西藏弄如日金矿床花岗斑岩年代学与岩石成因
|
摘要
弄如日矿区发育中新世浅成花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩两类岩体,本文对这两类花岗斑岩体进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年和系统的岩体地质、岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩近于同期侵入,前者为未分异或弱分异花岗岩,后者为高分异花岗岩。花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩的侵位年龄测试结果表明,前者形成时代为20. 3±0. 8Ma,后者形成于20. 20±0. 41Ma～20. 51±0. 52Ma。花岗闪长斑岩具有低硅、低钾、低碱、高铝的特点,SiO_2介于63. 37%～66. 78%之间,Al2O3变化于15. 14%～16. 04%,Na_2O+K_2O=4. 46%～5. 33%,A/CNK=1. 13～1. 26,稀土总量高,重稀土和Y含量低,具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学特点,主体为Ⅰ型花岗岩。二长花岗斑岩具有高硅、高钾、高碱、低铝、稀土总量低的特点,SiO_2=70. 46%～77. 17%,Al_2O_3=12. 22%～15. 06%,Na_2O+K_2O=7. 14%～7. 98%,A/CNK=1. 03～1. 21,稀土总量低,为Ⅰ型花岗岩。两种岩石稀土元素分配典线呈右倾型,均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr);此外,花岗闪长斑岩轻重稀土分馏明显,而二长花岗斑岩中稀土和重稀土分馏不明显。花岗闪长斑岩形成于弄如日矿区加厚下地壳中变基性岩的部分熔融,变基性岩很可能是榴辉岩(可能含有角闪石),部分熔融后的残留物以石榴石为主,含金红石。二长花岗斑岩可能是由花岗闪长斑岩浆通过分离结晶衍生而来,分离结晶的矿物包括斜长石、黑云母、钾长石、钛铁矿、榍石、磷灰石等。综合研究表明,弄如日金矿成矿时代略晚于花岗闪长斑岩侵位,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩及其分异的二长花岗斑岩关系密切。花岗闪长斑岩及二长花岗斑岩的侵位时代及成因研究,对揭示弄如日金矿矿床成因有重要意义,也为区域寻找该类矿床指明了方向。
In Nongruri mineral district,there occurred Miocene hypabyssal granodiorite-porphyry and monzogranite porphyry intrusions. Base on the study of LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating,field geological features,petrography and geochemical characteristics,we found these two kinds of intrusions may be formed in a simultaneous magmatic activity. The granodiorite porphyry is undifferentiated or weakly differentiated,while the monzogranite porphyry is strongly differentiated. The crystallization ages of the granodiorite and monzogranite porphyry intrusions are ca. 20. 3 Ma and ca. 20. 2 ～ 20. 5 Ma,respectively. The granodiorite porphyry is characterized by relatively low silicon( SiO_2= 63. 37% ～ 66. 78%),potassium,alkali( Na_2O + K_2O = 4. 46% ～ 5. 33%) and aluminum( Al_2O_3=15. 14% ～ 16. 04%) contents,with a high ∑REE and HREE abundances and low Y contents. Thus,this kind of intrusions has an adakitic and I-type affinity. Similar to some I-type granites,monzogranite porphyry has high silicon( SiO_2= 70. 46% ～ 77. 17%),potassium,alkali( Na_2O + K_2O = 7. 14% ～ 7. 98%) and aluminum( Al_2O = 12. 22% ～ 15. 06%) contents,with a relatively low Y and ∑REE abundances. Both of them are rich in large ion lithophile elements( Rb,Ba,etc.) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta and Zr),with high La/Yb ratios. The granodiorite porphyry show obviously fractionated REE patterns,while the REE patterns of monzogranite porphyry is different from those of them. The granodiorite porphyry is formed by the melting of the metalmafic rocks with garnets and a small amount of rutiles in the residue from thicken lower crust,and these metal-mafic rocks might be eclogites and probably with some hornblende components. The monzogranite porphyry may be generated by fractional crystallization of the magma of the granodiorite porphyry,and mineral assemblages formed during this process include plagioclase,biotite,K-feldspar,ilmenite,sphene and apatite. Besides,metallogenic epoch of the gold in this region is latter than the emplacement time of granodiorite porphyry,and the formation of the deposit is most likely related to the development of the granodiorite porphyry and monzogranite porphyry. Consequently,our research on geochronology and petrogenesis of these porphyries is of great significance in revealing the genesis of the gold deposits in Nongruri,and thus providing important clues to the mineral prospecting in this area.
In Nongruri mineral district,there occurred Miocene hypabyssal granodiorite-porphyry and monzogranite porphyry intrusions. Base on the study of LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating,field geological features,petrography and geochemical characteristics,we found these two kinds of intrusions may be formed in a simultaneous magmatic activity. The granodiorite porphyry is undifferentiated or weakly differentiated,while the monzogranite porphyry is strongly differentiated. The crystallization ages of the granodiorite and monzogranite porphyry intrusions are ca. 20. 3 Ma and ca. 20. 2 ～ 20. 5 Ma,respectively. The granodiorite porphyry is characterized by relatively low silicon( SiO_2= 63. 37% ～ 66. 78%),potassium,alkali( Na_2O + K_2O = 4. 46% ～ 5. 33%) and aluminum( Al_2O_3=15. 14% ～ 16. 04%) contents,with a high ∑REE and HREE abundances and low Y contents. Thus,this kind of intrusions has an adakitic and I-type affinity. Similar to some I-type granites,monzogranite porphyry has high silicon( SiO_2= 70. 46% ～ 77. 17%),potassium,alkali( Na_2O + K_2O = 7. 14% ～ 7. 98%) and aluminum( Al_2O = 12. 22% ～ 15. 06%) contents,with a relatively low Y and ∑REE abundances. Both of them are rich in large ion lithophile elements( Rb,Ba,etc.) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta and Zr),with high La/Yb ratios. The granodiorite porphyry show obviously fractionated REE patterns,while the REE patterns of monzogranite porphyry is different from those of them. The granodiorite porphyry is formed by the melting of the metalmafic rocks with garnets and a small amount of rutiles in the residue from thicken lower crust,and these metal-mafic rocks might be eclogites and probably with some hornblende components. The monzogranite porphyry may be generated by fractional crystallization of the magma of the granodiorite porphyry,and mineral assemblages formed during this process include plagioclase,biotite,K-feldspar,ilmenite,sphene and apatite. Besides,metallogenic epoch of the gold in this region is latter than the emplacement time of granodiorite porphyry,and the formation of the deposit is most likely related to the development of the granodiorite porphyry and monzogranite porphyry. Consequently,our research on geochronology and petrogenesis of these porphyries is of great significance in revealing the genesis of the gold deposits in Nongruri,and thus providing important clues to the mineral prospecting in this area.
