140kaBP以来南海西南部上升流影响区沉积记录及其古海洋环境变化
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摘要
对南海西南部现代上升流区沉积物柱样BIS-187-61孔有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸盐等各沉积组分进行了详细的分析,试图探讨末次间冰期(MIS 5)以来南海西南部夏季上升流影响区沉积过程及其所反映的海洋环境变化过程。研究结果发现,140kaBP以来该孔沉积记录期总体表现为:碳酸盐百分含量冰期低间冰期高,主要受周边陆源物质输入稀释的控制,为典型的"大西洋型碳酸盐旋回",有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸钙以及陆源沉积物的堆积速率均在MIS 2期、MIS 4期和MIS 5e期出现高值。其中,MIS 2期和MIS 4期生源和陆源沉积堆积速率增加可能与冰期时冬季风增强及海平面下降导致陆源营养物质输入增加对初级生产力的刺激有关,也可能与陆源物质输入增加对海洋生源颗粒物输出的压载作用增强有关。而MIS 5e期南海海平面高度与现代相仿,间冰期较强的夏季风引起的越南沿岸上升流增强是导致该时段本研究区域表层初级生产力增强,沉积物总堆积速率及各组分堆积速率都相应增加的主要原因。
Main sediment components in the modern upwelling area of the southwestern South China Sea during the last 140,000 years were analyzed for a gravity core retrieved by the SONNE187 cruise in 2006,aiming to reveal the marine environmental changes in the southwestern South China Sea since the last interglacial.During the last 140,000 years,the mass percent of carbonate was generally high in interglacial but low in glacial periods,as the typical"Atlantic type of carbonate",suggesting strong influences of the terrestrial input in the southwestern South China Sea.Relatively high accumulation rate of organic carbon,biogenic opal and lithogenic components was found in MIS 2 and MIS 4,related to the enhanced primary productivity provoked by the increase in terrestrial input nutrients,as a result of strengthened winter monsoon and the decline of sea level during the ice age;It might also be related to the enhanced ballast effect of the lithogenic matters of sinking particles during the ice age.At the peak of the last interglacial period(MIS 5e),strengthened upwelling off Vietnam coast induced by stronger summer monsoon was responsible for the increase in primary productivity and accumulation of both biogenic and lithogenic sediments.
Main sediment components in the modern upwelling area of the southwestern South China Sea during the last 140,000 years were analyzed for a gravity core retrieved by the SONNE187 cruise in 2006,aiming to reveal the marine environmental changes in the southwestern South China Sea since the last interglacial.During the last 140,000 years,the mass percent of carbonate was generally high in interglacial but low in glacial periods,as the typical"Atlantic type of carbonate",suggesting strong influences of the terrestrial input in the southwestern South China Sea.Relatively high accumulation rate of organic carbon,biogenic opal and lithogenic components was found in MIS 2 and MIS 4,related to the enhanced primary productivity provoked by the increase in terrestrial input nutrients,as a result of strengthened winter monsoon and the decline of sea level during the ice age;It might also be related to the enhanced ballast effect of the lithogenic matters of sinking particles during the ice age.At the peak of the last interglacial period(MIS 5e),strengthened upwelling off Vietnam coast induced by stronger summer monsoon was responsible for the increase in primary productivity and accumulation of both biogenic and lithogenic sediments.
引文
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[5]WIESNER M G.Fluxes of pariculate matter in the South China Sea[J].Particle Flux in the Ocean,Scope 57,1996:293-312.
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[8]Hanebuth T,Stattegger K,Grootes P M.Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf:a late-glacial sea-level record[J].Science,2000,288(5468):1033-1035.
[9]Ragueneau O,Tréguer P,Leynaert A,et al.A review of the Si cycle in the modern ocean:recent progress and missing gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity proxy[J].Global and Planetary Change,2000,26(4):317-365.
[10]Wells M L,Vallis G K,Silver E A.Tectonic processes in Papua New Guinea and past productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean[J].Nature,1999,398(6728):601.
[11]Archer D,Lyle M,Rodgers K,et al.What controls opal preservation in tropical deep-sea sediments?[J].Paleoceanography,1993,8(1):7-21.
[12]DeMaster D J.The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica acta,1981,45(10):1715-1732.
[13]Mortlock R A,Froelich P N.A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1989,36(9):1415-1426.
[14]Hurd D C,Theyer F.Changes in the physical and chemical properties of biogenic silica from the central equatorial Pacific;Part II,Refractive index,density,and water content of acid-cleaned samples[J].American Journal of Science,1977,277(9):1168-1202.
[15]Mortlock R A,Froelich P N.A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1989,36(9):1415-1426.
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[21]王汝建,李建.南海ODP1143站第四纪高分辨率的蛋白石记录及其古生产力意义[J].科学通报,2003,48(1):74-77.[WANG Rujian,LI Jian.Quaternary high resolution opal record and its paleoproductivity implication at ODP site 1143,southern South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(1):74-77.]
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[23]Zhao M,Huang C Y,Wang C C,et al.A millennial-scale U37K′sea-surface temperature record from the South China Sea(8N)over the last 150kar:Monsoon and sea-level influence[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2006,236(1):39-55.
[24]Wang P X,Min Q B,Bian Y H,et al.Planktonic foraminifera in the continental slope of the northern South China Sea during the last 130,000years and their paleo-oceanographic implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1986,60(3):215-225.
[25]Liu Z,Zhao Y,Colin C,et al.Source-to-sink transport processes of fluvial sediments in the South China Sea[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2016,153:238-273.
[26]Stevenson F J,Cheng C N.Organic geochemistry of the Argentine Basin sediments:carbon-nitrogen relationships and Quaternary correlations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1972,36(6):653-671.
[27]Emerson S,Hedges J I.Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments[J].Paleoceanography,1988,3(5):621-634.
[28]Thunell R C,Qingmin M,Calvert S E,et al.Glacial-Holocene biogenic sedimentation patterns in the South China Sea:Productivity variations and surface water pCO2[J].Paleoceanography,1992,7(2):143-162.
[29]Sarnthein M,Winn K,Duplessy J C,et al.Global variations of surface ocean productivity in low and mid latitudes:influence on CO2reservoirs of the deep ocean and atmosphere during the last 21,000years[J].Paleoceanography,1988,3(3):361-399.
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[31]黄宝琦,翦知盡,林慧玲.南海东北部晚第四纪古生产力变化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(2):65-68.[HUANGBaoqi,JIAN Zhimin,LIN Huiling.Late Quaternary chan-ges of paleoproductivity in the northeastern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2000,20(2):65-68.]
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[33]青子琪,刘连文,郑洪波.越南岸外夏季上升流区22万年来东亚季风的沉积与地球化学记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):68-72.[QING Ziqi,LIU Lianwen,ZHENGHongbo.Sedimentological and geochemical records of East A-sian Monsoon in summer upwelling region off the coast of Vietnam for the past 220ka[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2005,25(2):68-72.]
[34]黄宝琦,翦知盡.越南岸外晚第四纪上升流与东亚夏季风变迁[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(6):518-526.[HUANG Baoqi,JIAN Zhimin.Late Quaternary coastal upwelling and variations of the East Asian summer Monsoon off the Vietnam coast[J].Quaternary Research,1999,19(6):518-526.]
[35]向菲,王汝建,李建如,等.越南岸外上升流区48万年来高分辨率的生源组分记录及其古海洋学意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(6):81-89.[XIANG Fei,WANG Rujian,LIJianru,et al.High-resolution records of biogenic components and their Paleoceanographic implications in the upper upwelling area of the South China Sea off eastern Viet-nam over past 480ka[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2006,26(6):81-89.]
[36]苏翔,刘传联,李建如.越南岸外上升流区45万年来上层海水变化的颗石藻证据[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27:71-76.[SU Xiang,LIU Chuanlian,LI Jianru.Coccolith evidence for variations in upper ocean water in upwelling area off the coast of Viet-nam for the past 450ka[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2007,27:71-76.]
[37]梅西,张驯华,郑洪波,等.南海南部120ka以来元素地球化学记录的东亚夏季风变迁[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2010,29(2):134-141.[MEI Xi,ZHANG Xunhua,ZHENG Hongbo,et al.Element Geo-chemical record in southern South China Sea sediments during the past 120ka and its implications for East Asian summer Mon-soon variation[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geo-Chemistry,2010,29(2):134-141.]
[38]Pennington J T,Chavez F P.Seasonal fluctuations of temperature,salinity,nitrate,chlorophyll and primary production at station H3/M1over 1989-1996in Monterey Bay,California[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2000,47(5-6):947-973.
[39]Ning X R,Chai F,Xue H,et al.Physical-biological oceanographic coupling influencing phytoplankton and primary production in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2004,109(C10).
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