“一带一路”沿线特殊岩土分布与主要工程问题
|
摘要
"一带一路"是"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的简称,贯穿亚欧非大陆,沿线特殊岩土体类别多、分布广、工程性质复杂多样,严重威胁沿线基础设施的顺利建设和安全运营。通过收集资料与查阅文献,总结了"一带一路"沿线特殊岩土主要包括黄土、冻土、沙漠土、珊瑚礁、非洲红砂和膨胀土的基本特征、分布概况与工程特性;分析了工程建设中可能出现的地质灾害问题、地基稳定问题、路基稳定问题和生态环境问题;为了减少重大工程建设中的灾害风险,提出了四点应对措施:①编制特殊岩土体分布图,②建立地质灾害数据库并研发防灾减灾关键技术,③研发特殊土地区地基与路基处理的关键技术,④利用科学手段保护生态环境。
One Belt One Road is the abbreviation of Silk Road Economic Belt and 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road, and it runs though the Asia-Europe and non-continental continents. With complex and diversity engineering properties, many types of special soil and rock are widely distributed, which seriously threatens the infrastructure along the route. By collecting data and consulting the literature, this paper attempts to summarize the basic characteristics, distribution and engineering characteristics of special soil and rock, including in loess, frozen soil, desert soil, coral reef, African red sand and expansive soil, along One Belt One Road. In the above, the geological disasters, foundation stability problems, roadbed stability problems and ecological environment problems that may occur in the construction of the project are analyzed. In order to reduce the risk of hazards in major construction, four counter measures are proposed:(1) to draw the distribution maps of special soil and rock,(2) to establish the geological disaster database and develop the key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction,(3) to study the key technologies for foundation and roadbed treatment,(4) to protect the ecological environment with using scientific method.
One Belt One Road is the abbreviation of Silk Road Economic Belt and 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road, and it runs though the Asia-Europe and non-continental continents. With complex and diversity engineering properties, many types of special soil and rock are widely distributed, which seriously threatens the infrastructure along the route. By collecting data and consulting the literature, this paper attempts to summarize the basic characteristics, distribution and engineering characteristics of special soil and rock, including in loess, frozen soil, desert soil, coral reef, African red sand and expansive soil, along One Belt One Road. In the above, the geological disasters, foundation stability problems, roadbed stability problems and ecological environment problems that may occur in the construction of the project are analyzed. In order to reduce the risk of hazards in major construction, four counter measures are proposed:(1) to draw the distribution maps of special soil and rock,(2) to establish the geological disaster database and develop the key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction,(3) to study the key technologies for foundation and roadbed treatment,(4) to protect the ecological environment with using scientific method.
引文
[1] 杜德斌,马亚华.“一带一路”:中华民族复兴的地缘大战略[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1005-1014.
[2] LI Y R,ZHAO J G,LI B.Loess and loess geohazards in China[M].CRC Press,2018.
[3] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[4] 徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(7):1297-1312.
[5] 彭建兵,林鸿州,王启耀,等.黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684-691.
[6] 冉敏.中亚干旱区黄土记录的过去5万年以来古气候变化历史[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[7] Haase D,Fink J,Haase G,er al.Loess in Europe-its spatial distribution based on a European loess map,scale1:2500000[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2007,26(9/10):1301-1312.
[8] Muhs D R,Cattle S R,Crouvi O,et al.LoessRecords[C]// Knippertz P ,Stuut J W.Mineral Dust:A key player in the Earth System.Berlin,Springer Verlag,2014:411-441.
[9] Jefferson I F,Evstatiev D,Karastanev D,et al.Engineering geology of loess and loess-like deposits:a commentary on the russian literature [J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3/4):333-351.
[10] 张炜,张苏民.我国黄土工程性质研究的发展[J].岩土工程学报,1995(6):80-88.
[11] 郑建国,邓国华,刘争宏,等.黄土湿陷性分布不连续对湿陷变形的影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(1):165-170.
[12] 彭建兵,吴迪,段钊,等.典型人类工程活动诱发黄土滑坡灾害特征与致灾机理[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(5):971-980.
[13] ZHAUNG J Q,PENG J B,ZHU X H,et al.Spatial distribution and susceptibility zoning of geohazards along the silk road,Xian-Lanzhou[J].Eenvironmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):1-11.
[14] 周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[15] Bockheim,Campbell,Guglielmin,et al.Distribution of Permafrost and Ground Ice in the Antarctic Region[C]// International Conference on Permafrost,2008.
[16] 万旭东.北半球末次冰盛期多年冻土分布特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2015.
[17] ZHANG T,Barry R G,Knowles K,et al.Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere 1[J].Polar Geography,2008,31(1/2):47-68.
