基于燃煤电厂脱硫成本的脱硫电价政策分析
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摘要
脱硫电价政策是实现我国火电行业二氧化硫有力减排的主要措施。文章依据成本收益分析的方法,测算了2×300 MW,2×600 MW以及2×1 000 MW燃煤机组的脱硫成本收益并对脱硫成本及收益进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:在脱硫设施建设完成并投运后,脱硫电价能够覆盖所选研究对象的实际脱硫成本,脱硫能为燃煤电厂带来可观的净收益,包括脱硫电价、节约排污费上缴数额、销售脱硫产物(脱硫石膏);随着脱硫设备造价大幅降低、环境税替代排污费且费率大幅提高以及脱硫石膏综合利用率的提升,燃煤电厂的脱硫成本将逐年降低,而收益将持续提升;考虑脱硫电价政策的目标已经基本达成,以及环境监管的加强,电厂脱硫的积极性将继续存在,脱硫电价政策应适时调整。
The desulphurization electricity price policy is the main measure to realize the strong emission reduction of sulfur dioxide in China's thermal power industry.In this paper,the desulphurization cost,benefits and the sensitivity between them of 2×300 MW,2×600 MW and 2×1 000 MW coal-fired power plants are calculated and analyzed.The results show that the desulphurization electricity price can cover the actual desulphurization cost once the desulphurization facility is completed and it is under the operation.Also,desulphurization can bring considerable net benefits for coal-fired power plants,including desulphurization electricity price,pollution levy savings,and selling desulphurization products(desulphurization gypsum).In addition,the desulphurization cost of coal-fired power plants will decrease year by year,with the increasing of benefit since the cost of the desulphurization equipment should be significant decreased,the environmental tax will increased and the desulphurization gypsum should be utilized by a comprehensive way.Finally,considering that the objective of desulfurization electricity price policy has been almost achieved,and the environmental regulation in China is further strengthened which means the initiative of desulfurization in coal-fired power plants will continue to exist,this paper believes that the desulphurization electricity price policy should be adjusted.
The desulphurization electricity price policy is the main measure to realize the strong emission reduction of sulfur dioxide in China's thermal power industry.In this paper,the desulphurization cost,benefits and the sensitivity between them of 2×300 MW,2×600 MW and 2×1 000 MW coal-fired power plants are calculated and analyzed.The results show that the desulphurization electricity price can cover the actual desulphurization cost once the desulphurization facility is completed and it is under the operation.Also,desulphurization can bring considerable net benefits for coal-fired power plants,including desulphurization electricity price,pollution levy savings,and selling desulphurization products(desulphurization gypsum).In addition,the desulphurization cost of coal-fired power plants will decrease year by year,with the increasing of benefit since the cost of the desulphurization equipment should be significant decreased,the environmental tax will increased and the desulphurization gypsum should be utilized by a comprehensive way.Finally,considering that the objective of desulfurization electricity price policy has been almost achieved,and the environmental regulation in China is further strengthened which means the initiative of desulfurization in coal-fired power plants will continue to exist,this paper believes that the desulphurization electricity price policy should be adjusted.
引文
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[2]ZHANG J,ZHANG Y X,YANG H,et al.Cost-effectiveness optimization for SO2 emissions control from coal-fired power plants on a national scale:A case study in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,165:1005-1012.
[3]石光,周黎安,郑世林,等.环境补贴与污染治理——基于电力行业的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),2016,15(4):1439-1462.
[4]常纪文.“两控区”内燃煤火电厂烟气脱硫成本的转移[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(6):532-535.
[5]王志轩,彭俊,张家杰,等.石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫费用分析[J].中国电力,2004,37(2):73-76.
[6]廖永进,王力,骆文波.火电厂烟气脱硫装置成本费用的研究[J].电力建设,2007,28(4):82-86.
[7]张胜寒,张彩庆,胡文培.电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统费用效益分析[J].华东电力,2011,39(2):195-197.
[8]郝春旭,董战峰,杨莉菲.电力行业环保综合电价补贴政策研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(12):103-110.
[9]关维竹,陈鸥,祝业青.中国燃煤电厂二氧化硫污染控制工作分析与建议[J].中国电力,2017,50(5):172-177.
[10]RUAN Y.Analysis on the FGD technologies applied in thermal power plant in China[J].Architectural Institute of Japan Journal of Technology and Design,2004,10(20):223-226.
[11]MESTELMAN S.Corrective production subsidies in an increasing cost industry:A note on a Baumol Oates proposition[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,1981,14(1):124-130.
[12]KOHN R E.A general equilibrium analysis of the optimal number of firms in a polluting industry[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,1985,18(2):347-354.
[13]BAUMOL W J.The theory of environmental policy[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1988:211-235.
[14]STERNER T,CORIA J.Policy instruments for environmental and natural resource management[M].Second edition.New York:Routledge,2013:108-116.
[15]江成山,孟卫东,熊维勤.中小企业污染治理的税收和补贴机制研究[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2012,18(3):19-25.
[16]李武全.中国火电厂降低耗水指标的必要性及对策[C]//中国电机工程学会.全国火力发电技术学术年会论文集[A].北京:中国电机工程学会,1999:631-635.
[17]朱四海.脱硫加价政策评估及其优化[J].电力建设,2009,30(12):52-57.
[18]宫悦.电力行业环境政策实施效果评价理论与方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.
[19]任勇.环境政策的经济分析:案例研究与方法指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:91-97.
[20]张晶杰,王志轩,赵毅.环保电价政策改革优化研究——基于燃煤发电企业环保治理成本的分析[J].价格理论与实践,2017(3):57-60.
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