引文
Andersen T.2002.Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report204Pb.Chemical Geology,192(1-2):59-79
Ayres M and Harris N.1997.REE fractionation and Nd-isotope disequilibrium during crustal anatexis:Constraints from Himalayan leucogranites.Chemical Geology,139(1-4):249-269
Bacon CR and Druitt TH.1988.Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama,Crater Lake,Oregon.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,98(2):224-256
Beard JS and Lofgren GE.1991.Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1,3,and 6.9kb.Journal of Petrology,32(2):365-401
Boynton WV.1984.Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:Meteorite studies.In:Henderson P(ed.).Rare Earth Element Geochemistry.Amsterdam:Elsevier,63-114
Chappell BW and Stephens WE.1988.Origin of infracrustal(I-type)granite magmas.Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,79(2-3):71-86
Chappell BW.1999.Aluminium saturation in I-and S-type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites.Lithos,46(3):535-551
Chappell BW and White AJR.2001.Two contrasting granite types:25years later.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,48(4):489-499
Chung SL,Liu DJ,Ji JQ,Chu MF,Lee HY,Wen DJ,Lo CH,Lee TY,Qian Q and Zhang Q.2003.Adakites from continental collision zones:Melting of thickened lower crust beneath southern Tibet.Geology,31(11):1021-1024
Chung SL,Chu MF,Ji JQ,O'Reilly SY,Pearson NJ,Liu DY,Lee TYand Lo CH.2009.The nature and timing of crustal thickening in Southern Tibet:Geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic constraints from postcollisional adakites.Tectonophysics,477(1-2):36-48
Collins WJ and Richards SW.2008.Geodynamic significance of S-type granites in circum-Pacific orogens.Geology,36(7):559-562
Corfu F,Hanchar JM,Hoskin PWO and Kinny P.2003.Atlasof zircon textures.In:Hanchar JM and Hoskin PWO(eds).Zircon.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,53:469-499
Davidson J,Turner S,Handley H,Mac Pherson C and Dosseto A.2007.Amphibole“sponge”in arc crust?Geology,35(9):787-790
Dong GC,Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Huo TY,Wang LL and Chen T.2005.Geochronologic constraints on the magmatic underplating of the Gangdise Belt in the India-Eurasia Collision:Evidence of SHRIMP IIzircon U-Pb dating.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):787-794
Dong GC,Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Zhu DC,Xie XF and Dong ML.2011.The Neocene magmatism from Namuru intrusion in western Gangdese,Tibet and its tectonic significance.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):1983-1992(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dong SL,Huang HX,Liu B,Zhang L and Zhang H.2010.Geological characteristics and exploration direction of the Longruri gold deposit in Tibet.Geology and Exploration,46(2):207-213(in Chinese with English abstract)
Drummond MS and Defant MJ.1990.A model for trondhjemite-tonalitedacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting:Archean to modern comparisons.Journal of Geophysical Research,95(B13):21503-21521
Du GS,Feng XL and Chen FZ.1993.Tibet Gold Deposit.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,19-23(in Chinese)
Feng XL and Du GS.1999.The distribution,mineralization types and prospecting and exploration of the gold deposits in Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,35-42(in Chinese with English abstract)
Flower MFJ,Russo RM,Tamaki K and Hoang N.2001.Mantle contamination and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana(IBM)‘high-tide mark’:Evidence for mantle extrusion caused by Tethyan closure.Tectonophysics,333(1-2):9-34
Gao YF,Hou ZQ,Wei RH and Zhao RS.2003.Post-collisional adakitic porphyries in Tibet:Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on partial melting of oceanic lithosphere and crust-mantle interaction.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(2):194-203
Gao YF,Hou ZQ,Kamber BS,Wei RH,Meng XJ and Zhao RS.2007.Adakite-like porphyries from the southern Tibetan continental collision zones:Evidence for slab melt metasomatism.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,153(1):105-120
Grove TL,Donnelly-Nolan JM and Housh T.1997.Magmatic processes that generated the rhyolite of Glass Mountain,Medicine Lake volcano,N.California.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,127(3):205-223
Guan Q,Zhu DC,Zhao ZD,Dong GC,Zhang LL,Li XW,Liu M,Mo XX,Liu YS and Yuan HL.2012.Crustal thickening prior to 38Ma in southern Tibet:Evidence from lower crust-derived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese batholith.Gondwana Research,21(1):88-99
Guo ZF,Wilson M and Liu JQ.2007.Post-collisional adakites in South Tibet:Products of partial melting of subduction-modified lower crust.Lithos,96(1-2):205-224
Hanson GN.1978.The application of trace elements to the petrogenesis of igneous rocks of granitic composition.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,38(1):26-43
Haschke M,Siebel W,Günther A and Scheuber E.2002.Repeated crustal thickening and recycling during the Andean orogeny in north Chile(21°~26°S).Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),107(B1):2019
Hildreth W and Moorbath S.1988.Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,98(4):455-489
Hou ZQ,Lu QT,Wang AJ,Li XB,Wang ZQ and Wang EQ.2003a.Continental collision and related metallogeny:A case study of mineralization in Tibetan Orogen.Mineral Deposits,22(4):319-333(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Mo XX,Gao YF,Qu XM and Meng XJ.2003b.Adakite,a possible host rock for porphyry copper deposits:Case studies of porphyry copper belts in Tibetan Plateau and in northern Chile.Mineral Deposits,22(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Qu XM,Rui ZY and Mo XX.2004.Origin of adakitic intrusives generated during Mid-Miocene east-west extension in southern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220(1-2):139-155
Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Meng XJ,Qu XM and Huang W.2004.Genesis of adakitic porphyry and tectonic controls on the Gangdese Miocene porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan Orogen.Acta Petrologica Sinica,20(2):239-248(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Meng XJ,Qu XM and Gao YF.2005.Copper ore potential of adakitic intrusives in Gangdese porphyry copper belt:Constrains from rock phase and deep melting process.Mineral Deposits,24(2):108-121(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Mo XX,Yang ZM,Wang JA,Pan GT,Qu XM and Nie FJ.2006a.Metallogeneses in the collisional orogen of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Tectonic setting,tempo-spatial distribution and ore deposit types.Geology in China,33(2):340-351(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Yang ZS,Xu WY,Mo XX,Ding L,Gao YF,Dong FL,Li GM,Qu XM,Li GM,Zhao ZD,Jiang SH,Meng XJ,Li ZQ,Qin KZ and Yang ZM.2006b.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅰ.Mineralization in main collisional orogenic setting.Mineral Deposits,25(4):337-358(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Pan GT,Wang JA,Mo XX,Tian SH,Sun XM,Ding L,Wang EQ,Gao YF,Xie YL,Zeng PS,Qin KZ,Xu JF,Qu XM,Yang ZM,Yang ZS,Fei HC,Meng XJ and Li ZQ.2006c.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅱ.Mineralization in latecollisional transformation setting.Mineral Deposits,25(5):521-543(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Qu XM,Yang ZS,Meng XJ,Li ZQ,Yang ZM,Zheng MP,Zheng YY,Nie FJ,Gao YF,Jiang SH and Li GM.2006d.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅲ.Mineralization in post-collisional extension setting.Mineral Deposits,25(6):629-651(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Zhao ZD,Gao YF,Yang ZM and Jiang W.2006e.Tearing and dischronal subduction of the Indian continental slab:Evidence from Cenozoic Gangdese volcano-magmatic rocks in south Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(4):761-774(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Zheng YC,Yang ZM and Yang ZS.2012.Metallogenesis of continental collision setting:PartⅠ.Gangdese Cenozoic porphyry Cu-Mo systems in Tibet.Mineral Deposits,31(4):647-670(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Chung SL,Li JX and Liu CZ.2009.Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints on petrogenesis of the Gangdese batholith,southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,262(3-4):229-245
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Liu CZ and Chung SL.2009.Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith,southern Tibet.Science in China(Series D),52(9):1240-1261
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Liu CZ and Chung SL.2012.Early Eocene crustal thickening in southern Tibet:New age and geochemical constraints from the Gangdese batholith.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,53:82-95
Jiang ZQ,Wang Q,Wyman DA,Li ZX,Yang JH,Shi XB,Ma L,Tang GJ,Guo GN,Jia XH and Guo HF.2014.Transition from oceanic to continental lithosphere subduction in southern Tibet:Evidence from the Late Cretaceous-Early Oligocene(ca.91~30Ma)intrusive rocks in the Chanang-Zedong area,southern Gangdese.Lithos,196-197:213-231
Kay RW and Kay SM.1993.Delamination and delamination magmatism.Tectonophysics,219(1-3):177-189
Keller CB,Schoene B,Barboni M,Samperton KM and Husson JM.2015.Volcanic-plutonic parity and the differentiation of the continental crust.Nature,523(7560):301-307
Kemp AIS,Hawkesworth CJ,Foster GL,Paterson BA,Woodhead JD,Hergt JM,Gray CM and Whitehous MJ.2007.Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotopes in zircon.Science,315(5814):980-983
King PL,White AJR,Chappell BW and Allen CM.1997.Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt,Southeastern Australia.Journal of Petrology,38(3):371-391
Leech ML,Singh S,Jain AK,Klemperer SL and Manickavasagam RM.2005.The onset of India-Asia continental collision:Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,234(1-2):83-97
Li GM,Zeng QG,Yong YY,Gao DF,Wang GM and Liu B.2005.Discovery of epithermal Au-Sb deposits in Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet and its significance:Case study of Longruri Au-Sb deposit.Mineral Deposits,24(6):595-602(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li XH,Li ZX,Li WX,Liu Y,Yuan C,Wei GJ and Qi CS.2007.U-Pb zircon,geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on age and origin of Jurassic I-and A-type granites from central Guangdong,SEChina:A major igneous event in response to foundering of a subducted flat-slab?Lithos,96(1-2):186-204
Liu H,Li GM,Huang HX,Cao HW,Yuan Q,Li YX,Ouyang Y,Lan SS,LüMH and Yan GQ.2018.Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous Jiangla’angzong I-Type granite in Central Lhasa Terrane,Tibet,China:Constraints from whole-rock geochemistry,zircon U-Pb geochronology,and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(4):1396-1414
Liu YF,Yang ZM,Xie YL,Zhou P,Du DH,Li YX,Li QY,Qu HCand Xu B.2012.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age and geochemistry of intrusive rocks from Nongruri gold deposit,Gangdese,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,31(4):727-744(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ludwing KR.2001.Users Manual for Isoplot/Ex(rev.2.49):AGeochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel.Berkeley Geochronology Center,Special Publication 1a,1-55
Ludwing KR.2003.ISOPLOT 3.00:A a Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel.Berkeley,California:Berkeley Geochronology Center
Meng XJ,Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Huang W,Qu XM and Qu WJ.2003.Development of porphyry copper-molybdenum-lead-zinc ore-forming system in East Gangdese belt,Tibet:Evidence from Re-Os age of molybdenite in Bangpu copper polymetallic deposit.Mineral Deposits,22(3):246-252(in Chinese with English abstract)
Miller DJ and Christensen NI.1994.Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc:A multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane,northern Pakistan.Journal of Geophysical Research,99(B6):11623-11642
Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Deng JF,Dong GC,Zhou S,Guo TY,Zhang SQ and Wang LL.2003.Response of volcanism to the India-Asia collision.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Guo TY,Wang LL and Chen T.2005.Timing of magma mixing in the Gangdise magmatic belt during the India-Asia collision:Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(1):66-76
Mo XX,Hou ZQ,Niu YL,Dong GC,Qu XM,Zhao ZD and Yang ZM.2007.Mantle contributions to crustal thickening during continental collision:Evidence from Cenozoic igneous rocks in southern Tibet.Lithos,96(1-2):225-242
Mo XX,Niu YL,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Hou ZQ,Zhou S and Ke S.2008.Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth:A case study of the Paleogene Linzizong volcanic succession in southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,250(1-4):49-67
Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Zhu DC,Zhou S and Niu YL.2009.Mantle input to the crust in southern Gangdese,Tibet,during the Cenozoic:Zircon Hf isotopic evidence.Journal of Earth Science,20(2):241-249
Montel JM,Mouchel R and Pichavant M.1988.High apatite solubility in peraluminous melts.Terra Cognita,8:71
Pearcy LG,De Bari SM and Sleep NH.1990.Mass balance calculations for two sections of island arc crust and implications for the formation of continents.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,96(3-4):427-442
Petford N and Atherton M.1996.Na-rich partial melts from newly underplated basaltic crust:The Cordillera Blanca Batholith,Peru.Journal of Petrology,37(6):1491-1521