[18] 杨永鹏,程东幸,伏慧霞.东北大兴安岭多年冻土区工程地质特征及评价[J].工程地质学报,2008(5):657-662.
[19] 曲祥民,张滨.季节冻土区水工建筑物抗冻技术研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[20] 崔鹏,胡凯衡,陈华勇,等.丝绸之路经济带自然灾害与重大工程风险[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):989-997.
[21] 马巍,王大雁.中国冻土力学研究50年回顾与展望[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):625-640.
[22] 马巍,穆彦虎,李国玉,等.多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对工程扰动及气候变化的响应[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(3):478-489.
[23] 吴青柏,朱元林,施斌.工程活动下的冻土环境研究[J].冰川冻土,2001(2):200-207.
[24] 吴青柏,牛富俊.青藏高原多年冻土变化与工程稳定性[J].科学通报,2013,58(2):115-130.
[25] 贺勤,刘正奇.毛乌素沙漠-世界沙漠暴雨中心[J].内蒙古气象,1996(3):5-15.
[26] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1974.
[27] 钟德才.中国现代沙漠动态变化及其发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,1999(3):18-23.
[28] ZHANG G,SONG J,YANG J,et al.Performance of mortar and concrete made with a fine aggregate of desert sand[J].Building & Environment,2006,41(11):1478-1481.
[29] 詹金林,水伟厚,梁永辉,等.强夯法加固沙漠土地基处理试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(S2):489-493.
[30] 赵焕庭,宋朝景,卢博,等.珊瑚礁工程地质初论——新的研究领域珊瑚礁工程地质[J].工程地质学报,1996(1):86-90.
[31] Spalding,Mark,Corinna Ravilious and Edmund Green.World Atlas of Coral Reefs[M].Berkeley,CA:University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC,2001.
[32] 袁征,余克服,王英辉,等.珊瑚礁岩土的工程地质特性研究进展[J].热带地理,2016,36(1):87-93.
[33] 孙宗勋,黄鼎成.珊瑚礁工程地质研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999(6):577-581.
[34] 张家铭,蒋国盛,汪稔.颗粒破碎及剪胀对钙质砂抗剪强度影响研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2043-2048.
[35] ZHANG H R,HOU Z L.Pattern and process of continent-continent collision orogeny:A case study of the tethys collisional orogen [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89:1539-1559.
[36] 孙宏伟,董勤,石峰.南部非洲红砂地基工程特性初探[J].建筑结构,2015,45(18):105-107,100.
[37] 彭友君,岳栋,彭博,等.安哥拉格埃路砂地层的承载力研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(S2):332-337.
[38] 于永堂,郑建国,刘争宏.安哥拉Quelo砂抗剪强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S1):136-140.
[39] 刘争宏,于永堂,唐国艺,等.安哥拉Quelo砂场地渗透特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(S2):177-182.
[40] 冷挺,唐朝生,徐丹,等.膨胀土工程地质特性研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):112-128.
[41] 王瑞江,陈其慎,聂凤军,等.关于“一带一路”地学合作若干问题的思考[J].地球学报,2016,37(4):433-440.
[42] 庄建琦,彭建兵,李同录,等.“9·17”灞桥灾难性黄土滑坡形成因素与运动模拟[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(4):747-754.
[43] LIAO Q A,LI D W,LU L,et al.Paleoproterozoic granitic gneisses of the Dinggye and LhagoiKangri areas from the higher and northern Himalaya,Tibet:geochronology and implications [J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,2008,51:240-248.
[44] PAN G,WANG L,LI R,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].J Asian Earth Sci,2012,53:3-14.
[45] 张洪瑞,侯增谦.大陆碰撞造山样式与过程:来自特提斯碰撞造山带的实例[J].地质学报,2015,89:1539-1559.
[46] 朱颖彦,杨志全,Steve ZOU,等.中巴喀喇昆仑公路冰川灾害[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(11):51-59.
[47] 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室.2018年10月17日西藏雅鲁藏布江色东普沟冰崩-碎屑流-堰塞堵江事件的初步分析成果[EB/OL].(2019-10-23)[2019-01-01].http://www.sklgp.cdut.edu.cn/default.aspx?id=9&subid=9&newsid=2269.
[48] 刘永智,吴青柏,张建明,等.青藏高原多年冻土地区公路路基变形[J].冰川冻土,2002(1):10-15.
[49] 马巍,穆彦虎,谢胜波,等.青藏高速公路修筑对冻土工程走廊的热力影响及环境效应[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(5):459-464.
[50] 王锐,程培峰,韩春鹏.高纬度多年冻土区路基工后沉降变形[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(1):43-49,75.
[51] 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,西藏自治区交通厅科学研究所.西藏泥石流与环境[ M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.
[52] 王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态保护与管理研究[J].生态学杂志,2004(4):103-108.
[53] WU B,LI L J.Developing stages and causes of desertification in the Mu Us sandland[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(9):845-849.
[54] Barzani M M,Khairulmaini O S.Desertification risk mapping of the Zayandeh Rood Basin in Iran[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2013,122(5):1269-128
[55] Dasgupta A,Sastry K L N,Dhinwa P S,et al.Identifying desertification risk areas using fuzzy membership and geospatial technique- A case study,Kota District,Rajasthan[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2013,122(4):1107-1124.
[56] WANG X M.Sandy desertification:Borne on the wind[J].Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):2395-2403.
[57] 花婷,王训明.东亚干旱半干旱区沙漠化与气候变化相互影响研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(6):841-852.
[58] 王根绪,李元首,吴青柏,王一博.青藏高原冻土区冻土与植被的关系及其对高寒生态系统的影响[J].中国科学(地球科学),2006(8):743-754.
[59] Qureshi M A,YI C,XU X,et al.Glacier status during the period 1973-2014 in the Hunza Basin,Western Karakoram[J].Quaternary International,2016,444:125-136.
[60] Muhammad S,TIAN L.Changes in the ablation zones of glaciers in the western Himalaya and the Karakoram between 1972 and 2015[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,187(C):505-512.
[2] LI Y R,ZHAO J G,LI B.Loess and loess geohazards in China[M].CRC Press,2018.
[3] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[4] 徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(7):1297-1312.
[5] 彭建兵,林鸿州,王启耀,等.黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684-691.
[6] 冉敏.中亚干旱区黄土记录的过去5万年以来古气候变化历史[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[7] Haase D,Fink J,Haase G,er al.Loess in Europe-its spatial distribution based on a European loess map,scale1:2500000[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2007,26(9/10):1301-1312.
[8] Muhs D R,Cattle S R,Crouvi O,et al.LoessRecords[C]// Knippertz P ,Stuut J W.Mineral Dust:A key player in the Earth System.Berlin,Springer Verlag,2014:411-441.
[9] Jefferson I F,Evstatiev D,Karastanev D,et al.Engineering geology of loess and loess-like deposits:a commentary on the russian literature [J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3/4):333-351.
[10] 张炜,张苏民.我国黄土工程性质研究的发展[J].岩土工程学报,1995(6):80-88.
[11] 郑建国,邓国华,刘争宏,等.黄土湿陷性分布不连续对湿陷变形的影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(1):165-170.
[12] 彭建兵,吴迪,段钊,等.典型人类工程活动诱发黄土滑坡灾害特征与致灾机理[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(5):971-980.
[13] ZHAUNG J Q,PENG J B,ZHU X H,et al.Spatial distribution and susceptibility zoning of geohazards along the silk road,Xian-Lanzhou[J].Eenvironmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):1-11.
[14] 周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[15] Bockheim,Campbell,Guglielmin,et al.Distribution of Permafrost and Ground Ice in the Antarctic Region[C]// International Conference on Permafrost,2008.
[16] 万旭东.北半球末次冰盛期多年冻土分布特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2015.
[17] ZHANG T,Barry R G,Knowles K,et al.Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere 1[J].Polar Geography,2008,31(1/2):47-68.
[18] 杨永鹏,程东幸,伏慧霞.东北大兴安岭多年冻土区工程地质特征及评价[J].工程地质学报,2008(5):657-662.
[19] 曲祥民,张滨.季节冻土区水工建筑物抗冻技术研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[20] 崔鹏,胡凯衡,陈华勇,等.丝绸之路经济带自然灾害与重大工程风险[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):989-997.
[21] 马巍,王大雁.中国冻土力学研究50年回顾与展望[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):625-640.
[22] 马巍,穆彦虎,李国玉,等.多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对工程扰动及气候变化的响应[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(3):478-489.
[23] 吴青柏,朱元林,施斌.工程活动下的冻土环境研究[J].冰川冻土,2001(2):200-207.
[24] 吴青柏,牛富俊.青藏高原多年冻土变化与工程稳定性[J].科学通报,2013,58(2):115-130.
[25] 贺勤,刘正奇.毛乌素沙漠-世界沙漠暴雨中心[J].内蒙古气象,1996(3):5-15.
[26] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1974.
[27] 钟德才.中国现代沙漠动态变化及其发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,1999(3):18-23.
[28] ZHANG G,SONG J,YANG J,et al.Performance of mortar and concrete made with a fine aggregate of desert sand[J].Building & Environment,2006,41(11):1478-1481.
[29] 詹金林,水伟厚,梁永辉,等.强夯法加固沙漠土地基处理试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(S2):489-493.
