天津盘山磨盘柿子品质分析及其产地土壤地球化学特征
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摘要
柿子是天津市蓟州区的传统果品,蓟州区盘山周边地区种植的柿子品种为磨盘柿子,磨盘柿子因产于风景秀丽的旅游胜地盘山而得名。笔者研究了盘山磨盘柿子品质指标及其产地土壤地球化学特征,研究结果表明:盘山磨盘柿子灰分平均为0.38 g/100 g,脂肪平均为0.20 g/100 g,粗纤维平均为0.67%,β-胡萝卜素平均为77.27μg/100 g,水分平均为77.92 g/100 g,维生素C(VC)平均为25.80 mg/100 g,可溶性总糖平均为14.81%,蛋白质平均为0.63 g/100 g,果实中植物大量营养元素K、N、P和中量营养元素S、Ca、Mg含量较高。盘山磨盘柿子主要分布在盘山花岗岩岩体及其周围,柿子产区的区域表层土壤及根系土土壤酸碱度环境比较适宜柿子树生长,其中表层土壤中MgO、K_2O、Mo、F含量显著高于天津市土壤背景值;根系土土壤剖面中SiO_2平均含量较高,偏砂性土壤有利于柿子树生长,大量营养元素K平均含量较高,而N、P、Corg平均含量在剖面中下部土壤中缺乏或较缺乏。根系土元素与果实品质相关性反映,产区土壤中SiO_2、Mo、P、K_2O含量优势给果实中β-胡萝卜素、VC、蛋白质等营养品质提升提供了有利条件,有利于果实高品质的形成。
Persimmon is a traditional fruit tree species in Jizhou District of Tianjin. The variety of persimmon planted in the surrounding area of Panshan in Jizhou District is Mopan persimmon. Mopan persimmon is named for its origin in Panshan,a scenic tourist resort. In this paper,the quality indexes of persimmon and the geochemical characteristics of soil in Panshan were studied. According to the results obtained,the average ash content of Panshan Mopan persimmon is 0.38 g/100 g,the average fat is 0.20 g/100 g,the average crude fiber content is 0.67%,the average content of beta-carotene is 77.27 μg/100 g,the average moisture content is 77.92 g/100 g,vitamin C is 25.80 mg/100 g on average,the average total soluble sugar is 14.81%,and the average protein content is 0.63 g/100 g.K,N,P and S,Ca,Mg,which belong to large and medium nutrient elements in soil,are the most abundant elements in the fruit of Mopan persimmon; Mopan persimmon is mainly distributed in and around Panshan granite rock mass; the values of MgO,K_2O,Mo and F in the surface soil of the production area are significantly higher than the background values of Tianjin soil; the average content of SiO_2 in root soil from top to bottom is higher,and sandiness of soil is beneficial to persimmon tree growth; the average content of K is higher,while the average content of N,P and Corg in root soil is deficient or deficient; soil acidity and alkalinity environment of surface soil and root soil in Mopan persimmon producing area is more suitable for persimmon tree growth. The correlation between root soil elements and fruit quality shows that the superiority of SiO_2,Mo,P and K_2O content in soil of production area provides favorable conditions for the improvement of nutrient quality of fruits,such as beta-carotene,VC,and protein,which is conducive to the formation of high quality fruits.
Persimmon is a traditional fruit tree species in Jizhou District of Tianjin. The variety of persimmon planted in the surrounding area of Panshan in Jizhou District is Mopan persimmon. Mopan persimmon is named for its origin in Panshan,a scenic tourist resort. In this paper,the quality indexes of persimmon and the geochemical characteristics of soil in Panshan were studied. According to the results obtained,the average ash content of Panshan Mopan persimmon is 0.38 g/100 g,the average fat is 0.20 g/100 g,the average crude fiber content is 0.67%,the average content of beta-carotene is 77.27 μg/100 g,the average moisture content is 77.92 g/100 g,vitamin C is 25.80 mg/100 g on average,the average total soluble sugar is 14.81%,and the average protein content is 0.63 g/100 g.K,N,P and S,Ca,Mg,which belong to large and medium nutrient elements in soil,are the most abundant elements in the fruit of Mopan persimmon; Mopan persimmon is mainly distributed in and around Panshan granite rock mass; the values of MgO,K_2O,Mo and F in the surface soil of the production area are significantly higher than the background values of Tianjin soil; the average content of SiO_2 in root soil from top to bottom is higher,and sandiness of soil is beneficial to persimmon tree growth; the average content of K is higher,while the average content of N,P and Corg in root soil is deficient or deficient; soil acidity and alkalinity environment of surface soil and root soil in Mopan persimmon producing area is more suitable for persimmon tree growth. The correlation between root soil elements and fruit quality shows that the superiority of SiO_2,Mo,P and K_2O content in soil of production area provides favorable conditions for the improvement of nutrient quality of fruits,such as beta-carotene,VC,and protein,which is conducive to the formation of high quality fruits.
