轻质油品罐区流淌火灾发展特征和危害研究
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摘要
为了研究罐区储运过程中发生泄漏导致的流淌火事故,设计并搭建了流淌火燃烧试验平台。采用流淌火燃烧试验平台和CFD数值计算2种方法研究了汽油流淌燃烧特性,对比分析表明,流淌火实体试验与CFD数值计算的结果误差在可接受范围内。基于上述结论,以防火堤内储存汽油的4个2 000 m~3汽油储罐罐组为研究对象,模拟计算输油管道泄漏至防火堤内引发流淌性火灾的危害特性,得到了流淌火灾蔓延发展过程以及流淌面积、温度场等特征参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:泄漏速率保持不变时,流淌面积逐渐增大直至趋于稳定,其增长速率不断减小;流淌火发展至稳定燃烧阶段时,临近储罐被火焰包围,其中高度为5 m处的罐壁温度和辐射强度最大,温度在1 300℃左右波动,辐射强度稳定在500 k W/m~2左右。
Aimed at the leak-caused fire hazard that probably occurred in the storage and transportation of the liquid fuel in petrochemical industry,a spill fire experimental platform was designed and constructed. With the method of both experiment and CFD calculation,the spill fire property of gasoline was studied and the error between the experimental results and CFD calculation stays in an acceptable range. Based on the conclusion,the spreading characteristics and hazards of spill fire caused by the leakage in the pipeline in light oil storage tank area were studied with the method of CFD calculation. Parameters were analyzed,including the burning area,temperature field and radiation field. Results indicate that,when the leakage rate remained unchanged,the burning area increased gradually until it became stable and the growth rate decreased continuously. In stable combustion stage,the nearest tank was surrounded by flames when the spill fire in tank area developed to the stable combustion stage. The temperature fluctuated around 1 300 ℃ for the testing point with a height of 5 m,as well as the radiation stabilized at about 500 kw/m~2. The spread rule and hazard characteristics of flowing fire could provide theoretical guidance for fire and explosion prevention of leakage accidents in the storage and pipeline transportation of the liquid fuel.
Aimed at the leak-caused fire hazard that probably occurred in the storage and transportation of the liquid fuel in petrochemical industry,a spill fire experimental platform was designed and constructed. With the method of both experiment and CFD calculation,the spill fire property of gasoline was studied and the error between the experimental results and CFD calculation stays in an acceptable range. Based on the conclusion,the spreading characteristics and hazards of spill fire caused by the leakage in the pipeline in light oil storage tank area were studied with the method of CFD calculation. Parameters were analyzed,including the burning area,temperature field and radiation field. Results indicate that,when the leakage rate remained unchanged,the burning area increased gradually until it became stable and the growth rate decreased continuously. In stable combustion stage,the nearest tank was surrounded by flames when the spill fire in tank area developed to the stable combustion stage. The temperature fluctuated around 1 300 ℃ for the testing point with a height of 5 m,as well as the radiation stabilized at about 500 kw/m~2. The spread rule and hazard characteristics of flowing fire could provide theoretical guidance for fire and explosion prevention of leakage accidents in the storage and pipeline transportation of the liquid fuel.
引文
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[2]MEALYCL,BENFERME,GOTTUKDT.Liquid fuel spill fire dynamics[J].Fire Technol,2014,50(2):419-436.
[3]MEALY CL,BENFER ME,GOTTUK DT.Fire dynamics and forensic analysis of liquid fuel fires[J].Bureau of Justice Statistics,2011.
[4]BENFER ME.Spill and burning behavior of flammable liquids[D].University of Maryland,College Park,2010.
[5]王如君.泄漏油火对邻近罐的危害特性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(4):51-55.WANG Rujun.Study on the effects of the spilling oil fire on the nearby tank[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2006,2(4):51-55.
[6]刘全义,贺元骅,张辉.不同坡度对正庚烷流淌火燃烧特性的影响[J].火灾科学,2018,27(2):85-91.LIU Quanyi,HE Yuanhua,ZHANG Hui.Effects of different substrate slope on burning characteristics of n-heptane spill fire[J].Fire Science,2018,27(2):85-91.
[7]李云涛.溢油流淌火蔓延行为与燃烧特性的实验和模型研究[M].北京:清华大学,2015.
[8]CHEBBI,RACHID.Spreading of steadily-discharged oil on water in the viscous-gravity stage[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2013,98:311-316.
[9]CHEBBI,RACHID.Spreading of oil on water inthe surface-tension regime[J].Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2014,14(6):1443-1455.
[10]Li Y,Hong H,Jian S,et al.Experimental study of continuously released liquid fuel spill fires on land and water in a channel[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2018,52:21-28.
[11]徐伯乐,李元洲,任彬彬,等.高原与平原地区油池火燃烧特性对比实验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(1):206-210.XU Bole,LI Yuanzhou,REN Binbin,et al.Contrast experimental study on the combustion characteristics of the pool fire in the plateau and plain areas[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2011,11(1):206-210.
[12]黄郑华.地面油品流淌火对邻近罐的危害特性研究[C]//.中国消防协会.2003火灾科学与消防工程国际学术会议论文集.中国消防协会,2003:5.
[13]QIAO Y,WEST H H,MANNAN M S,et al.Assessment of the effects of release variables on the consequences of LNG spillage onto water using FERC models[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,130(1-2):155-162.
[14]党文义.大型LNG储罐全面积火灾研究[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(5):606-609.DANG Wenyi.Research on the full-surface pool fire of large LNGstorage tank[J].Fire Science and Technology,2017,36(5):606-609.
[15]王芳,裴建礼.石油储罐泄漏事故分析[J].河南科技,2012(8):50-51.WANG Fang,PEI Jianli.Analysis of oil tank leakage accident[J].Henan Science and Technology,2012(8):50-51.
[16]张琰,白云,王常莲,等.基于SIMPLE算法的大型浮顶油罐温度场数值模拟[J].石油工业技术监督,2015,31(9):39-43.ZHANG Yan,BAIyun,WANG Changlian,et al.Temperature field numerical simulation of large floating roof tank based on SIMPLEalgorithm[J].Technical Supervision of Petroleum Industry,2015,31(9):39-43.
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