in Chinese)
[16] 朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):167-171.Zhu J B, Zhao P K. Advances in seismic facies classification technology abroad[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(3): 167-171. (in Chinese)
[17] Brown L F J, Fisher W L. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration[J]. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 1980, 17(6): 1030-1035.
[18] Hoy R G, Ridgway K D. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2003, 87(7): 1169-1191.
[19] 张喜林,朱筱敏,杨俊生.苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组地震相研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(3):44-47.Zhang X L, Zhu X M, Yang J S. Study on the seismic facies of Dainan Formation of the Eocene in Gaoyou sag, Subei Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 20(3): 44-47. (in Chinese)
[20] 董艳蕾,朱筱敏,李德江,等.渤海湾盆地辽东湾地区古近系地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(4):554-563.Dong Y L, Zhu X M, Li D J, et al. Seismic facies of Paleogene in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(4): 554-563. (in Chinese)
[21] 王欣,朱筱敏,吴冬,等. 苏丹Muglad盆地Nugara凹陷AG组层序地层及地震相研究[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(3):519-529.Wang X, Zhu X M, Wu D, et al. Study on the sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies of the Abu Gabra Formation in Nugara Depression, Muglad Basin, Sudan[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2016, 22(3): 519-529. (in Chinese)
[22] 刘若涵,姜在兴,王旭影,等.尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统Madama组地震相识别与沉积相演化分析[J].海相油气地质,2017,(2):59-66.Liu R H, Jiang Z X, Wang X Y, et al. Seismic facies identification and sedimentary facies analysis in Upper Cretaceous Madama Formation, Termit Basin, Niger[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017, (2): 59-66. (in Chinese)
[23] 贾浪波,纪友量,钟大康,等.珠江口盆地L凹陷裂陷期始新统文昌组沉积充填模式[J].古地理学报,2017,19(3):525-540.Jia L B, Ji Y L, Zhong D K, et al. Depositional filling model of the Eocene Wenchang Formation in rift stage of L sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2017, 19(3): 525-540. (in Chinese)
[24] 蔡全升,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等.松辽盆地徐家围子北部宋站地区沙河子组地震相与沉积相解释应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(4):1-10.Cai Q S, Hu M Y, Hu Z G, et al. Seismic facies and sedimentary interpretation of Shahezi Formation in Songzhan region, northern Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 32(4): 1-10. (in Chinese)
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