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Huang W.2001.Gangdese porphyry copper belt the second“Yulong”copper belt?Mineral Deposits,20(4):355-366(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li YG.2002.Ore-bearing adakites found in the gangdese collision-orogenic belt.Mineral Deposits,21(S1):215-218(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li ZQ.2003.40Ar/39Ar Ages of the ore-bearing porphyries of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt and their geological significances.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(2):246-252(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li YG.2004.Melt components derived from a subducted slab in late orogenic ore-bearing porphyries in the Gangdese copper belt,southern Tibetan plateau.Lithos,74(3-4):131-148
Rapp RP,Watson EB and Miller CF.1991.Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites.Precambrian Research,51(1-4):1-25
Rollinson HR.1993.Using Geochemical Data:Evaluation,Presentation,Interpretation.London:Longman Scientific&Technical,1-352
Sandiford M,Hand M and Mc Laren S.1998.High geothermal gradient metamorphism during thermal subsidence.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,163(1-4):149-165
Sisson TW,Ratajeski K,Hankins WB and Glazner AF.2005.Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,148(6):635-661
Sun SS and Mc Donough WF.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes.In:Saunders AD and Norry MJ(eds.).Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,42(1):313-345
Tang JX,Wang DH,Wang XW,Zhong KH,Ying LJ,Zheng WB,Li FJ,Guo N,Qin ZP,Yao XF,Li L,Wang Y and Tang XQ.2010.Geological features and metaliogenic model of the Jiama copperpolymetallic deposit in Tibet.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang JX,Deng SL,Zheng WB,Ying LJ,Wang XW,Zhong KH,Qin ZP,Ding F,Li FJ,Tang XQ,Zhong YF and Peng HJ.2011.An exploration model for Jiama copper polymetallic deposit in Maizhokunggar County,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,30(2):179-196(in Chinese with English abstract)
van de Zedde DMA and Wortel MRJ.2001.Shallow slab detachment as a transient source of heat at midlithospheric depths.Tectonics,20(6):868-882
Wang Q,Zhu DC,Cawood P A,Zhao ZD,Liu SA,Chung SL,Zhang LL,Liu D,Zheng YC and Dai JD.2015.Eocene magmatic processes and crustal thickening in southern Tibet:Insights from strongly fractionated ca.43Ma granites in the western Gangdese Batholith.Lithos,239:128-141
Wen DR,Liu DY,Chung SL,Chu MF,Ji JQ,Zhang Q,Song B,Lee TY,Yeh MW and Lo CH.2008.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Gangdese batholith and implications for Neotethyan subduction in southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,252(3-4):191-201
Whalen JB,Currie KL and Chappell BW.1987.A-type granites:Geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95(4):407-419
Wu FY,Jahn BM,Wilde SA,Lo CH,Yui TF,Lin Q,Ge WC and Sun DY.2003.Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China(I):Geochronology and petrogenesis.Lithos,66(3-4):241-273
Wu FY,Li XH,Yang JH and Zheng YF.2007.Discussions on the petrogenesis of granites.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(6):1217-1238(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu FY,Liu XC,Ji WQ,Wang MJ and Yang L.2017.Highly fractionated granites:Recognition and research.Science China(Earth Sciences),60(7):1201-1219
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM and Xu JH.2005a.Characteristics and forming process of ore-forming fluids at Qulong copper deposit in Gangdise porphyry copper belt,Tibet.Geology and Exploration,41(2):21-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM,Xu JH and Wang BH.2005b.Study of fluid inclusions from Tinggong porphyry copper deposit in Gangdese belt,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,24(6):584-594(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM and Xu JH.2006.SEM/EDS constraints on nature of ore-forming fluids in Gangdese porphyry copper belt:Case studies of Qulong and Tinggong deposits.Mineral Deposits,25(2):147-154(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Xia DX,Song YC and Li Z.2008a.Relationship between western porphyry and mineralization in Qulong copper deposit of Tibet and its enlightenment to further exploration.Mineral Deposits,27(1):28-36(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Song YC,Li ZQ,Xia DY and Pan FC.2008b.Qulong superlarge porphyry Cu deposit in Tibet:Geology,alteration and mineralization.Mineral Deposits,27(3):279-318(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Li ZQ,Song YC and Xie YL.2008c.Direct record of primary fluid exsolved from magma:Evidence from unidirectional solidification texture(UST)in quartz found in Qulong porphyry copper deposit,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,27(2):188-199(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Yang ZS,Wang SX,Wang GR,Tian SH,Wen DY,Wang ZL and Liu YC.2008d.Genesis of porphyries and tectonic controls on the Narigongma porphyry Mo(-Cu)deposit,southern Qinghai.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(3):489-502(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Jiang YF,Zhang HR and Song YC.2011.Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf isotopic constraints on petrogenesis of the late Jurassic granitic porphyry at Qulong,Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):2003-2010(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZS,Hou ZQ,Gao W,Wang HP,Li ZQ,Meng XJ and Qu XM.2006.Metallogenic characteristics and genetic model of antimony and gold deposits in south Tibetan detachment system.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(9):1377-1391(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yin A and Harrison TM.2000.Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogen.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28:211-280
Yin Q,Lang XH,Tang JX,Zhang JS,Xie FW,Yang ZY,Li ZJ,Huang Y and Bai Y.2015.Geochemical characteristics of sulfur and lead isotopes from No.Ⅱdeposit in Xiongcun district,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,34(5):1016-1029(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan HL,Gao S,Liu XM,Li HM,Günther D and Wu FY.2004.Accurate U-Pb age and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research,28(3):353-370
Zhou S,Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Qiu RZ,Wang LL and Guo TY.2004.40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizong volcanic rocks from Linzhou basin,Tibet,China,and their geological implications.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(18):1970-1979
Zhu DC,Wang Q,Zhao ZD,Chung SL,Cawood PA,Niu YL,Liu SA,Wu FY and Mo XX.2015.Magmatic record of India-Asia collision.Scientific Reports,5:14289
董国臣,莫宣学,赵志丹,朱弟成,谢许峰,董美玲.2011.冈底斯带西段那木如岩体始新世岩浆作用及构造意义.岩石学报,27(7):1983-1992
董随亮,黄瀚霄,刘波,张丽,张晖.2010.西藏弄如日金矿地质特征及找矿方向.地质与勘探,46(2):207-213
杜光树,冯孝良,陈福忠.1993.西藏金矿地质.成都:西南交通大学出版社,19-23
冯孝良,杜光树.1999.西藏金矿资源分布规律、矿化类型及找矿方向.特提斯地质,35-42
侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,李晓波,王宗起,王二七.2003a.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例.矿床地质,22(4):319-333
侯增谦,莫宣学,高永丰,曲晓明,孟祥金.2003b.埃达克岩:斑岩铜矿的一种可能的重要含矿母岩---以西藏和智利斑岩铜矿为例.矿床地质,22(1):1-12
侯增谦,高永丰,孟祥金,曲晓明,黄卫.2004.西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带:埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制.岩石学报,20(2):239-248
侯增谦,孟祥金,曲晓明,高永丰.2005.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带埃达克质斑岩含矿性:源岩相变及深部过程约束.矿床地质,24(2):108-121
侯增谦,莫宣学,杨志明,王安建,潘桂棠,曲晓明,聂凤军.2006a.青藏高原碰撞造山带成矿作用:构造背景、时空分布和主要类型.中国地质,33(2):340-351
侯增谦,杨竹森,徐文艺,莫宣学,丁林,高永丰,董方浏,李光明,曲晓明,李光明,赵志丹,江思宏,孟祥金,李振清,秦克章,杨志明.2006b.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅰ.主碰撞造山成矿作用.矿床地质,25(4):337-358
侯增谦,潘桂棠,王安建,莫宣学,田世洪,孙晓明,丁林,王二七,高永丰,谢玉玲,曾普胜,秦克章,许继峰,曲晓明,杨志明,杨竹森,费红彩,孟祥金,李振清.2006c.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅱ.晚碰撞转换成矿作用.矿床地质,25(5):521-543
侯增谦,曲晓明,杨竹森,孟祥金,李振清,杨志明,郑绵平,郑有业,聂凤军,高永丰,江思宏,李光明.2006d.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅲ.后碰撞伸展成矿作用.矿床地质,25(6):629-651
侯增谦,赵志丹,高永丰,杨志明,江万.2006e.印度大陆板片前缘撕裂与分段俯冲:来自冈底斯新生代火山-岩浆作用证据.岩石学报,22(4):761-774
侯增谦,郑远川,杨志明,杨竹森.2012.大陆碰撞成矿作用:Ⅰ.冈底斯新生代斑岩成矿系统.矿床地质,31(4):647-670
纪伟强,吴福元,锺孙霖,刘传周.2009.西藏南部冈底斯岩基花岗岩时代与岩石成因.中国科学(D辑),39(7):849-871
李光明,曾庆贵,雍永源,高大发,王高明,刘波.2005.西藏冈底斯成矿带浅成低温热液型金锑矿床的发现及其意义---以西藏弄如日金锑矿床为例.矿床地质,24(6):595-602
刘云飞,杨志明,谢玉玲,周平,杜等虎,李应栩,李秋耘,曲焕春,许博.2012.西藏弄如日金矿床侵入岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征.矿床地质,31(4):727-744
孟祥金,侯增谦,高永丰,黄卫,曲晓明,屈文俊.2003.西藏冈底斯东段斑岩铜钼铅锌成矿系统的发育时限:帮浦铜多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄证据.矿床地质,22(3):246-252
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,董国臣,周肃,郭铁鹰,张双全,王亮亮.2003.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应.地学前缘,10(3):135-148
曲晓明,侯增谦,黄卫.2001.冈底斯斑岩铜矿(化)带:西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带?矿床地质,20(4):355-366
曲晓明,侯增谦,李佑国.2002.冈底斯碰撞造山带中发现含矿艾达克岩.矿床地质,21(S1):215-218
曲晓明,侯增谦,李振清.2003.冈底斯铜矿带含矿斑岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及地质意义.地质学报,77(2):246-252
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,钟康惠,应立娟,郑文宝,黎枫佶,郭娜,秦志鹏,姚晓峰,李磊,王友,唐晓倩.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型.地球学报,31(4):495-506
唐菊兴,邓世林,郑文宝,应立娟,汪雄武,钟康惠,秦志鹏,丁枫,黎枫佶,唐晓倩,钟裕峰,彭慧娟.2011.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床勘查模型.矿床地质,30(2):179-196
吴福元,李献华,杨进辉,郑永飞.2007.花岗岩成因研究的若干问题.岩石学报,23(6):1217-1238
吴福元,刘小驰,纪伟强,王佳敏,杨雷.2017.高分异花岗岩的识别与研究.中国科学(地球科学),47(7):745-765
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华.2005a.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带驱龙铜矿成矿流体特征及其演化.地质与勘探,41(2):21-26
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华,王葆华.2005b.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带厅宫铜矿床流体包裹体研究.矿床地质,24(6):584-594
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华.2006.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成矿流体的扫描电镜(能谱)约束---以驱龙和厅宫矿床为例.矿床地质,25(2):147-154
杨志明,侯增谦,夏代祥,宋玉财,李政.2008a.西藏驱龙铜矿西部斑岩与成矿关系的厘定:对矿床未来勘探方向的重要启示.矿床地质,27(1):28-36
杨志明,侯增谦,宋玉财,李振清,夏代详,潘凤雏.2008b.西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿.矿床地质,27(3):279-318
杨志明,侯增谦,李振清,宋玉财,谢玉玲.2008c.西藏驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床中UST石英的发现:初始岩浆流体的直接记录.矿床地质,27(2):188-199
杨志明,侯增谦,杨竹森,王淑贤,王贵仁,田世洪,温德银,王召林,刘英超.2008d.青海纳日贡玛斑岩钼(铜)矿床:岩石成因及构造控制.岩石学报,24(3):489-502
杨志明,侯增谦,江迎飞,张洪瑞,宋玉财.2011.西藏驱龙矿区早侏罗世斑岩的Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究.岩石学报,27(7):2003-2010
杨竹森,侯增谦,高伟,王海平,李振清,孟祥金,曲晓明.2006.藏南拆离系锑金成矿特征与成因模式.地质学报,80(9):1377-1391
尹青,郎兴海,唐菊兴,张金树,谢富伟,杨宗耀,李志军,黄勇,白云.2015.西藏雄村矿区二号矿体硫铅同位素地球化学特征.矿床地质,34(5):1016-1029
周肃,莫宣学,董国臣,赵志丹,邱瑞照,王亮亮,郭铁鹰.2004.西藏林周盆地林子宗火山岩40Ar/39Ar年代格架.科学通报,49(20):2095-2103
(1)成都地质调查中心.2014.西藏自治区墨竹工卡县弄如日矿区岩金矿补充详查报告
Ayres M and Harris N.1997.REE fractionation and Nd-isotope disequilibrium during crustal anatexis:Constraints from Himalayan leucogranites.Chemical Geology,139(1-4):249-269
Bacon CR and Druitt TH.1988.Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama,Crater Lake,Oregon.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,98(2):224-256
Beard JS and Lofgren GE.1991.Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1,3,and 6.9kb.Journal of Petrology,32(2):365-401
Boynton WV.1984.Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:Meteorite studies.In:Henderson P(ed.).Rare Earth Element Geochemistry.Amsterdam:Elsevier,63-114
Chappell BW and Stephens WE.1988.Origin of infracrustal(I-type)granite magmas.Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,79(2-3):71-86
Chappell BW.1999.Aluminium saturation in I-and S-type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites.Lithos,46(3):535-551
Chappell BW and White AJR.2001.Two contrasting granite types:25years later.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,48(4):489-499
Chung SL,Liu DJ,Ji JQ,Chu MF,Lee HY,Wen DJ,Lo CH,Lee TY,Qian Q and Zhang Q.2003.Adakites from continental collision zones:Melting of thickened lower crust beneath southern Tibet.Geology,31(11):1021-1024
Chung SL,Chu MF,Ji JQ,O'Reilly SY,Pearson NJ,Liu DY,Lee TYand Lo CH.2009.The nature and timing of crustal thickening in Southern Tibet:Geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic constraints from postcollisional adakites.Tectonophysics,477(1-2):36-48
Collins WJ and Richards SW.2008.Geodynamic significance of S-type granites in circum-Pacific orogens.Geology,36(7):559-562
Corfu F,Hanchar JM,Hoskin PWO and Kinny P.2003.Atlasof zircon textures.In:Hanchar JM and Hoskin PWO(eds).Zircon.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,53:469-499
Davidson J,Turner S,Handley H,Mac Pherson C and Dosseto A.2007.Amphibole“sponge”in arc crust?Geology,35(9):787-790
Dong GC,Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Huo TY,Wang LL and Chen T.2005.Geochronologic constraints on the magmatic underplating of the Gangdise Belt in the India-Eurasia Collision:Evidence of SHRIMP IIzircon U-Pb dating.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):787-794
Dong GC,Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Zhu DC,Xie XF and Dong ML.2011.The Neocene magmatism from Namuru intrusion in western Gangdese,Tibet and its tectonic significance.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):1983-1992(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dong SL,Huang HX,Liu B,Zhang L and Zhang H.2010.Geological characteristics and exploration direction of the Longruri gold deposit in Tibet.Geology and Exploration,46(2):207-213(in Chinese with English abstract)
Drummond MS and Defant MJ.1990.A model for trondhjemite-tonalitedacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting:Archean to modern comparisons.Journal of Geophysical Research,95(B13):21503-21521
Du GS,Feng XL and Chen FZ.1993.Tibet Gold Deposit.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,19-23(in Chinese)
Feng XL and Du GS.1999.The distribution,mineralization types and prospecting and exploration of the gold deposits in Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,35-42(in Chinese with English abstract)
