激光共振电离质谱及其在核技术中的应用
|
摘要
激光共振电离质谱是激光共振电离技术和质谱技术相结合的一种新型质谱分析技术,具有高元素选择性和高灵敏度的特点,能有效克服商业质谱仪存在的同量异位素干扰难题。为满足复杂基体干扰下超痕量核素分析测量的需求,实验室研制了一台基于磁-电双聚焦质量分析器的激光共振电离质谱仪。该装置的质量分析器采用正向Nier-Johnson型双聚焦结构,由柱形静电分析器和扇形磁质量分析器组成。本文介绍了仪器质量分析器的结构和理论参数,并对其进行理论仿真与实验测试。结果表明,该仪器实现了方向和能量双方向聚焦,具有较小的高阶像差,仪器的水平方向放大率为0.78,质量色散达到500 mm,当源狭缝宽度0.25 mm、探测器入口狭缝宽度0.65 mm时,质量分辨率(10%峰谷)达到580左右,接近质量分辨率的理论极限605。最后,介绍了本实验室利用该仪器开展的分析测量工作,展示了该装置在强同量异位素干扰下超痕量核素测量方面的部分应用情况。
Resonance ionization mass spectrometry is a new mass spectrometry technology formed by the combination of resonance ionization technology and mass spectrometry technology, which has the characteristics of element selectivity and high sensitivity, and can effectively overcome the problem of isobaric interference faced by commercial mass spectrometer. In order to meet the application requirement of ultra-trace nuclide analysis and measurement under complex matrix interference, a laser resonance ionization mass spectrometer based on magnetic-electric double focusing mass analyzer was developed in the laboratory. A forward Nier-Johnson double focusing structure, which was consisted of a cylindrical electrostatic analyzer and a sector magnetic mass analyzer was adopted for the mass analyzer. Firstly, the structure and theoretical parameters of the mass analyzer were introduced. Secondly, the results of theoretical simulation and experimental test were given. It showed that the instrument had achieved bidirectional focusing of direction and energy, and had small higher order aberration. The horizontal magnification and mass dispersion of the instrument were 0.78 and 500 mm, respectively. When the width of the source slit was 0.25 mm and the width of the detector entrance slit was 0.65 mm, the mass resolution(10% valley) reached about 580, which was close to the theoretical limit of mass resolution. Finally, the analysis and measurement work carried out by the laboratory on the instrument was introduced, and some applications of the device in ultra-trace radionuclide measurement under strong isotope interference were shown.
Resonance ionization mass spectrometry is a new mass spectrometry technology formed by the combination of resonance ionization technology and mass spectrometry technology, which has the characteristics of element selectivity and high sensitivity, and can effectively overcome the problem of isobaric interference faced by commercial mass spectrometer. In order to meet the application requirement of ultra-trace nuclide analysis and measurement under complex matrix interference, a laser resonance ionization mass spectrometer based on magnetic-electric double focusing mass analyzer was developed in the laboratory. A forward Nier-Johnson double focusing structure, which was consisted of a cylindrical electrostatic analyzer and a sector magnetic mass analyzer was adopted for the mass analyzer. Firstly, the structure and theoretical parameters of the mass analyzer were introduced. Secondly, the results of theoretical simulation and experimental test were given. It showed that the instrument had achieved bidirectional focusing of direction and energy, and had small higher order aberration. The horizontal magnification and mass dispersion of the instrument were 0.78 and 500 mm, respectively. When the width of the source slit was 0.25 mm and the width of the detector entrance slit was 0.65 mm, the mass resolution(10% valley) reached about 580, which was close to the theoretical limit of mass resolution. Finally, the analysis and measurement work carried out by the laboratory on the instrument was introduced, and some applications of the device in ultra-trace radionuclide measurement under strong isotope interference were shown.
引文
[1]HURST G S,PAYNE M G,NAYFEH M H,JUDISH J P,WAGNER E B.Saturated twophoton resonance ionization of He(2S1)[J].Chemical Physics Letters,1975,75(3):468-472.
[2]HURST G S,PAYNE M G,KRAMER S D,YOUNG J P.Resonance ionization spectroscopy and one-atom detection[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1979,51(4):767-819.
[3]AMBARTZUMIAN R V,LETOKHOV V S.Selective two-step(STS)photoionization of atoms and photodissociation of molecules by laser radiation[J].Applied Optics,1972,11(2):354.
[4]BEEKMAN D W,CALLCOTT T A,KRAMERS D,ARAKAWA E T,HURST G S,NUSS-BAUM E.Resonance ionization source for mass spectroscopy[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry&Ion Physics,1980,34(1/2):89-97.