引文
[1]张永卓.部分中国原产甜柿种质甜涩性状的鉴定及其超低温保存的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2004.Zhang Y Z. Identification and cryopreservation of sweet and astringent characters of some Chinese native persimmon germplasms[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2004.
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[3]费学谦,王劲风,周立红,等.甘、涩柿果实主要化学成份的研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(1):106-110.Fei X Q,Wang J F,Zhou L H,et al. Study on the main chemical constituents of sweet and astringent persimmon fruits[J]. Forestry Science Research,1994,7(1):106-110.
[4]王芝学.蓟州区山区果树产业发展的实证分析[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.Wang Z X. An empirical analysis on the development of fruit industry in mountainous areas of Jizhou District[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.
[5]胡青素,龚榜初,谭晓风,等.柿子的应用价值及发展前景[J].湖南农业科学,2010(1):103-106.Hu Q S,Gong B C,Tan X F,et al.Application value and development prospect of persimmon[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010(1):103-106.
[6]马兰花.柿子药用成份分析及研究[J].山西林业,2001(5):29-30.Ma L H. Analysis and study on medicinal components of persimmon[J]. Forestry of Shanxi,2001(5):29-30.
[7]张清安,陈锦屏,刘平,等.柿产品的综合开发利用[J].农牧产品开发,2001(5):23-24.Zhang Q A,Chen J P,Liu P,et al.Comprehensive development and utilization of persimmon products[J]. Development of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Products,2001(5):23-24.
[8]袁冰,徐华龙,冷平.柿果类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):277-280.Yuan B,Xu H L,Leng P. Study on the chemical constituents and contents of carotenoids in persimmon fruits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):277-280.
[9]杨福全,赵越,曾庆利.天津蓟县盘山I型-A型复合花岗岩体-区域构造环境转变的记录?[J].岩石学报,2003,23(3):529-546.Yang F Q,Zhao Y,Zeng Q L. Panshan I-A Composite Granite Body-records of regional tectonic environment transformation in Jixian,Tianjin?[J]. Journal of Rock,2003,23(3):529-546.
[10]马寅生,曾庆利,宋彪.燕山中段盘山花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP UPb年龄测定及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2007,23(3):574-565.Ma Y S,Zeng Q L,Song B. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of Panshan granite body in the middle part of Yanshan mountains and its tectonic significance[J]. Journal of Rock,2007,23(3):574-565.
[11]王季亮,李丙泽,周德星.河北省中酸性岩体地质特征及其与成矿的关系[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:202-203.Wang J L,Li B Z,Zhou D X. Geological characteristics of intermediate-acid rock body and its relationship with metallogenesis in Hebei province[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:202-203.
[12]王玉富.蓟县盘山花岗岩主体的特征及成因[J].天津地质学会志,1989,7(1):14-21.Wang Y F. Characteristics and genesis of the major of Panshan granite in Jixian county[J]. Journal of Tianjin Geological Society,1989,7(1):14-21.
[13]中国地质调查局.DZ/T0295-2016土地质量地球化学评价规范[S].China Geological Survey.DZ/T0295-2016 Standard for geochemical evaluation of land quality[S].
[14]陈恩,贾磊,朱鑫.影响从化荔枝生长及果实品质的地球化学特征[J].华南地质与矿产,2012,28(3):259-264.Chen E,Jia L,Zhu X. Geochemical characteristics for growth and fruit quality of Conghua litchi,Guangdong province[J]. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,2012,28(3):259-264.
[15]朱鑫,窦磊,黎旭荣.影响四会沙糖桔生长及果实品质的地球化学特征[J].地质学刊,2010,34(2):162-167.Zhu X,Dou L,Li X R.Geochemical character saffecting growt hand quality of sugar orange produced in Sihui[J]. Journal of Geology,2010,34(2):162-167.