Flower MFJ,Russo RM,Tamaki K and Hoang N.2001.Mantle contamination and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana(IBM)‘high-tide mark’:Evidence for mantle extrusion caused by Tethyan closure.Tectonophysics,333(1-2):9-34
Gao YF,Hou ZQ,Wei RH and Zhao RS.2003.Post-collisional adakitic porphyries in Tibet:Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on partial melting of oceanic lithosphere and crust-mantle interaction.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(2):194-203
Gao YF,Hou ZQ,Kamber BS,Wei RH,Meng XJ and Zhao RS.2007.Adakite-like porphyries from the southern Tibetan continental collision zones:Evidence for slab melt metasomatism.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,153(1):105-120
Grove TL,Donnelly-Nolan JM and Housh T.1997.Magmatic processes that generated the rhyolite of Glass Mountain,Medicine Lake volcano,N.California.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,127(3):205-223
Guan Q,Zhu DC,Zhao ZD,Dong GC,Zhang LL,Li XW,Liu M,Mo XX,Liu YS and Yuan HL.2012.Crustal thickening prior to 38Ma in southern Tibet:Evidence from lower crust-derived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese batholith.Gondwana Research,21(1):88-99
Guo ZF,Wilson M and Liu JQ.2007.Post-collisional adakites in South Tibet:Products of partial melting of subduction-modified lower crust.Lithos,96(1-2):205-224
Hanson GN.1978.The application of trace elements to the petrogenesis of igneous rocks of granitic composition.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,38(1):26-43
Haschke M,Siebel W,Günther A and Scheuber E.2002.Repeated crustal thickening and recycling during the Andean orogeny in north Chile(21°~26°S).Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),107(B1):2019
Hildreth W and Moorbath S.1988.Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,98(4):455-489
Hou ZQ,Lu QT,Wang AJ,Li XB,Wang ZQ and Wang EQ.2003a.Continental collision and related metallogeny:A case study of mineralization in Tibetan Orogen.Mineral Deposits,22(4):319-333(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Mo XX,Gao YF,Qu XM and Meng XJ.2003b.Adakite,a possible host rock for porphyry copper deposits:Case studies of porphyry copper belts in Tibetan Plateau and in northern Chile.Mineral Deposits,22(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Qu XM,Rui ZY and Mo XX.2004.Origin of adakitic intrusives generated during Mid-Miocene east-west extension in southern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220(1-2):139-155
Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Meng XJ,Qu XM and Huang W.2004.Genesis of adakitic porphyry and tectonic controls on the Gangdese Miocene porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan Orogen.Acta Petrologica Sinica,20(2):239-248(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Meng XJ,Qu XM and Gao YF.2005.Copper ore potential of adakitic intrusives in Gangdese porphyry copper belt:Constrains from rock phase and deep melting process.Mineral Deposits,24(2):108-121(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Mo XX,Yang ZM,Wang JA,Pan GT,Qu XM and Nie FJ.2006a.Metallogeneses in the collisional orogen of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Tectonic setting,tempo-spatial distribution and ore deposit types.Geology in China,33(2):340-351(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Yang ZS,Xu WY,Mo XX,Ding L,Gao YF,Dong FL,Li GM,Qu XM,Li GM,Zhao ZD,Jiang SH,Meng XJ,Li ZQ,Qin KZ and Yang ZM.2006b.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅰ.Mineralization in main collisional orogenic setting.Mineral Deposits,25(4):337-358(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Pan GT,Wang JA,Mo XX,Tian SH,Sun XM,Ding L,Wang EQ,Gao YF,Xie YL,Zeng PS,Qin KZ,Xu JF,Qu XM,Yang ZM,Yang ZS,Fei HC,Meng XJ and Li ZQ.2006c.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅱ.Mineralization in latecollisional transformation setting.Mineral Deposits,25(5):521-543(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Qu XM,Yang ZS,Meng XJ,Li ZQ,Yang ZM,Zheng MP,Zheng YY,Nie FJ,Gao YF,Jiang SH and Li GM.2006d.Metallogenesis in Tibetan collisional orogenic belt:Ⅲ.Mineralization in post-collisional extension setting.Mineral Deposits,25(6):629-651(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Zhao ZD,Gao YF,Yang ZM and Jiang W.2006e.Tearing and dischronal subduction of the Indian continental slab:Evidence from Cenozoic Gangdese volcano-magmatic rocks in south Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(4):761-774(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Zheng YC,Yang ZM and Yang ZS.2012.Metallogenesis of continental collision setting:PartⅠ.Gangdese Cenozoic porphyry Cu-Mo systems in Tibet.Mineral Deposits,31(4):647-670(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Chung SL,Li JX and Liu CZ.2009.Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints on petrogenesis of the Gangdese batholith,southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,262(3-4):229-245
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Liu CZ and Chung SL.2009.Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith,southern Tibet.Science in China(Series D),52(9):1240-1261
Ji WQ,Wu FY,Liu CZ and Chung SL.2012.Early Eocene crustal thickening in southern Tibet:New age and geochemical constraints from the Gangdese batholith.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,53:82-95
Jiang ZQ,Wang Q,Wyman DA,Li ZX,Yang JH,Shi XB,Ma L,Tang GJ,Guo GN,Jia XH and Guo HF.2014.Transition from oceanic to continental lithosphere subduction in southern Tibet:Evidence from the Late Cretaceous-Early Oligocene(ca.91~30Ma)intrusive rocks in the Chanang-Zedong area,southern Gangdese.Lithos,196-197:213-231
Kay RW and Kay SM.1993.Delamination and delamination magmatism.Tectonophysics,219(1-3):177-189
Keller CB,Schoene B,Barboni M,Samperton KM and Husson JM.2015.Volcanic-plutonic parity and the differentiation of the continental crust.Nature,523(7560):301-307
Kemp AIS,Hawkesworth CJ,Foster GL,Paterson BA,Woodhead JD,Hergt JM,Gray CM and Whitehous MJ.2007.Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotopes in zircon.Science,315(5814):980-983
King PL,White AJR,Chappell BW and Allen CM.1997.Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt,Southeastern Australia.Journal of Petrology,38(3):371-391
Leech ML,Singh S,Jain AK,Klemperer SL and Manickavasagam RM.2005.The onset of India-Asia continental collision:Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,234(1-2):83-97
Li GM,Zeng QG,Yong YY,Gao DF,Wang GM and Liu B.2005.Discovery of epithermal Au-Sb deposits in Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet and its significance:Case study of Longruri Au-Sb deposit.Mineral Deposits,24(6):595-602(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li XH,Li ZX,Li WX,Liu Y,Yuan C,Wei GJ and Qi CS.2007.U-Pb zircon,geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on age and origin of Jurassic I-and A-type granites from central Guangdong,SEChina:A major igneous event in response to foundering of a subducted flat-slab?Lithos,96(1-2):186-204
Liu H,Li GM,Huang HX,Cao HW,Yuan Q,Li YX,Ouyang Y,Lan SS,LüMH and Yan GQ.2018.Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous Jiangla’angzong I-Type granite in Central Lhasa Terrane,Tibet,China:Constraints from whole-rock geochemistry,zircon U-Pb geochronology,and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(4):1396-1414
Liu YF,Yang ZM,Xie YL,Zhou P,Du DH,Li YX,Li QY,Qu HCand Xu B.2012.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age and geochemistry of intrusive rocks from Nongruri gold deposit,Gangdese,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,31(4):727-744(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ludwing KR.2001.Users Manual for Isoplot/Ex(rev.2.49):AGeochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel.Berkeley Geochronology Center,Special Publication 1a,1-55
Ludwing KR.2003.ISOPLOT 3.00:A a Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel.Berkeley,California:Berkeley Geochronology Center
Meng XJ,Hou ZQ,Gao YF,Huang W,Qu XM and Qu WJ.2003.Development of porphyry copper-molybdenum-lead-zinc ore-forming system in East Gangdese belt,Tibet:Evidence from Re-Os age of molybdenite in Bangpu copper polymetallic deposit.Mineral Deposits,22(3):246-252(in Chinese with English abstract)
Miller DJ and Christensen NI.1994.Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc:A multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane,northern Pakistan.Journal of Geophysical Research,99(B6):11623-11642
Mo XX,Zhao ZD,Deng JF,Dong GC,Zhou S,Guo TY,Zhang SQ and Wang LL.2003.Response of volcanism to the India-Asia collision.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Guo TY,Wang LL and Chen T.2005.Timing of magma mixing in the Gangdise magmatic belt during the India-Asia collision:Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(1):66-76
Mo XX,Hou ZQ,Niu YL,Dong GC,Qu XM,Zhao ZD and Yang ZM.2007.Mantle contributions to crustal thickening during continental collision:Evidence from Cenozoic igneous rocks in southern Tibet.Lithos,96(1-2):225-242
Mo XX,Niu YL,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Hou ZQ,Zhou S and Ke S.2008.Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth:A case study of the Paleogene Linzizong volcanic succession in southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,250(1-4):49-67
Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Zhu DC,Zhou S and Niu YL.2009.Mantle input to the crust in southern Gangdese,Tibet,during the Cenozoic:Zircon Hf isotopic evidence.Journal of Earth Science,20(2):241-249
Montel JM,Mouchel R and Pichavant M.1988.High apatite solubility in peraluminous melts.Terra Cognita,8:71
Pearcy LG,De Bari SM and Sleep NH.1990.Mass balance calculations for two sections of island arc crust and implications for the formation of continents.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,96(3-4):427-442
Petford N and Atherton M.1996.Na-rich partial melts from newly underplated basaltic crust:The Cordillera Blanca Batholith,Peru.Journal of Petrology,37(6):1491-1521
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Huang W.2001.Gangdese porphyry copper belt the second“Yulong”copper belt?Mineral Deposits,20(4):355-366(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li YG.2002.Ore-bearing adakites found in the gangdese collision-orogenic belt.Mineral Deposits,21(S1):215-218(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li ZQ.2003.40Ar/39Ar Ages of the ore-bearing porphyries of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt and their geological significances.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(2):246-252(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu XM,Hou ZQ and Li YG.2004.Melt components derived from a subducted slab in late orogenic ore-bearing porphyries in the Gangdese copper belt,southern Tibetan plateau.Lithos,74(3-4):131-148
Rapp RP,Watson EB and Miller CF.1991.Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites.Precambrian Research,51(1-4):1-25
Rollinson HR.1993.Using Geochemical Data:Evaluation,Presentation,Interpretation.London:Longman Scientific&Technical,1-352
Sandiford M,Hand M and Mc Laren S.1998.High geothermal gradient metamorphism during thermal subsidence.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,163(1-4):149-165
Sisson TW,Ratajeski K,Hankins WB and Glazner AF.2005.Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,148(6):635-661
Sun SS and Mc Donough WF.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes.In:Saunders AD and Norry MJ(eds.).Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,42(1):313-345
Tang JX,Wang DH,Wang XW,Zhong KH,Ying LJ,Zheng WB,Li FJ,Guo N,Qin ZP,Yao XF,Li L,Wang Y and Tang XQ.2010.Geological features and metaliogenic model of the Jiama copperpolymetallic deposit in Tibet.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang JX,Deng SL,Zheng WB,Ying LJ,Wang XW,Zhong KH,Qin ZP,Ding F,Li FJ,Tang XQ,Zhong YF and Peng HJ.2011.An exploration model for Jiama copper polymetallic deposit in Maizhokunggar County,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,30(2):179-196(in Chinese with English abstract)
van de Zedde DMA and Wortel MRJ.2001.Shallow slab detachment as a transient source of heat at midlithospheric depths.Tectonics,20(6):868-882
Wang Q,Zhu DC,Cawood P A,Zhao ZD,Liu SA,Chung SL,Zhang LL,Liu D,Zheng YC and Dai JD.2015.Eocene magmatic processes and crustal thickening in southern Tibet:Insights from strongly fractionated ca.43Ma granites in the western Gangdese Batholith.Lithos,239:128-141
Wen DR,Liu DY,Chung SL,Chu MF,Ji JQ,Zhang Q,Song B,Lee TY,Yeh MW and Lo CH.2008.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Gangdese batholith and implications for Neotethyan subduction in southern Tibet.Chemical Geology,252(3-4):191-201
Whalen JB,Currie KL and Chappell BW.1987.A-type granites:Geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95(4):407-419
Wu FY,Jahn BM,Wilde SA,Lo CH,Yui TF,Lin Q,Ge WC and Sun DY.2003.Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China(I):Geochronology and petrogenesis.Lithos,66(3-4):241-273
Wu FY,Li XH,Yang JH and Zheng YF.2007.Discussions on the petrogenesis of granites.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(6):1217-1238(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu FY,Liu XC,Ji WQ,Wang MJ and Yang L.2017.Highly fractionated granites:Recognition and research.Science China(Earth Sciences),60(7):1201-1219
