北喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆铍铷稀有金属矿床地质特征及找矿方向
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摘要
错那洞穹隆是北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带(NHGD)中发现的新成员,穹隆由核-幔-边3部分组成。核部由寒武纪花岗质片麻岩组成,幔部由早古生代云母片岩和矽卡岩化大理岩组成,边部由变质沉积岩组成。在穹隆核部侵入有大量淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩脉。通过系统的地表工程控制,在穹隆幔部中新发现了环穹隆展布、层位稳定的矽卡岩带和厚大的铍铷稀有金属工业矿体。通过对错那洞穹隆东部矿带典型矿区的解剖,初步把矿床的类型定为热液型稀有金属矿床,在碳酸盐赋矿层位中形成富铍、铷、钨、锡的矽卡岩型矿床。铍铷稀有金属矿具超大型的资源潜力,钨锡也达大型规模。错那洞铍铷稀有金属矿主要的矿床类型为矽卡岩型。此外,还有伟晶岩型稀有金属矿、锡石硫化物型锡多金属矿。文章研究矿体特征和总结矿床类型,提出了下一步的找矿方向。
The Cuonadong gneiss dome is a newly discovered dome in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes(NHGD)belt, Studies show that the Cuonadong gneiss dome is composed of three parts, the core is composed of Cambrian granitic gneiss, the mantle part is composed of Early Paleozoic mica schist and skarn marble, and the outer part is mainly composed of metamorphic sedimentary rocks. Leucogranites and a large number of pegmatite veins intruded into the core of the Cuonadong gneiss dome. A stable skarn zone and thick Be-Rb rare metal orebodies were newly found by the sparse exploration engineering surface in the mantle part around the core of the dome.Through the anatomy of a typical mining area in the east of the Cuonadong dome, the type of the deposit was preliminarily identified as a hydrothermal rare metal deposit. Skarn deposits formed in Carbonate formation are rich in Be, Rb, W and Sn. Beryllium and rubidium ore resources are estimated to be of up to superlarge size,and paragenetic W-Sn ore resources are of large scale. The main genetic type of the deposit is skarn type; besides, pegmatite rare meta ore and cassiterite-sulfide polymetallic ore were also found. Based on the study of characteristics of orebody and the summary of deposit types, the authors point out the next prospecting direction.
The Cuonadong gneiss dome is a newly discovered dome in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes(NHGD)belt, Studies show that the Cuonadong gneiss dome is composed of three parts, the core is composed of Cambrian granitic gneiss, the mantle part is composed of Early Paleozoic mica schist and skarn marble, and the outer part is mainly composed of metamorphic sedimentary rocks. Leucogranites and a large number of pegmatite veins intruded into the core of the Cuonadong gneiss dome. A stable skarn zone and thick Be-Rb rare metal orebodies were newly found by the sparse exploration engineering surface in the mantle part around the core of the dome.Through the anatomy of a typical mining area in the east of the Cuonadong dome, the type of the deposit was preliminarily identified as a hydrothermal rare metal deposit. Skarn deposits formed in Carbonate formation are rich in Be, Rb, W and Sn. Beryllium and rubidium ore resources are estimated to be of up to superlarge size,and paragenetic W-Sn ore resources are of large scale. The main genetic type of the deposit is skarn type; besides, pegmatite rare meta ore and cassiterite-sulfide polymetallic ore were also found. Based on the study of characteristics of orebody and the summary of deposit types, the authors point out the next prospecting direction.
引文
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Xu Z Q,Yang J S,Liang F H,Qi X X,Liu F L,Zeng L S,Liu D Y,Li H B,Wu C L,Shi R D and Chen S Y.2005.Pan-African and Early Paleozoic orogenic events in the Himalaya terrane:Inference from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,21(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Z Q and Ma X X.2015.The Chinese Phanerozoic gneiss domes:Subduction related type,collision-related type and combination type of subduction-collision[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(12):3509-3523(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zeng L S,Liu J,Gao L E,Xie K J and Wen L.2009.Early Oligocene anatexis in the Yardoi gneiss dome,southern Tibet and geological implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(1):104-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zeng L S,Gao L E,Tang S,Hou K,Guo C and Hu G.2014.Eocene magmatism in the Tethyan Himalaya,southern Tibet[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,412:SP412.8.