[16]李新虎.土壤地球化学环境对宁夏枸杞品质的制约影响研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007:43-46.Li X H.Study on the restrictive effect of soil geochemical environment on the quality of lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2007:43-46.
[2]张青林.完全甜柿及部分雄性种质间的亲缘关系研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2004.Zhang Q L. Study on the relationship between complete persimmon and some male germplasms[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2004.
[3]费学谦,王劲风,周立红,等.甘、涩柿果实主要化学成份的研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(1):106-110.Fei X Q,Wang J F,Zhou L H,et al. Study on the main chemical constituents of sweet and astringent persimmon fruits[J]. Forestry Science Research,1994,7(1):106-110.
[4]王芝学.蓟州区山区果树产业发展的实证分析[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.Wang Z X. An empirical analysis on the development of fruit industry in mountainous areas of Jizhou District[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.
[5]胡青素,龚榜初,谭晓风,等.柿子的应用价值及发展前景[J].湖南农业科学,2010(1):103-106.Hu Q S,Gong B C,Tan X F,et al.Application value and development prospect of persimmon[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010(1):103-106.
[6]马兰花.柿子药用成份分析及研究[J].山西林业,2001(5):29-30.Ma L H. Analysis and study on medicinal components of persimmon[J]. Forestry of Shanxi,2001(5):29-30.
[7]张清安,陈锦屏,刘平,等.柿产品的综合开发利用[J].农牧产品开发,2001(5):23-24.Zhang Q A,Chen J P,Liu P,et al.Comprehensive development and utilization of persimmon products[J]. Development of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Products,2001(5):23-24.
[8]袁冰,徐华龙,冷平.柿果类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):277-280.Yuan B,Xu H L,Leng P. Study on the chemical constituents and contents of carotenoids in persimmon fruits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(10):277-280.
[9]杨福全,赵越,曾庆利.天津蓟县盘山I型-A型复合花岗岩体-区域构造环境转变的记录?[J].岩石学报,2003,23(3):529-546.Yang F Q,Zhao Y,Zeng Q L. Panshan I-A Composite Granite Body-records of regional tectonic environment transformation in Jixian,Tianjin?[J]. Journal of Rock,2003,23(3):529-546.
[10]马寅生,曾庆利,宋彪.燕山中段盘山花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP UPb年龄测定及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2007,23(3):574-565.Ma Y S,Zeng Q L,Song B. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of Panshan granite body in the middle part of Yanshan mountains and its tectonic significance[J]. Journal of Rock,2007,23(3):574-565.
[11]王季亮,李丙泽,周德星.河北省中酸性岩体地质特征及其与成矿的关系[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:202-203.Wang J L,Li B Z,Zhou D X. Geological characteristics of intermediate-acid rock body and its relationship with metallogenesis in Hebei province[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:202-203.
[12]王玉富.蓟县盘山花岗岩主体的特征及成因[J].天津地质学会志,1989,7(1):14-21.Wang Y F. Characteristics and genesis of the major of Panshan granite in Jixian county[J]. Journal of Tianjin Geological Society,1989,7(1):14-21.
[13]中国地质调查局.DZ/T0295-2016土地质量地球化学评价规范[S].China Geological Survey.DZ/T0295-2016 Standard for geochemical evaluation of land quality[S].
[14]陈恩,贾磊,朱鑫.影响从化荔枝生长及果实品质的地球化学特征[J].华南地质与矿产,2012,28(3):259-264.Chen E,Jia L,Zhu X. Geochemical characteristics for growth and fruit quality of Conghua litchi,Guangdong province[J]. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,2012,28(3):259-264.
[15]朱鑫,窦磊,黎旭荣.影响四会沙糖桔生长及果实品质的地球化学特征[J].地质学刊,2010,34(2):162-167.Zhu X,Dou L,Li X R.Geochemical character saffecting growt hand quality of sugar orange produced in Sihui[J]. Journal of Geology,2010,34(2):162-167.
[16]李新虎.土壤地球化学环境对宁夏枸杞品质的制约影响研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007:43-46.Li X H.Study on the restrictive effect of soil geochemical environment on the quality of lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2007:43-46.
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