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM and Xu JH.2005a.Characteristics and forming process of ore-forming fluids at Qulong copper deposit in Gangdise porphyry copper belt,Tibet.Geology and Exploration,41(2):21-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM,Xu JH and Wang BH.2005b.Study of fluid inclusions from Tinggong porphyry copper deposit in Gangdese belt,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,24(6):584-594(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Xie YL,Li GM and Xu JH.2006.SEM/EDS constraints on nature of ore-forming fluids in Gangdese porphyry copper belt:Case studies of Qulong and Tinggong deposits.Mineral Deposits,25(2):147-154(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Xia DX,Song YC and Li Z.2008a.Relationship between western porphyry and mineralization in Qulong copper deposit of Tibet and its enlightenment to further exploration.Mineral Deposits,27(1):28-36(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Song YC,Li ZQ,Xia DY and Pan FC.2008b.Qulong superlarge porphyry Cu deposit in Tibet:Geology,alteration and mineralization.Mineral Deposits,27(3):279-318(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Li ZQ,Song YC and Xie YL.2008c.Direct record of primary fluid exsolved from magma:Evidence from unidirectional solidification texture(UST)in quartz found in Qulong porphyry copper deposit,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,27(2):188-199(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Yang ZS,Wang SX,Wang GR,Tian SH,Wen DY,Wang ZL and Liu YC.2008d.Genesis of porphyries and tectonic controls on the Narigongma porphyry Mo(-Cu)deposit,southern Qinghai.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(3):489-502(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZM,Hou ZQ,Jiang YF,Zhang HR and Song YC.2011.Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf isotopic constraints on petrogenesis of the late Jurassic granitic porphyry at Qulong,Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):2003-2010(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZS,Hou ZQ,Gao W,Wang HP,Li ZQ,Meng XJ and Qu XM.2006.Metallogenic characteristics and genetic model of antimony and gold deposits in south Tibetan detachment system.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(9):1377-1391(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yin A and Harrison TM.2000.Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogen.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28:211-280
Yin Q,Lang XH,Tang JX,Zhang JS,Xie FW,Yang ZY,Li ZJ,Huang Y and Bai Y.2015.Geochemical characteristics of sulfur and lead isotopes from No.Ⅱdeposit in Xiongcun district,Tibet.Mineral Deposits,34(5):1016-1029(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan HL,Gao S,Liu XM,Li HM,Günther D and Wu FY.2004.Accurate U-Pb age and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research,28(3):353-370
Zhou S,Mo XX,Dong GC,Zhao ZD,Qiu RZ,Wang LL and Guo TY.2004.40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizong volcanic rocks from Linzhou basin,Tibet,China,and their geological implications.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(18):1970-1979
Zhu DC,Wang Q,Zhao ZD,Chung SL,Cawood PA,Niu YL,Liu SA,Wu FY and Mo XX.2015.Magmatic record of India-Asia collision.Scientific Reports,5:14289
董国臣,莫宣学,赵志丹,朱弟成,谢许峰,董美玲.2011.冈底斯带西段那木如岩体始新世岩浆作用及构造意义.岩石学报,27(7):1983-1992
董随亮,黄瀚霄,刘波,张丽,张晖.2010.西藏弄如日金矿地质特征及找矿方向.地质与勘探,46(2):207-213
杜光树,冯孝良,陈福忠.1993.西藏金矿地质.成都:西南交通大学出版社,19-23
冯孝良,杜光树.1999.西藏金矿资源分布规律、矿化类型及找矿方向.特提斯地质,35-42
侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,李晓波,王宗起,王二七.2003a.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例.矿床地质,22(4):319-333
侯增谦,莫宣学,高永丰,曲晓明,孟祥金.2003b.埃达克岩:斑岩铜矿的一种可能的重要含矿母岩---以西藏和智利斑岩铜矿为例.矿床地质,22(1):1-12
侯增谦,高永丰,孟祥金,曲晓明,黄卫.2004.西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带:埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制.岩石学报,20(2):239-248
侯增谦,孟祥金,曲晓明,高永丰.2005.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带埃达克质斑岩含矿性:源岩相变及深部过程约束.矿床地质,24(2):108-121
侯增谦,莫宣学,杨志明,王安建,潘桂棠,曲晓明,聂凤军.2006a.青藏高原碰撞造山带成矿作用:构造背景、时空分布和主要类型.中国地质,33(2):340-351
侯增谦,杨竹森,徐文艺,莫宣学,丁林,高永丰,董方浏,李光明,曲晓明,李光明,赵志丹,江思宏,孟祥金,李振清,秦克章,杨志明.2006b.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅰ.主碰撞造山成矿作用.矿床地质,25(4):337-358
侯增谦,潘桂棠,王安建,莫宣学,田世洪,孙晓明,丁林,王二七,高永丰,谢玉玲,曾普胜,秦克章,许继峰,曲晓明,杨志明,杨竹森,费红彩,孟祥金,李振清.2006c.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅱ.晚碰撞转换成矿作用.矿床地质,25(5):521-543
侯增谦,曲晓明,杨竹森,孟祥金,李振清,杨志明,郑绵平,郑有业,聂凤军,高永丰,江思宏,李光明.2006d.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅲ.后碰撞伸展成矿作用.矿床地质,25(6):629-651
侯增谦,赵志丹,高永丰,杨志明,江万.2006e.印度大陆板片前缘撕裂与分段俯冲:来自冈底斯新生代火山-岩浆作用证据.岩石学报,22(4):761-774
侯增谦,郑远川,杨志明,杨竹森.2012.大陆碰撞成矿作用:Ⅰ.冈底斯新生代斑岩成矿系统.矿床地质,31(4):647-670
纪伟强,吴福元,锺孙霖,刘传周.2009.西藏南部冈底斯岩基花岗岩时代与岩石成因.中国科学(D辑),39(7):849-871
李光明,曾庆贵,雍永源,高大发,王高明,刘波.2005.西藏冈底斯成矿带浅成低温热液型金锑矿床的发现及其意义---以西藏弄如日金锑矿床为例.矿床地质,24(6):595-602
刘云飞,杨志明,谢玉玲,周平,杜等虎,李应栩,李秋耘,曲焕春,许博.2012.西藏弄如日金矿床侵入岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征.矿床地质,31(4):727-744
孟祥金,侯增谦,高永丰,黄卫,曲晓明,屈文俊.2003.西藏冈底斯东段斑岩铜钼铅锌成矿系统的发育时限:帮浦铜多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄证据.矿床地质,22(3):246-252
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,董国臣,周肃,郭铁鹰,张双全,王亮亮.2003.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应.地学前缘,10(3):135-148
曲晓明,侯增谦,黄卫.2001.冈底斯斑岩铜矿(化)带:西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带?矿床地质,20(4):355-366
曲晓明,侯增谦,李佑国.2002.冈底斯碰撞造山带中发现含矿艾达克岩.矿床地质,21(S1):215-218
曲晓明,侯增谦,李振清.2003.冈底斯铜矿带含矿斑岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及地质意义.地质学报,77(2):246-252
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,钟康惠,应立娟,郑文宝,黎枫佶,郭娜,秦志鹏,姚晓峰,李磊,王友,唐晓倩.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型.地球学报,31(4):495-506
唐菊兴,邓世林,郑文宝,应立娟,汪雄武,钟康惠,秦志鹏,丁枫,黎枫佶,唐晓倩,钟裕峰,彭慧娟.2011.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床勘查模型.矿床地质,30(2):179-196
吴福元,李献华,杨进辉,郑永飞.2007.花岗岩成因研究的若干问题.岩石学报,23(6):1217-1238
吴福元,刘小驰,纪伟强,王佳敏,杨雷.2017.高分异花岗岩的识别与研究.中国科学(地球科学),47(7):745-765
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华.2005a.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带驱龙铜矿成矿流体特征及其演化.地质与勘探,41(2):21-26
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华,王葆华.2005b.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带厅宫铜矿床流体包裹体研究.矿床地质,24(6):584-594
杨志明,谢玉玲,李光明,徐九华.2006.西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成矿流体的扫描电镜(能谱)约束---以驱龙和厅宫矿床为例.矿床地质,25(2):147-154
杨志明,侯增谦,夏代祥,宋玉财,李政.2008a.西藏驱龙铜矿西部斑岩与成矿关系的厘定:对矿床未来勘探方向的重要启示.矿床地质,27(1):28-36
杨志明,侯增谦,宋玉财,李振清,夏代详,潘凤雏.2008b.西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿.矿床地质,27(3):279-318
杨志明,侯增谦,李振清,宋玉财,谢玉玲.2008c.西藏驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床中UST石英的发现:初始岩浆流体的直接记录.矿床地质,27(2):188-199
杨志明,侯增谦,杨竹森,王淑贤,王贵仁,田世洪,温德银,王召林,刘英超.2008d.青海纳日贡玛斑岩钼(铜)矿床:岩石成因及构造控制.岩石学报,24(3):489-502
杨志明,侯增谦,江迎飞,张洪瑞,宋玉财.2011.西藏驱龙矿区早侏罗世斑岩的Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究.岩石学报,27(7):2003-2010
杨竹森,侯增谦,高伟,王海平,李振清,孟祥金,曲晓明.2006.藏南拆离系锑金成矿特征与成因模式.地质学报,80(9):1377-1391
尹青,郎兴海,唐菊兴,张金树,谢富伟,杨宗耀,李志军,黄勇,白云.2015.西藏雄村矿区二号矿体硫铅同位素地球化学特征.矿床地质,34(5):1016-1029
周肃,莫宣学,董国臣,赵志丹,邱瑞照,王亮亮,郭铁鹰.2004.西藏林周盆地林子宗火山岩40Ar/39Ar年代格架.科学通报,49(20):2095-2103
(1)成都地质调查中心.2014.西藏自治区墨竹工卡县弄如日矿区岩金矿补充详查报告
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |