透射波旅行时Beam层析成像方法
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摘要
无论是高精度的构造成像,还是高保真的针对岩性油藏的成像,都越来越依赖于有一个准确的浅中层速度模型(含各向异性和Q值参数模型)。随着"两宽一高"地震数据采集技术的进步,透射波相较于反射波信噪比更高,参数反演更自动化,因此利用透射波信息进行浅中层参数估计得到了特别的重视。首先从层析成像的理论框架出发,系统地论述了波动方程层析、波束层析以及射线层析的异同,剖析了参数迭代公式中各项的含义,认为层析正问题、地震数据的预条件以及模型的正则化是利用透射波旅行时层析成像方法挖掘"两宽一高"地震数据信息时应注意的几个核心问题。然后,重点介绍了加权地震走时的含义及其基于瞬时走时信息的自动化拾取策略。最后,简述了Beam束层析成像算法理论及其对观测系统的适应性,提出了MPI+OpenMP的策略缓解海量地震数据带来的存储与计算压力。海上实际地震资料的处理结果说明了透射波旅行时Beam层析处理流程在"两宽一高"地震数据处理中的可行性。
Both high-precision structural imaging and high-fidelity imaging of lithologic reservoirs rely on an accurate model of shallow and middle velocities that accounts for the medium anisotropy and its Q parameter.With the development of the technology for the acquisition of broadband,wide-azimuth,and high-density(BWH) seismic data,the parameter inversion for the transmitted wave has become more automatic thanks to the higher SNR compared to that of the reflected wave.Therefore,it has become convenient to rely on transmitted wave data for the parameter estimation of the shallow-middle velocity model.Within the theoretical framework of the tomography,this paper first presents a discussion on the similarities and differences among wave equation tomography,beam tomography and ray tomography,and analyzes the meaning of each parameter involved in the iterative formula.Subsequently,the forward problem of tomography,data preconditioning,and model regularization are identified as key problems affecting the results of the tomography based on transmission travel time using BWH seismic data.The meaning of the weighted seismic travel time is then explained,and an automatic pick-up strategy is presented,which is based on instantaneous travel time information.Finally,the theory of the beam tomography algorithm and how the algorithm adapts to the observations are briefly described,and an MPI+OpenMP strategy is proposed to alleviate the storage and computational burden required by the large amount of seismic data handled by the algorithm.A test carried out on marine data showed the feasibility for practical application of the beam tomography based on transmission travel time.
Both high-precision structural imaging and high-fidelity imaging of lithologic reservoirs rely on an accurate model of shallow and middle velocities that accounts for the medium anisotropy and its Q parameter.With the development of the technology for the acquisition of broadband,wide-azimuth,and high-density(BWH) seismic data,the parameter inversion for the transmitted wave has become more automatic thanks to the higher SNR compared to that of the reflected wave.Therefore,it has become convenient to rely on transmitted wave data for the parameter estimation of the shallow-middle velocity model.Within the theoretical framework of the tomography,this paper first presents a discussion on the similarities and differences among wave equation tomography,beam tomography and ray tomography,and analyzes the meaning of each parameter involved in the iterative formula.Subsequently,the forward problem of tomography,data preconditioning,and model regularization are identified as key problems affecting the results of the tomography based on transmission travel time using BWH seismic data.The meaning of the weighted seismic travel time is then explained,and an automatic pick-up strategy is presented,which is based on instantaneous travel time information.Finally,the theory of the beam tomography algorithm and how the algorithm adapts to the observations are briefly described,and an MPI+OpenMP strategy is proposed to alleviate the storage and computational burden required by the large amount of seismic data handled by the algorithm.A test carried out on marine data showed the feasibility for practical application of the beam tomography based on transmission travel time.
引文
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[25]SARAGIOTIS C,ALKHALIFAH T,FOMEL S.Automatic traveltime picking using instantaneous traveltime[J].Geophysics,2013,78(2):T53-T58
[26]XIE X,YANG H.The finite-frequency sensitivity kernel for migration residual moveout and its applications in migration velocity analysis[J].Geophysics,2008,73(6):S241-249
[27]LUO F,WANG H,WANG T.An iterative optimization strategy for traveltime picking using the instantaneous traveltime[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79th EAGE Annual Conference,2017:Tu-P7-05
[28]LUO F,WANG H,WU C,et al.Automatic first-breaks picking algorithm under the constraint of image segmentation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 88th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2018:2762-2766
[29]FOMEL S.Shaping regularization in geophysical-estimation problems[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29-R36
[30]YILMAZ.Seismic data analysis[M].Tulsa:Society of exploration geophysicists,2001:370-436
[31]ZHOU W,BROSSIER R,VIRIEUX J,et al.Joint fullwaveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:Areal OBC case study with gas cloud[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:1247-1251
[32]TAILLANDIER C,NOBLE M,CHAURIS H,et al.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint-state method[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCB1-WCB10
[2]HU W,MARCINKOVICH C.A sensitivity controllable target-oriented tomography algorithm[J].Expanded Abstracts of 82nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2012:1336-1340
[3]TARANTOLA A.Linearized inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1984,32(6):998-1015
[4]PRATT R G.Inverse theory applied to multisource cross-hole tomography.Part 2:Elastic wave-equation method[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1990,38(3):311-329
[5]CERVENY V,SOARES J E P.Fresnel volume ray tracing[J].Geophysics,1992,57(7):902-915.
[6]VASO D W,PETERSON J E,MAJER E L.Beyond ray tomography:Wavepaths and Fresnel volumes[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6):1790-1804
[7]KE B,ZHANG J,CHEN B,et al.Fat-ray first arrival seismic tomography and its application[J].Expanded Abstracts of 77th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007:2822-2826
[8]LIU Y,DONG L,WANG Y,et al.Sensitivity kernels for seismic Fresnel volume tomography[J].Geophysics,2009,74(5):U35-U46
[9]TARANTOLA A.Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation[M].USA:SIAM,2005:57-80
[10]王华忠,冯波,王雄文,等.特征波反演成像理论框架[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):38-49WANG H Z,FENG B,WANG X W,et al.The theoretical framework of characteristic wave inversion imaging[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(1):38-49
[11]刘玉柱,杨积忠.有效利用初至信息的偏移距加权地震层析成像方法[J].石油物探,2014,53(1):99-105LIU Y Z,YANG J Z.Offset-weighted seismic tomography aimed at using the first arrival efficiently[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(1):99-105
[12]ZHANG Z,ALKHALIFAH T.Adaptive data-selection elastic full-waveform inversion[J].Expanded Abstracts of 88th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2018:5163-5167
[13]SHIN C,CHA Y H.Waveform inversion in the Laplace domain[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173(3):922-931
[14]SHIN C,CHA Y H.Waveform inversion in the Laplace-Fourier domain[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,177(3):1067-1079
[15]冯波.数据域波动方程层析速度反演方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2015FENG B.Data domain wave equation tomography for velocity inversion[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2015
[16]FENG B,Wang H,Wu R S.Automatic traveltime inversion via sparse decomposition of seismic data[J].Geophysics,2018,83(6):R659-R668
[17]MANDELLI S,LIPARI V,FORTINI C,et al.First break tomography with TV regularization and structural constraints[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79th EAGEAnnual Conference,2017:We-P3-01
[18]KAZEI V V,KALITA M,ALKHALIFAH T.Salt-body inversion with minimum gradient support and sobolev space norm regularizations[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79th EAGE Annual Conference,2017:Th-B4-11
[19]ROMAHN S,INNANEN K A.Iterative modeling,migration,and inversion:Evaluating the well-calibration technique to scale the gradient in the full-waveform inversion process[J].Expanded Abstracts of 87th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2017:1583-1587
[20]COPPENS F.First arrival picking on common-offset trace collections for automatic estimation of static corrections[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212-1231
[21]SPAGNOLINI U.Adaptive picking of refracted first arrivals1[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(3):293-312
[22]LPEZ C,ALDANA M.Automatic first break picking in VSP data using fuzzy logic systems[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2009:4338-4343
[23]程乾生.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010:241-246CHENG Q S.Digital signal processing[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2010:241-246
[24]CHOI Y,ALKHALIFAH T,SARAGIOTIS C.Automatic picking of the first arrival event using the unwrapped-phase of the Fourier transformed wavefield[J].Expanded Abstracts of 81st Annual Internat SEGMtg,2011:4424-4428
[25]SARAGIOTIS C,ALKHALIFAH T,FOMEL S.Automatic traveltime picking using instantaneous traveltime[J].Geophysics,2013,78(2):T53-T58
[26]XIE X,YANG H.The finite-frequency sensitivity kernel for migration residual moveout and its applications in migration velocity analysis[J].Geophysics,2008,73(6):S241-249
[27]LUO F,WANG H,WANG T.An iterative optimization strategy for traveltime picking using the instantaneous traveltime[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79th EAGE Annual Conference,2017:Tu-P7-05
[28]LUO F,WANG H,WU C,et al.Automatic first-breaks picking algorithm under the constraint of image segmentation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 88th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2018:2762-2766
[29]FOMEL S.Shaping regularization in geophysical-estimation problems[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29-R36
[30]YILMAZ.Seismic data analysis[M].Tulsa:Society of exploration geophysicists,2001:370-436
[31]ZHOU W,BROSSIER R,VIRIEUX J,et al.Joint fullwaveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:Areal OBC case study with gas cloud[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:1247-1251
[32]TAILLANDIER C,NOBLE M,CHAURIS H,et al.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint-state method[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCB1-WCB10
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