滑坡治理工程的下托式抗滑桩-隧道组合体系
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摘要
滑坡段隧道加固技术主要包括滑坡治理和隧道衬砌结构加固,且滑坡治理措施中以抗滑桩应用最为广泛。本文以襄渝线某隧道工程为依托,一方面利用FLAC~(3D)计算分析下托式抗滑桩支档结构的加固效果;另一方面通过有无支挡结构隧道开挖工况监测数据分析。结果表明:(1)下托式抗滑桩支挡结构加固作用下,隧道开挖后衬砌变形明显减小,且改善了隧道衬砌的受力状态,尤其对衬砌仰拱处的受力模式改变显著,减小仰拱的变形破坏。(2)下托式抗滑桩支挡结构对隧道以下滑体的滑移和沉降有一定的限制作用,并对隧道与滑面相交处的土体受力状态有一定的改善。(3)下托式抗滑桩加固作用下,隧道衬砌的受力状态有一定改善,尤其对隧道与滑面处变形控制有较好的效果,在一定程度上可避免隧道发生剪切变形破坏。(4)桩-隧间距对隧道衬砌、滑体地表沉降以及滑带的变形都有着不同程度的影响,但与其位置有很大关系。
It is well known that the tunnel reinforcement technologies for landslide sections mainly include landslide controlling and reinforcement of tunnel lining structures. The anti-sliding piles are most widely used in landslide control measures. Based on a tunnel project of the Xiangyang-Chongqing Railway,the FLAC~(3D) was used to calculate and analyze the reinforcement effect of the supporting structures of anti-slide piles in this paper. Moreover,the monitoring data from two tunnel excavation conditions that whether using retaining structures or not was analyzed. The results showed the following:( 1) The lining deformation after the tunnel excavation was obviously reduced with the reinforcement of the joist type anti-slide piles. It also significantly improved the stress state of the tunnel lining,especially the stress pattern of the lining inverted arch changes,reducing the deformation damage to the inversion arch.( 2) The pedestal anti-slide piles had a certain limit on the slip and settlement of the sliding body below the tunnel. Moreover,the stress state of the soil at the intersection of the tunnel and the sliding surface improved.( 3) The reinforcement effect of the understory anti-sliding piles improvedthe stress state of the tunnel lining to a certain extent. It had better effect on the deformation control of tunnel and slide surface,avoiding the shear deformation and damage to the tunnel.( 4)The distance between piles and tunnel spacing had different influences on the tunnel lining,the surface subsidence of the sliding body,and the deformation of the sliding belt,but it has a great relationship with the location.
It is well known that the tunnel reinforcement technologies for landslide sections mainly include landslide controlling and reinforcement of tunnel lining structures. The anti-sliding piles are most widely used in landslide control measures. Based on a tunnel project of the Xiangyang-Chongqing Railway,the FLAC~(3D) was used to calculate and analyze the reinforcement effect of the supporting structures of anti-slide piles in this paper. Moreover,the monitoring data from two tunnel excavation conditions that whether using retaining structures or not was analyzed. The results showed the following:( 1) The lining deformation after the tunnel excavation was obviously reduced with the reinforcement of the joist type anti-slide piles. It also significantly improved the stress state of the tunnel lining,especially the stress pattern of the lining inverted arch changes,reducing the deformation damage to the inversion arch.( 2) The pedestal anti-slide piles had a certain limit on the slip and settlement of the sliding body below the tunnel. Moreover,the stress state of the soil at the intersection of the tunnel and the sliding surface improved.( 3) The reinforcement effect of the understory anti-sliding piles improvedthe stress state of the tunnel lining to a certain extent. It had better effect on the deformation control of tunnel and slide surface,avoiding the shear deformation and damage to the tunnel.( 4)The distance between piles and tunnel spacing had different influences on the tunnel lining,the surface subsidence of the sliding body,and the deformation of the sliding belt,but it has a great relationship with the location.
引文
[1]杜升涛.抗滑桩在隧道———滑坡正交体系下的加固技术研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2014.DU Shengtao. Research on reinforcement technology of anti-slide piles under tunnel-landslide orthogonal system[D]. Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2014.
[2] WHITTALL J R,MCDOUGALL S,EBERHARDT E.A risk-based methodology for establishing landslide exclusion zones in operating open pit mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,100:100-107.
[3] WHITTALL J,EBERHARDT E,MCDOUGALL S.Runout analysis and mobility observations for large open pit slope failures[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2017,54(3).
[4] FUJISAWA K,MARCATO G,NOMURA Y,et al.Management of a typhoon-induced landslide in Otomura(Japan)[J]. Geomorphology,2010,124(3-4):150-156.
[5]赵杰.超大型滑坡综合整治技术及其工程效果评价[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.ZHAO Jie. Comprehensive remediation technology of super large landslide and evaluation of its engineering effect[D]. Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[6]赵杰,廖小平.箭丰尾滑坡成因分析与治理措施[J].路基工程,2012(6):122-126+129.ZHAO Jie,LIAO Xiaoping. Analysis of causes and treatment measures of arrowhead landslide in Jianfeng[J]. Subgrade Engineering,2012(6):122-126+129.
[7]李星.抗滑桩—拱形系板—挡土墙组合结构治理滑坡计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.LI Xing. Study on landslide calculation method for anti-sliding pile-arch type-retaining wall composite structure[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.
[8]朱灿群.奉节县黄莲树滑坡稳定性及治理分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.ZHU Cangqun. Analysis of stability and governance of Huanglianshu landslide in Fengjie County[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[9]吴维义.龙家岩多级滑坡机理分析及其防治技术研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.WU Weiyi. Analysis of multi-stage landslide mechanism and prevention technology of Longjiayan[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou University,2016.
[10]闫金凯.滑坡微型桩防治技术大型物理模型试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.YAN Jinkai. Large-scale physical model test study on prevention technology of landslide miniature pile[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[11]成永刚.滑坡的区域性分布规律与防治方案研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.CHENG Yonggang. Research on landslide regional distribution and control plan[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2013.
[12]罗海翔,吴红刚,牛公却尚.秦安隧道王家墩滑坡稳定性研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(11):127-130.LUO Haixiang,WU Honggang,GONGNIU Queshang.Study on the stability of Wangjiadun landslide in Qin'an Tunnel[J]. Value Engineering,2017,36(11):127-130.
[13]罗海翔,吴红刚,牛公却尚.上挡下托式抗滑桩组合对隧道-滑坡体系的加固机理研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(10):108-111.LUO Haixiang,WU Honggang,GONGNIU Queshang.Study on the reinforcement mechanism of the tunnellandslide system with combination of upper and lower retaining and anti-slide piles[J]. Value Engineering,2017,36(10):108-111.
[14]吴红刚.隧道—滑坡体系的变形机理及控制技术研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.WU Honggang. Research on Deformation Mechanism and Control Technology of Tunnel-Landslide System[D]. Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[15]吴红刚,杨涛,马惠民,等.隧道-滑坡体系的预加固机制及模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):3531-3538.WU Honggang,YANG Tao,MA Huimin,et al. Prereinforcement mechanism and model test of tunnellandslide system[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3531-3538.
[2] WHITTALL J R,MCDOUGALL S,EBERHARDT E.A risk-based methodology for establishing landslide exclusion zones in operating open pit mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,100:100-107.
[3] WHITTALL J,EBERHARDT E,MCDOUGALL S.Runout analysis and mobility observations for large open pit slope failures[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2017,54(3).
[4] FUJISAWA K,MARCATO G,NOMURA Y,et al.Management of a typhoon-induced landslide in Otomura(Japan)[J]. Geomorphology,2010,124(3-4):150-156.
[5]赵杰.超大型滑坡综合整治技术及其工程效果评价[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.ZHAO Jie. Comprehensive remediation technology of super large landslide and evaluation of its engineering effect[D]. Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[6]赵杰,廖小平.箭丰尾滑坡成因分析与治理措施[J].路基工程,2012(6):122-126+129.ZHAO Jie,LIAO Xiaoping. Analysis of causes and treatment measures of arrowhead landslide in Jianfeng[J]. Subgrade Engineering,2012(6):122-126+129.
[7]李星.抗滑桩—拱形系板—挡土墙组合结构治理滑坡计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.LI Xing. Study on landslide calculation method for anti-sliding pile-arch type-retaining wall composite structure[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.
[8]朱灿群.奉节县黄莲树滑坡稳定性及治理分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.ZHU Cangqun. Analysis of stability and governance of Huanglianshu landslide in Fengjie County[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[9]吴维义.龙家岩多级滑坡机理分析及其防治技术研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.WU Weiyi. Analysis of multi-stage landslide mechanism and prevention technology of Longjiayan[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou University,2016.
[10]闫金凯.滑坡微型桩防治技术大型物理模型试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.YAN Jinkai. Large-scale physical model test study on prevention technology of landslide miniature pile[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[11]成永刚.滑坡的区域性分布规律与防治方案研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.CHENG Yonggang. Research on landslide regional distribution and control plan[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2013.
[12]罗海翔,吴红刚,牛公却尚.秦安隧道王家墩滑坡稳定性研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(11):127-130.LUO Haixiang,WU Honggang,GONGNIU Queshang.Study on the stability of Wangjiadun landslide in Qin'an Tunnel[J]. Value Engineering,2017,36(11):127-130.
[13]罗海翔,吴红刚,牛公却尚.上挡下托式抗滑桩组合对隧道-滑坡体系的加固机理研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(10):108-111.LUO Haixiang,WU Honggang,GONGNIU Queshang.Study on the reinforcement mechanism of the tunnellandslide system with combination of upper and lower retaining and anti-slide piles[J]. Value Engineering,2017,36(10):108-111.
[14]吴红刚.隧道—滑坡体系的变形机理及控制技术研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.WU Honggang. Research on Deformation Mechanism and Control Technology of Tunnel-Landslide System[D]. Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[15]吴红刚,杨涛,马惠民,等.隧道-滑坡体系的预加固机制及模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):3531-3538.WU Honggang,YANG Tao,MA Huimin,et al. Prereinforcement mechanism and model test of tunnellandslide system[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3531-3538.
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