[5]SCHNBERG P,MOKRY C,RUNKE J,SCHNENBACH D,STBENER N,THR-POSPIECH P,TRAUTMANN N,REICH T.Application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of technetium[J].Analytical Chemistry,2017,89(17):9 077-9 082.
[6]LAATIAOUI M,LAUTH W,BACKE H,BLOCK M,ACKERMANN D,CHEAL B,CHHETRI P,DLLMANN C E,van D P,EVEN J,FERRER R,GIACOPPO F,GTZ,S,HEBBERBER F P,HUYSE M,KALEJAO,KHUYAGBAATAR J,KUNZ P,LAUTEN-SCHGER F,MISTRY A K,RAEDER S,RAMIREZ E M,WALTHER T,WRAITH C,YAKUSHEV A.Atom-at-a-time laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of nobelium[J].Nature,2016,538(7 626):495-498.
[7]CROWTHER S A,MOHAPATRA R K,TURNER G,BLAGBURN D J,GILMOUR JD.Characteristics and applications of RELAX,an ultrasensitive resonance ionization mass spectrometer for xenon[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2008,23(7):938-947.
[8]COCOLIOS T E,AL SURADI H H,BIL-LOWES J,BUDINCˇEVIC'I,de GROOTE R P,de SCHEPPER S,FEDOSSEEV V N,FLANA-GAN K T,FRANCHOO S,GARCIA RUIZ RF,HEYLEN H,LE BLANC F,LYNCH K M,MARSH B A,MASON P J R,NEYENS G,PAPUGA J,PROCTER T J,RAJABALI M M,ROSSEL R E,ROTHE S,SIMPSON G S,SMITH A J,STRASHNOV I,STROKE H H,VERNEY D,WALKER P M,WENDT K D A,WOOD R T.The collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy(CRIS)experimental setup at CERN-ISOLDE[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2013,317:565-569.
[9]IWATA Y,ITO C,HARANO H,LGUCHI T.Performance evaluation of a resonance ionization mass spectrometer developed for the FFDL system of fast reactors[J].Journal of Nuclear Science&Technology,2014,51(4):465-475.
[10]SAVINA M R,PELLIN M J,TRIPA C E,VERYOVKIN I V,CALAWAY W F,DAVIS AM.Analyzing individual presolar grains with CHARISMA[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,2003,67(17):3 215-3 225.
[11]STEPHAN T,TRAPPITSCH R,DAVIS A M,PELLIN M J,ROST D,SAVINA M,YOKO-CHI R,LIU N.CHILI-the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization-a new tool for isotope measurements in cosmochemistry[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2016,407:1-15.
[12]王文亮,李志明,沈小攀,徐江,翟利华,邓虎,韦冠一.用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(12):3 653-3 657.WANG Wenliang,LI Zhiming,SHEN Xiaopan,XU Jiang,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,WEI Guanyi.A laser resonance ionization spectroscopy apparatus for study on atomic energy level[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2017,37(12):3 653-3 657(in Chinese).
[13]沈小攀,李志明,王文亮,翟利华,邓虎,徐江,韦冠一,汪伟.激光共振电离质谱法测量锡的同位素比[J].分析化学,2017,45(3):342-347.SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,WANG Wenliang,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,XU Jiang,WEI Guanyi,WANG Wei.Measurement of tin isotope ratios by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2017,45(3):342-347(in Chinese).
[14]SHEN X P,WANG W L,ZHAI L H,DENGH,XU J,YUAN X L,WEI G Y,WANG W,FANG S,SU Y Y,LI Z M.New spectroscopic data on high-lying excited even-parity levels of atomic neodymium[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2018,145:96-98.
[15]TAYA S,HIROSE H,TSUYAMA H,MAT-SUDA H.Second-order image aberration correction of double-focusing mass spectrometers by electrostatic hexapole lens[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods,1978,152(2/3):407-414.
[16]季欧.质谱分析法[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[17]BHATIA R K,KUMAR Y,REDDY K P,YA-DAV V K,RAVISANKAR E,SAHA T K,NATARAJU V,HANDU V K.Rotation of focal plane of magnetic analyzer in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer using curved shims[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2012,313:36-40.
[18]西门纪业.电子和离子光学原理及像差导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[19]MANURA D,DAHL D.Simion manual[M].USA:Scientific Instrument Services,Inc,2008.
[20]CHEN Y C,ZHAI L H,DENG H,YUAN XL,LI Z M,ZHANG Q M.The design of electrostatic quadrupole zoom lens for fixed multicollector system at mass spectrometer[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2016,408:1-8.