[30] 赵焕庭,宋朝景,卢博,等.珊瑚礁工程地质初论——新的研究领域珊瑚礁工程地质[J].工程地质学报,1996(1):86-90.
[31] Spalding,Mark,Corinna Ravilious and Edmund Green.World Atlas of Coral Reefs[M].Berkeley,CA:University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC,2001.
[32] 袁征,余克服,王英辉,等.珊瑚礁岩土的工程地质特性研究进展[J].热带地理,2016,36(1):87-93.
[33] 孙宗勋,黄鼎成.珊瑚礁工程地质研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999(6):577-581.
[34] 张家铭,蒋国盛,汪稔.颗粒破碎及剪胀对钙质砂抗剪强度影响研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2043-2048.
[35] ZHANG H R,HOU Z L.Pattern and process of continent-continent collision orogeny:A case study of the tethys collisional orogen [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89:1539-1559.
[36] 孙宏伟,董勤,石峰.南部非洲红砂地基工程特性初探[J].建筑结构,2015,45(18):105-107,100.
[37] 彭友君,岳栋,彭博,等.安哥拉格埃路砂地层的承载力研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(S2):332-337.
[38] 于永堂,郑建国,刘争宏.安哥拉Quelo砂抗剪强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S1):136-140.
[39] 刘争宏,于永堂,唐国艺,等.安哥拉Quelo砂场地渗透特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(S2):177-182.
[40] 冷挺,唐朝生,徐丹,等.膨胀土工程地质特性研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):112-128.
[41] 王瑞江,陈其慎,聂凤军,等.关于“一带一路”地学合作若干问题的思考[J].地球学报,2016,37(4):433-440.
[42] 庄建琦,彭建兵,李同录,等.“9·17”灞桥灾难性黄土滑坡形成因素与运动模拟[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(4):747-754.
[43] LIAO Q A,LI D W,LU L,et al.Paleoproterozoic granitic gneisses of the Dinggye and LhagoiKangri areas from the higher and northern Himalaya,Tibet:geochronology and implications [J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,2008,51:240-248.
[44] PAN G,WANG L,LI R,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].J Asian Earth Sci,2012,53:3-14.
[45] 张洪瑞,侯增谦.大陆碰撞造山样式与过程:来自特提斯碰撞造山带的实例[J].地质学报,2015,89:1539-1559.
[46] 朱颖彦,杨志全,Steve ZOU,等.中巴喀喇昆仑公路冰川灾害[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(11):51-59.
[47] 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室.2018年10月17日西藏雅鲁藏布江色东普沟冰崩-碎屑流-堰塞堵江事件的初步分析成果[EB/OL].(2019-10-23)[2019-01-01].http://www.sklgp.cdut.edu.cn/default.aspx?id=9&subid=9&newsid=2269.
[48] 刘永智,吴青柏,张建明,等.青藏高原多年冻土地区公路路基变形[J].冰川冻土,2002(1):10-15.
[49] 马巍,穆彦虎,谢胜波,等.青藏高速公路修筑对冻土工程走廊的热力影响及环境效应[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(5):459-464.
[50] 王锐,程培峰,韩春鹏.高纬度多年冻土区路基工后沉降变形[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(1):43-49,75.
[51] 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,西藏自治区交通厅科学研究所.西藏泥石流与环境[ M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999.
[52] 王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态保护与管理研究[J].生态学杂志,2004(4):103-108.
[53] WU B,LI L J.Developing stages and causes of desertification in the Mu Us sandland[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(9):845-849.
[54] Barzani M M,Khairulmaini O S.Desertification risk mapping of the Zayandeh Rood Basin in Iran[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2013,122(5):1269-128
[55] Dasgupta A,Sastry K L N,Dhinwa P S,et al.Identifying desertification risk areas using fuzzy membership and geospatial technique- A case study,Kota District,Rajasthan[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2013,122(4):1107-1124.
[56] WANG X M.Sandy desertification:Borne on the wind[J].Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):2395-2403.
[57] 花婷,王训明.东亚干旱半干旱区沙漠化与气候变化相互影响研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(6):841-852.
[58] 王根绪,李元首,吴青柏,王一博.青藏高原冻土区冻土与植被的关系及其对高寒生态系统的影响[J].中国科学(地球科学),2006(8):743-754.
[59] Qureshi M A,YI C,XU X,et al.Glacier status during the period 1973-2014 in the Hunza Basin,Western Karakoram[J].Quaternary International,2016,444:125-136.
[60] Muhammad S,TIAN L.Changes in the ablation zones of glaciers in the western Himalaya and the Karakoram between 1972 and 2015[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,187(C):505-512.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |