精细城市三维地质模型垂向格网粒度计算方法
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摘要
三维格网决定了表达地质体内部属性非均质性分布特征的精细程度,故三维格网粒度的确定对精细城市三维地质建模具有十分重要的意义。基于钻孔地层厚度数据,提出了3种确定垂向格网粒度的方法——最小层厚法、逐一表达法和厚度统计法,并分析了3种方法各自的特点。它们都先计算格网粒度在单层中的最大误差;然后利用误差传递公式建立单层误差与容许误差之间的关系,获取较优格网粒度。3种方法中最小层厚法计算获取的格网粒度较小、剖分的单元格数量大,而逐一表达法和厚度统计法突出了所有地层的共同影响,计算获取的格网粒度大、剖分的单元格数量小,厚度统计法能在一定程度上反映非采样点处地层厚度分布特征。最后,结合呼和浩特地区的实际钻孔信息对上述方法进行了实例分析,结果表明,3种方法均满足容许误差的要求,可作为格网粒度的理论计算方法。
3 D grid model determines whether property model can express the heterogeneity of geological bodies, and so it has great significance for fine urban 3 D geological model to calculate suitable grid size. Based on the thickness of stratum recorded in field, this paper proposes three methods, minimum thickness method(MTM), expressed one by one(EOBO) and thickness statistics(TS), to calculate the vertical grid size and analyzes the characteristics of each method. All of three methods firstly calculate the maximum error of grid fitting per stratum, then build the relation between allowable error and maximum error of grid fitting per stratum based on error propagation formula to obtain suitable grid size. Each of three methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The grid size calculated by MTM is small and the number of itscells is large, while the grid sizes calculated by EOBO and TS, are large and the number of itscells is small, for both emphasize the influence of all strata. TS can reflect statistical characteristics of strata thickness of region to some extent. Finally, an empirical study is made on borehole data from a geological exploration. All three methods meet the required error and can be theoretical calculation methods for grid size.
3 D grid model determines whether property model can express the heterogeneity of geological bodies, and so it has great significance for fine urban 3 D geological model to calculate suitable grid size. Based on the thickness of stratum recorded in field, this paper proposes three methods, minimum thickness method(MTM), expressed one by one(EOBO) and thickness statistics(TS), to calculate the vertical grid size and analyzes the characteristics of each method. All of three methods firstly calculate the maximum error of grid fitting per stratum, then build the relation between allowable error and maximum error of grid fitting per stratum based on error propagation formula to obtain suitable grid size. Each of three methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The grid size calculated by MTM is small and the number of itscells is large, while the grid sizes calculated by EOBO and TS, are large and the number of itscells is small, for both emphasize the influence of all strata. TS can reflect statistical characteristics of strata thickness of region to some extent. Finally, an empirical study is made on borehole data from a geological exploration. All three methods meet the required error and can be theoretical calculation methods for grid size.
引文
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[2] 张慧,刘刚,陈麒玉.带约束的体元属性插值方法与可视化表达[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(6):267-272.
[3] 邹拓,刘应忠,聂国振.曲流河点坝内部构型精细研究及应用[J].现代地质,2014,28(3):611-616.
[4] 陈麒玉,刘刚,吴冲龙,等.城市地质调查中知识驱动的多尺度三维地质体模型构建方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(4):11-16.
[5] 吴冲龙,翁正平,刘刚,等.论中国“玻璃国土”建设[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(6):1-8.
[6] 林良俊,李亚民,葛伟亚,等.中国城市地质调查总体构想与关键理论技术[J].中国地质,2017,44(6):1086-1101.
[7] 陈勇,刘映,杨丽君,等.上海三维城市地质信息系统优化[J].上海国土资源,2010,31(3):23-28.
[8] 蔡向民,栾英波,郭高轩,等.北京平原第四系的三维结构[J].中国地质,2009,36(5):1021-1029.
[9] 屈红刚,潘懋,刘学清,等.城市三维地质建模及其在城镇化建设中的应用[J].地质通报,2015,34(7):1350-1358.
[10] Zhu L F,Li M J,Li C L,et al.Coupled modeling between geological structure fields and property parameter fields in 3D engineering geological space[J].Engineering Geology,2013,167(24):105-116.
[11] 王亚飞,卢树东,刘国荣,等.基于地质统计学的吉尔吉斯斯坦库鲁铜金矿三维地质建模[J].地质找矿论丛,2016,31(2):303-308.
[12] Carranza E J M.Objective selection of suitable unit cell size in data-driven modeling of mineral prospectivity[J].Computers & Geosciences,2009,35(10):2032-2046.
[13] 周为喜,陈玉华,杨永国,等.基于角点网格的煤层三维建模与可视化研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(5):53-57.
[14] Wu L X.Topological relations embodied in a generalized tri-prism(GTP)model for a 3D geoscience modeling system[J].Computers & Geosciences,2004,30(4):405-418.
[15] Ponting D K.Corner point grid geometry in reservoir simulation[C]//King P R.Proceedings of First European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1992:45-65.
[16] Palagi C L,Aziz K.Use of voronoi grid in reservoir simulation[J].SPE Advanced Technology,1994,2(2):69-77.
[17] Meng X,Duan Z,Yang Q,et al.Local PEBI grid generation method for reverse faults[J].Computers & Geosciences,2018,110:73-80.
[18] 李兆亮,潘懋,韩大匡,等.储层精细构造模型三维网格化技术[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(26):36-42.
[19] 张克信,殷鸿福,朱云海,等.史密斯地层与非史密斯地层[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(4):361-369.
[20] 《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册[M].第4版,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:159.
[21] 石振东.误差理论与曲线拟合[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2010:108-111.
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