Zhang J J,Guo L and Zhang B.2007.Structure and kinematics of the Yalaxiangbo dome in the northern Himalayan dome belt,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,42(01):16-30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang J J,Yang X Y,Qi G W and Wang D C.2011.Geochronology of the Malashan dome and its application in formation of the Southern Tibet detachment system(STDS)and northern Himalayan gneiss domes(NHGD)[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(12):3535-3544(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang J Y,Liao Q A and Li D W.2003.Geochemical features of the high Himalayan leucogranites of Dingjie area,Tibet:Implication for magam sources[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,22(03):9-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Z,Zhang L K,Li G M,Liang W,Xia X B,Fu J G,Dong S Land Ma G T.2017.The Cuonadong gneiss dome of North Himalaya:A new member of gneiss dome and a new proposition for the ore-controlling role of North Himalaya gneiss domes[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,38(5):754-766(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu D C,Xia Y,Qiu B B,Wang Q and Zhao Z D.2013.Why do we need to propose the early Cretaceous Comei large igneous Province in southeastern Tibet[J]?Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(11):3659-3670(in Chinese with English abstract).
高利娥,曾令森,谢克家.2011.北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿始新世高级变质和深熔作用的厘定[J].科学通报,56(36):3078-3090.
高利娥,曾令森,侯可军,郭春丽,唐索寒,谢克家,胡古月,王莉.2013.藏南马拉山穹窿佩枯错复合淡色花岗岩体的多期深熔作用[J].科学通报,58(27):2810-2822.
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Gao L E,Zeng L S and Xie K J.2011.Eocene high grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes,southern Tibet[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,56(36):3078-3090(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao L E,Zeng L S,Hou K J,Guo C L,Tang S H,Xie K J,Hu G Y and Wang L.2013.Episodic crustal anatexis and the formation of Paiku composite leucogranitic pluton in the Malashan gneiss dome,southern Tibet[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,58(27):2810-2822(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao L E and Zeng L S.2014.Fluxed melting of metapelite and the formation of Miocene high-CaO two-mica granites in the Malashan gneiss dome,southern Tibet[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,130:136-155.
Gu P Y,He S P,Li R S,Shi C,Dong Z C,Zha X F,Wu J L and Wang Y.2013.Geochemical features and tectonic significance of granitic gneiss of Laguigangri metamorphic core complexes in southern Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(3):756-768(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu G Y,Zeng L S,Gao L E and Xie K J.2011.Lanthanide kinked shape,similar to tetrad effect,observed in sub-volcanic rocks from Qiaga,southern Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,30(1):82-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lee J,Hacher B R,Dinklage W S,Wang Y,Gans P,Calvert A,Wan J,Chen W,Blythe A E and Mcclelland W.2000.Evolution of the Kangmar dome,southern Tibet:Structural,petrologic and thermochronologic constraints[J].Tectonics,19(5):872-895.
Lee J,Hacker B and Wang Y.2004.Evolution of North Himalayan gneiss domes:Structural and metamorphic studies in Mabja Dome,southern Tibet[J].Journal of Structural Geology,26(12):2297-2316.
Lee J,Mcclelland W,Wang Y,Blythe A and Mcwilliams M.2006.Oligocene-Miocene middle crustal flow in southern Tibet:Geochronology of Mabja dome[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,268(1):445-469.
Lee J and Whitehouse M J.2007.Onset of mid-crustal extensional flow in southern Tibet:Evidence from U/Pb zircon ages[J].Geology,35(1):45.
Leech M L.2008.Does the Karakoram fault interrupt mid-crustal channel flow in the western Himalaya[J]?Earth and Planetary Science Letters,276(3):314-322.
Li D W,Liu D M,Liao Q A,Zhang X H and Yuan Y M.2003.Definition and significance of the Lhagoi Kanggri metamorphic core complexes in Sagya,southern Tibet[J].Geological Bulletin of China,22(5):303-307(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li G M,Zhang L K,Jiao Y J,Xia X B,Dong S L,Fu J G,Liang W,Zhang Z,Wu J Y,Dong L and Huang Y.2017.First discovery and implications of Cuonadong superlarge Be-W-Sn polymetallic deposit in Himalayan metallogenic belt,southern Tibet[J].Mineral Deposits,36(4):1003-1008(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li J K,Zou T R,Wang D H and Ding X.2017.A review of beryllium metallogenic regularity in China[J].Mineral Deposits,36(4):951-978(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin B,Tang J X,Zheng W B,Leng Q F,Lin X,Wang Y Y,Meng Z,Tang P,Ding S,Xu Y F and Yuan M.2016.Geochemical characteristics,age and genesis of Cuonadong leucogranite,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,35(3):391-406(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Z C,Wu F Y,Ding L,Liu X C,Wang J G and Ji W Q.2016.Highly fractionated Late Eocene(~35 Ma)leucogranite in the Xiaru dome,Tethyan Himalaya,south Tibet[J].Lithos,240-243:337-354.
Smit M A,Hacher B R and Lee J.2014.Tibetan garnet records Early Eocene initiation of thickening in the Himalaya[J].Geology,42(7):591-594.
Xu Z Q,Yang J S,Liang F H,Qi X X,Liu F L,Zeng L S,Liu D Y,Li H B,Wu C L,Shi R D and Chen S Y.2005.Pan-African and Early Paleozoic orogenic events in the Himalaya terrane:Inference from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,21(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Z Q and Ma X X.2015.The Chinese Phanerozoic gneiss domes:Subduction related type,collision-related type and combination type of subduction-collision[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(12):3509-3523(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zeng L S,Liu J,Gao L E,Xie K J and Wen L.2009.Early Oligocene anatexis in the Yardoi gneiss dome,southern Tibet and geological implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(1):104-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zeng L S,Gao L E,Tang S,Hou K,Guo C and Hu G.2014.Eocene magmatism in the Tethyan Himalaya,southern Tibet[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,412:SP412.8.
Zhang J J,Guo L and Zhang B.2007.Structure and kinematics of the Yalaxiangbo dome in the northern Himalayan dome belt,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,42(01):16-30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang J J,Yang X Y,Qi G W and Wang D C.2011.Geochronology of the Malashan dome and its application in formation of the Southern Tibet detachment system(STDS)and northern Himalayan gneiss domes(NHGD)[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(12):3535-3544(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang J Y,Liao Q A and Li D W.2003.Geochemical features of the high Himalayan leucogranites of Dingjie area,Tibet:Implication for magam sources[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,22(03):9-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Z,Zhang L K,Li G M,Liang W,Xia X B,Fu J G,Dong S Land Ma G T.2017.The Cuonadong gneiss dome of North Himalaya:A new member of gneiss dome and a new proposition for the ore-controlling role of North Himalaya gneiss domes[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,38(5):754-766(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu D C,Xia Y,Qiu B B,Wang Q and Zhao Z D.2013.Why do we need to propose the early Cretaceous Comei large igneous Province in southeastern Tibet[J]?Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(11):3659-3670(in Chinese with English abstract).
高利娥,曾令森,谢克家.2011.北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿始新世高级变质和深熔作用的厘定[J].科学通报,56(36):3078-3090.
高利娥,曾令森,侯可军,郭春丽,唐索寒,谢克家,胡古月,王莉.2013.藏南马拉山穹窿佩枯错复合淡色花岗岩体的多期深熔作用[J].科学通报,58(27):2810-2822.
辜平阳,何世平,李荣社,时超,董增产,查显锋,吴继莲,王轶.2013.藏南拉轨岗日变质核杂岩核部花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征及构造意义[J].岩石学报,29(3):756-768.
胡古月,曾令森,高利娥,谢克家.2011.藏南隆子地区恰嘎流纹质次火山岩稀土元素类似四分组效应[J].地质通报,30(1):82-94.
李德威,刘德民,廖群安,张雄华,袁晏明.2003.藏南萨迦拉轨岗日变质核杂岩的厘定及其成因[J].地质通报,22(05):303-307.
李光明,张林奎,焦彦杰,夏祥标,董随亮,付建刚,梁维,张志,吴建阳,董磊,黄勇.2017.西藏喜马拉雅成矿带错那洞超大型铍锡钨多金属矿床的发现及意义[J].矿床地质,36(4):1003-1008.
李建康,邹天人,王登红,丁欣.2017.中国铍矿成矿规律[J].矿床地质,36(4):951-978.
林彬,唐菊兴,郑文宝,冷秋锋,林鑫,王艺云,孟展,唐攀,丁帅,徐云峰,袁梅.2016.西藏错那洞淡色花岗岩地球化学特征、成岩时代及岩石成因[J].岩石矿物学杂志,35(3):391-406.
许志琴,杨经绥,梁风华,戚学祥,刘福来,曾令森,刘敦一,李海兵,吴才来,史仁灯,陈松永.2005.喜马拉雅地体的泛非-早古生代造山事件年龄记录[J].岩石学报,21(1):1-12.
许志琴,马绪宣.2015.中国大陆显生宙俯冲型、碰撞型和复合型片麻岩穹窿(群)[J].岩石学报,31(12):3509-3523.
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