神府矿区大型水库旁烧变岩水保水开采技术研究
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摘要
神府矿区是我国重要的煤炭生产基地和典型的高强度开采矿区,同时也是我国典型的干旱半干旱生态环境脆弱区,烧变岩水是区内的主要地下水资源之一。为研究区内烧变岩水对采煤的影响和烧变岩水的保护问题,以张家峁井田首采区首采地段5~(-2)煤开采为例,通过对水文地质结构系统和5~(-2)煤顶板导水裂隙带的分析,查明了研究区的水资源类型和特征,确立了5~(-2)煤保水开采对象,划分了5~(-2)煤保水开采分区,提出了烧变岩注浆帷幕截流保水开采新技术。研究结果表明:研究区的水资源类型主要有6类,其中仅有4~(-2)煤烧变岩水具有保水开采意义,5~(-2)煤开采划分为4~(-2)煤烧变岩水无水开采区和保水限采区。5~(-2)煤保水限采区设计的帷幕墙空间形态、帷幕线位置及数量、注浆钻孔排间距及结构合理,制定的钻探和注浆施工工序和工艺科学,实施的双位双向引流注浆、烧变岩全断面分区注浆、防渗截流效果即时检验等注浆帷幕关键技术可行。保水限采区5~(-2)煤工作面采前上覆4~(-2)煤烧变岩水预疏放和采后工作面涌水量实测结果表明,保水限采区内4~(-2)煤烧变岩水静储量约20 000 m~3,动态补给量不足5 m~3/h,注浆帷幕截流实现了帷幕内外4~(-2)煤烧变岩水的有效隔离,大幅减少了4~(-2)煤烧变岩水及与其有直接水力联系的常家沟水库水的排放,水资源保护性开采效果显著。
Shenfu mining area is a China’s important coal production base and a typical high intensity mining field,and also a typical fragile ecological environment of arid and semi-arid areas,in which the burnt rock aquifer is one of the main groundwater resources.In order to study the influence and the protection of the burnt rock aquifer,taking the 5~(-2) coal mining in the first mining area of Zhangjiamao Mine field as an example,by studying the hydrogeological structure system and the water flowing fractured zone of 5~(-2) coal roof,this paper investigates the types and characteristics of water resources,establishes the water-preserved mining target of 5~(-2) coal seam,divides the water-preserved coal mining partition of 5~(-2) coal seam,and puts forward a new water-preserved coal mining technology which is burnt rock grouting curtain interception method.The results show that there are six main types of water resources in the study area,where only the burnt rock aquifer of 4~(-2) coal seam has the significance of water-preserved mining and the 5~(-2) coal mining area is divided into anhydrous mining area and water-preserved limited mining area of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer.In the water-preserved limited mining area of 5~(-2) coal seam,the designed curtain wall spatial morphology,the position and quantity of curtain line and the row spacing and structure of grouting drilling are reasonable.In addition,the procedure and processes of drilling and grouting planed are scientific,and the implemented key technologies of grouting curtain,such as dual-site bidirectional water diversion grouting,zoning grouting of burnt rock full section,immediate test of anti-seepage and interception effect,are feasible.The pre-drainage of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer of the working face before mining,and the measurement of the working face water inflow after mining in the water-preserved limited mining area of 5~(-2) coal seam show that the static reserve and the dynamic recharge of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer water quantity are about 20 000 m~3 and less than 5 m~3 per hour respectively.It means the grouting curtain closure realizes the effective isolation of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock water inside and outside the curtain,and greatly reduces the water discharge of the 4~(-2) coal-burnt rock water and the Changjiagou reservoir water with which it has direct hydraulic connection,and the protective mining effect of water resources is remarkable.
Shenfu mining area is a China’s important coal production base and a typical high intensity mining field,and also a typical fragile ecological environment of arid and semi-arid areas,in which the burnt rock aquifer is one of the main groundwater resources.In order to study the influence and the protection of the burnt rock aquifer,taking the 5~(-2) coal mining in the first mining area of Zhangjiamao Mine field as an example,by studying the hydrogeological structure system and the water flowing fractured zone of 5~(-2) coal roof,this paper investigates the types and characteristics of water resources,establishes the water-preserved mining target of 5~(-2) coal seam,divides the water-preserved coal mining partition of 5~(-2) coal seam,and puts forward a new water-preserved coal mining technology which is burnt rock grouting curtain interception method.The results show that there are six main types of water resources in the study area,where only the burnt rock aquifer of 4~(-2) coal seam has the significance of water-preserved mining and the 5~(-2) coal mining area is divided into anhydrous mining area and water-preserved limited mining area of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer.In the water-preserved limited mining area of 5~(-2) coal seam,the designed curtain wall spatial morphology,the position and quantity of curtain line and the row spacing and structure of grouting drilling are reasonable.In addition,the procedure and processes of drilling and grouting planed are scientific,and the implemented key technologies of grouting curtain,such as dual-site bidirectional water diversion grouting,zoning grouting of burnt rock full section,immediate test of anti-seepage and interception effect,are feasible.The pre-drainage of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer of the working face before mining,and the measurement of the working face water inflow after mining in the water-preserved limited mining area of 5~(-2) coal seam show that the static reserve and the dynamic recharge of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock aquifer water quantity are about 20 000 m~3 and less than 5 m~3 per hour respectively.It means the grouting curtain closure realizes the effective isolation of the 4~(-2) coal burnt rock water inside and outside the curtain,and greatly reduces the water discharge of the 4~(-2) coal-burnt rock water and the Changjiagou reservoir water with which it has direct hydraulic connection,and the protective mining effect of water resources is remarkable.
引文
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[2]范立民,马雄德,杨泽元.论榆神府区煤炭开发的生态水位保护[J].矿床地质,2010,29(S1):1043-1044.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,YANG Zeyuan.On the ecological water level of coal exploitation in Yushenfu area protection[J].Mineral Deposits,2010,29(S1):1043-1044.
[3]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.WANG Shuangming,HUANG Qingxiang,FAN Limin,et al.Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):7-14.
[4]范立民.神木矿区的主要环境地质问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6):37-40.FAN Limin.Environmental geology in Shenmu mining area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1992,19(6):37-40.
[5]王双明,范立民,杨宏科.陕北煤炭资源可持续发展之开发思路[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(5):6-8,11.WANG Shuangming,FAN Limin,YANG Hongke.Some thoughts on sustainable development of northen Shaanxi coal resources[J].Coal Geology of China,2003,15(5):6-8,11.
[6]范立民.论保水采煤问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):53-56.FAN Limin.Disscussing on coal mining under water-containing condition[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2005,33(5):53-56.
[7]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,MIAO Xiexing.Green technique in coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-348.
[8]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1-4.MIAO Xiexing,PU Hai,BAI Haibo.Principle of water-resisting key strata and its application in water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):1-4.
[9]黄庆享.浅埋煤层覆岩隔水性与保水开采分类[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S2):3622-3627.HUANG Qingxiang.Impermeability of overburden rock in shallow buriedcoalseam and classification of water conservation mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S2):3622-3627.
[10]黄庆享,张文忠.浅埋煤层条带充填保水开采岩层控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[11]张吉雄.矸石直接充填综采岩层移动控制及其应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008:12-13.ZHANG Jixiong.Study on strata movement controlling by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal winning technology and its engineering applications[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008:12-13.
[12]刘建功,赵利涛.基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1545-1551.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Litao.Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1545-1551.
[13]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Waterpreserved mining with the method named“backfilling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[14]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.The progress of research and engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western ecoenvironment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[15]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao.Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
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