[21]李志明,任向军,邓虎,徐江,翟利华,王长海,张子斌,朱凤蓉.173 Lu和174 Lu的LRIMS同位素稀释法定量[J].质谱学报,2007,28(增刊):90-91.LI Zhiming,REN Xiangjun,DENG Hu,XUJiang,ZHAI Lihua,WANG Changhai,ZHANGZibin,ZHU Fengrong.Determination of 173 Lu and 174 Lu by isotope dilution-LRIMS[J].Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2007,28(Suppl):90-91(in Chinese).
[22]李力力,李金英,赵永刚,常志远,张继龙,王同兴.多接受电感耦合等离子体质谱法精确测量铀中痕量钚的同位素方法研究[J].质谱学报,2009,26(1):6-10.LI Lili,LI Jinying,ZHAO Yonggang,CHANGZhiyuan,ZHANG Jilong,WANG Tongxing.Studies on the precise measurement of isotope of trace plutonium in uranium by MC-ICP-MS[J].Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2009,26(1):6-10(in Chinese).
[23]沈小攀,李志明,翟利华,邓虎,徐江,韦冠一.激光共振电离质谱法选择性电离铀钚混合物中的痕量钚[J].质谱学报,2013,34(5):269-273.SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,XU Jiang,WEI Guanyi.Selective ionization of trace plutonium from uranium-plutonium mixture by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2013,34(5):269-273(in Chinese).
[24]杨金铃,丁有钱,孙晓祎,黄昆,张生栋,沈小攀,李志明,徐江.激光共振电离质谱用钚源的制备及探测效率测定[J].原子能科学技术,2018,52(8):1 353-1 358.YANG Jinling,DING Youqian,SUN Xiaoyi,HUANG Kun,ZHANG Shengdong,SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,XU Jiang.Preparation of Pu source for laser resonance ionization mass spectrometer and determination of detection efficiency[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2018,52(8):1 353-1 358(in Chinese).
[25]WANG W L,SHEN X P,ZHAI L H,DENGH,LI Z M.Removal of isobaric interferences by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry for determination of 126Sn/121mSn ratio[C].International Mass Spectrometry Conference,2018.
[2]HURST G S,PAYNE M G,KRAMER S D,YOUNG J P.Resonance ionization spectroscopy and one-atom detection[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1979,51(4):767-819.
[3]AMBARTZUMIAN R V,LETOKHOV V S.Selective two-step(STS)photoionization of atoms and photodissociation of molecules by laser radiation[J].Applied Optics,1972,11(2):354.
[4]BEEKMAN D W,CALLCOTT T A,KRAMERS D,ARAKAWA E T,HURST G S,NUSS-BAUM E.Resonance ionization source for mass spectroscopy[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry&Ion Physics,1980,34(1/2):89-97.
[5]SCHNBERG P,MOKRY C,RUNKE J,SCHNENBACH D,STBENER N,THR-POSPIECH P,TRAUTMANN N,REICH T.Application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of technetium[J].Analytical Chemistry,2017,89(17):9 077-9 082.
[6]LAATIAOUI M,LAUTH W,BACKE H,BLOCK M,ACKERMANN D,CHEAL B,CHHETRI P,DLLMANN C E,van D P,EVEN J,FERRER R,GIACOPPO F,GTZ,S,HEBBERBER F P,HUYSE M,KALEJAO,KHUYAGBAATAR J,KUNZ P,LAUTEN-SCHGER F,MISTRY A K,RAEDER S,RAMIREZ E M,WALTHER T,WRAITH C,YAKUSHEV A.Atom-at-a-time laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of nobelium[J].Nature,2016,538(7 626):495-498.
[7]CROWTHER S A,MOHAPATRA R K,TURNER G,BLAGBURN D J,GILMOUR JD.Characteristics and applications of RELAX,an ultrasensitive resonance ionization mass spectrometer for xenon[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2008,23(7):938-947.
[8]COCOLIOS T E,AL SURADI H H,BIL-LOWES J,BUDINCˇEVIC'I,de GROOTE R P,de SCHEPPER S,FEDOSSEEV V N,FLANA-GAN K T,FRANCHOO S,GARCIA RUIZ RF,HEYLEN H,LE BLANC F,LYNCH K M,MARSH B A,MASON P J R,NEYENS G,PAPUGA J,PROCTER T J,RAJABALI M M,ROSSEL R E,ROTHE S,SIMPSON G S,SMITH A J,STRASHNOV I,STROKE H H,VERNEY D,WALKER P M,WENDT K D A,WOOD R T.The collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy(CRIS)experimental setup at CERN-ISOLDE[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2013,317:565-569.
[9]IWATA Y,ITO C,HARANO H,LGUCHI T.Performance evaluation of a resonance ionization mass spectrometer developed for the FFDL system of fast reactors[J].Journal of Nuclear Science&Technology,2014,51(4):465-475.
[10]SAVINA M R,PELLIN M J,TRIPA C E,VERYOVKIN I V,CALAWAY W F,DAVIS AM.Analyzing individual presolar grains with CHARISMA[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,2003,67(17):3 215-3 225.
[11]STEPHAN T,TRAPPITSCH R,DAVIS A M,PELLIN M J,ROST D,SAVINA M,YOKO-CHI R,LIU N.CHILI-the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization-a new tool for isotope measurements in cosmochemistry[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2016,407:1-15.
[12]王文亮,李志明,沈小攀,徐江,翟利华,邓虎,韦冠一.用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(12):3 653-3 657.WANG Wenliang,LI Zhiming,SHEN Xiaopan,XU Jiang,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,WEI Guanyi.A laser resonance ionization spectroscopy apparatus for study on atomic energy level[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2017,37(12):3 653-3 657(in Chinese).
[13]沈小攀,李志明,王文亮,翟利华,邓虎,徐江,韦冠一,汪伟.激光共振电离质谱法测量锡的同位素比[J].分析化学,2017,45(3):342-347.SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,WANG Wenliang,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,XU Jiang,WEI Guanyi,WANG Wei.Measurement of tin isotope ratios by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2017,45(3):342-347(in Chinese).
[14]SHEN X P,WANG W L,ZHAI L H,DENGH,XU J,YUAN X L,WEI G Y,WANG W,FANG S,SU Y Y,LI Z M.New spectroscopic data on high-lying excited even-parity levels of atomic neodymium[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2018,145:96-98.
[15]TAYA S,HIROSE H,TSUYAMA H,MAT-SUDA H.Second-order image aberration correction of double-focusing mass spectrometers by electrostatic hexapole lens[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods,1978,152(2/3):407-414.
[16]季欧.质谱分析法[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[17]BHATIA R K,KUMAR Y,REDDY K P,YA-DAV V K,RAVISANKAR E,SAHA T K,NATARAJU V,HANDU V K.Rotation of focal plane of magnetic analyzer in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer using curved shims[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2012,313:36-40.
[18]西门纪业.电子和离子光学原理及像差导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[19]MANURA D,DAHL D.Simion manual[M].USA:Scientific Instrument Services,Inc,2008.
[20]CHEN Y C,ZHAI L H,DENG H,YUAN XL,LI Z M,ZHANG Q M.The design of electrostatic quadrupole zoom lens for fixed multicollector system at mass spectrometer[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2016,408:1-8.
[21]李志明,任向军,邓虎,徐江,翟利华,王长海,张子斌,朱凤蓉.173 Lu和174 Lu的LRIMS同位素稀释法定量[J].质谱学报,2007,28(增刊):90-91.LI Zhiming,REN Xiangjun,DENG Hu,XUJiang,ZHAI Lihua,WANG Changhai,ZHANGZibin,ZHU Fengrong.Determination of 173 Lu and 174 Lu by isotope dilution-LRIMS[J].Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2007,28(Suppl):90-91(in Chinese).
[22]李力力,李金英,赵永刚,常志远,张继龙,王同兴.多接受电感耦合等离子体质谱法精确测量铀中痕量钚的同位素方法研究[J].质谱学报,2009,26(1):6-10.LI Lili,LI Jinying,ZHAO Yonggang,CHANGZhiyuan,ZHANG Jilong,WANG Tongxing.Studies on the precise measurement of isotope of trace plutonium in uranium by MC-ICP-MS[J].Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2009,26(1):6-10(in Chinese).
[23]沈小攀,李志明,翟利华,邓虎,徐江,韦冠一.激光共振电离质谱法选择性电离铀钚混合物中的痕量钚[J].质谱学报,2013,34(5):269-273.SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,ZHAI Lihua,DENG Hu,XU Jiang,WEI Guanyi.Selective ionization of trace plutonium from uranium-plutonium mixture by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2013,34(5):269-273(in Chinese).
[24]杨金铃,丁有钱,孙晓祎,黄昆,张生栋,沈小攀,李志明,徐江.激光共振电离质谱用钚源的制备及探测效率测定[J].原子能科学技术,2018,52(8):1 353-1 358.YANG Jinling,DING Youqian,SUN Xiaoyi,HUANG Kun,ZHANG Shengdong,SHEN Xiaopan,LI Zhiming,XU Jiang.Preparation of Pu source for laser resonance ionization mass spectrometer and determination of detection efficiency[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2018,52(8):1 353-1 358(in Chinese).
[25]WANG W L,SHEN X P,ZHAI L H,DENGH,LI Z M.Removal of isobaric interferences by laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry for determination of 126Sn/121mSn ratio[C].International Mass Spectrometry Conference,2018.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |