苏门答腊岛苏利特河—苏里安铜成矿带埃达克质侵入岩和矽卡岩地球化学特征及成因意义
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摘要
本文旨在通过分析苏门答腊岛苏里安斑岩型铜矿至苏利特河矽卡岩型铜矿成矿带中埃达克质侵入岩及矽卡岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,探讨其成因意义。该成矿带是巴东地区辛卡拉克湖以东地球化学异常带的主体部分,其绝大多数侵入岩浆体皆为为Ⅰ-型花岗岩复合体,相当于印支晚期同碰撞火山弧和燕山早期碰撞后岩浆侵入活动的产物。该成矿带内的埃达克质花岗岩和闪长斑岩(早侏罗世和早白垩世)具有低的Y、Yb含量、高的ΣREE含量和Eu正异常,在构造环境判别图上落在活动大陆边缘(ACM)火山弧环境中。埃达克质岩浆来源于俯冲洋壳板片部分熔融。然而,矽卡岩主量元素与岩浆岩侵入体相比,其CaO含量增多,SiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O以及Na_2O含量降,REE普遍表现为Eu负异常。该成矿带内矿化矽卡岩与侵入岩的微量元素模式在蛛网图上显示某些相似性,但是二者的REE配分模式却不尽相同。矽卡岩的微量元素和稀土元素具有低Rb、Ba含量和K、Sr、P、Ti低谷,主要继承了原始岩浆和母岩埃达克质岩的共同特征。矽卡岩化是引起Ti、Yb、Y和REE总量降低的主导控制作用。
The purpose of this paper is to study the petrological and geochemical characteristics of adakitic intrusive rocks and skarns in the metallogenic belt from Sulian porphyry copper deposit to Sulithe skarn copper deposit in Sumatra Island, and to explore their genetic significance. The metallogenic belt is the main part of the geochemical anomaly zone east of Lake Cincarack in Badong area. Most of its intrusive magmas are Itype granite complexes, which are equivalent to the products of magmatic intrusion after collision with volcanic arc and early Yanshanian in late Indosinian. The adakitic granite and dioritic porphyry(Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous) in the metallogenic belt have low Y, Yb, high_REE and positive Eu anomalies, which fall in the active continental margin(ACM) volcanic arc environment on the discriminant map of tectonic environment. The adakitic magma originated from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust of the mineralized skarn and intrusive rocks in the metallogenic belt show some similarities on the cobweb maps, but the REE distribution patterns of the two rocks are different. The trace elements and rare earth elements of skarn have low Rb and Ba contents and K, Sr, P and Ti valleys, which mainly inherit the common characteristics of primitive magma and parent rock adakite. Skarnization is the dominant controlling factor for the reduction of total Ti, Yb, Y and REE.
The purpose of this paper is to study the petrological and geochemical characteristics of adakitic intrusive rocks and skarns in the metallogenic belt from Sulian porphyry copper deposit to Sulithe skarn copper deposit in Sumatra Island, and to explore their genetic significance. The metallogenic belt is the main part of the geochemical anomaly zone east of Lake Cincarack in Badong area. Most of its intrusive magmas are Itype granite complexes, which are equivalent to the products of magmatic intrusion after collision with volcanic arc and early Yanshanian in late Indosinian. The adakitic granite and dioritic porphyry(Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous) in the metallogenic belt have low Y, Yb, high_REE and positive Eu anomalies, which fall in the active continental margin(ACM) volcanic arc environment on the discriminant map of tectonic environment. The adakitic magma originated from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust of the mineralized skarn and intrusive rocks in the metallogenic belt show some similarities on the cobweb maps, but the REE distribution patterns of the two rocks are different. The trace elements and rare earth elements of skarn have low Rb and Ba contents and K, Sr, P and Ti valleys, which mainly inherit the common characteristics of primitive magma and parent rock adakite. Skarnization is the dominant controlling factor for the reduction of total Ti, Yb, Y and REE.
引文
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[19]杨振强,朱章显.新生代埃达克岩两种成因类型埃达克岩的含矿性和源区:西南太平洋带与东太平洋带对比[J].华南地质与矿产,2010,(3):1-11.
[20]姚华舟,朱章显,韦延光,杨振强,等.巽他群岛-新几内亚岛地区地质与矿产[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:1-277.
[21]朱章显,杨振强,向文帅,胡鹏.两类埃达克岩的含矿性和成因:东南亚地区与东太平洋带对比[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(增1):237-246.
[22]Zulkarnain I.Geochemical Signature of Mesozoic Volcanic and Granitic Rocks in Madina Regency Area,North Sumatra,Indonesia,and its Tectonic Implication[J]Journal Geologi Indonesia,2009,4(2):117-131.
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[26]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)火山岩及其地球化学-构造环境判别[J].华南地质与矿产,2012,28(2):107-113.
[27]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.初论苏门答腊(印尼)的岩浆-构造旋回及其板块构造背景[J].华南地质与矿产,2013,29(4);259-270.
[28]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.苏门答腊岛(印尼)两类地体划分及其区域成矿背景[J].地质通报,2015,34(4):792-801.
[29]Metcalfe I.Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes[C].//Hall R,Blundell D J(Eds.),Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.Geological Society of London Special Publication,1996,106:97-122.
[30]van Leeuwen T M.25 years of mineral exploration et discovery in Indonesia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1994,50(1-3):63.
[31]高小卫,杨振强,吴秀荣.苏门答腊岛岩浆旋回中的成矿作用[J].华南地质与矿产,2013,29(4):299-307.
[32]van Bemmelen R W.The Geology of Indonesia,Vol.1A,General Geology of Indonesia and adjacent archipelago[M].The Hague:Government Printing Office,1949:4-732.
[33]朱章显,杨振强,胡鹏.印尼苏门答腊岛巴东地区埃达克质岩地球化学特征和构造环境意义[J].中国矿业,2014,23(8):92-99,109.
[34]Rock N M S,Aldiss D T,Aspden J A.The Geology of the Lubusikaping Quadrangle(0716),Sumatra,Scale 1:250000[R].Geological Survey of Indonesia,Directorate of Mineral Resources,Geological Research and Development Centre,Bandung,1983.
[35]Gorton M P,Schandl E S.From continents to island arcs:a geochemical index of tectonic setting for arc-related and within-plate felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks[J].Canadian Mineralogist,2000,38(5):1065-1073.
[36]Macpherson C G,Hall R.Tectonic controls of geochemical evolution in arc magmatism in SE Asia(C).//In:Proceedings PACRIM 99 congress,Australian Institute of mining and metallurgy Publications,Series,1999,4(99):359-368.
[37]Maulana A.Petrology,Geochemistry and Metamorphic Evolution of South Sulawesi Basement Rock Complexes,Indonesia[D].Canberra:The Australian National University,2009:1-189.
[38]Stolz A J,Jochum K P,Spettel B.(阴翠珍.闫志军译).弧下地幔流体和熔体的富集---来自岛弧玄武岩Nb/Ta变化方面的证据[J].世界地质,1997,16(2):6-10,15.
[39]马生明,朱立新,刘海良,王会强,徐明钻.甘肃北山辉铜山铜矿地球化学异常结构研究[J].地球学报,2011,32(4):405-412.
[2]Kay R W.Aleutian magnesian andesites:melts from subducted Pacific Ocean crust[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1978,4:117-132.
[3]王强,许继峰,赵振华.一种新的火成岩---埃达克岩的研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(2):201-208.
[4]罗照华,柯珊,谌宏伟.埃达克岩的特征、成因及构造意义[J].地质通报,2002,21(7):436-440.
[5]王焰,张旗,钱青.埃达克岩(adakite)的地球化学特征及其构造意义[J].地质科学,2000,35(2):251-256.
[6]董申保,田伟.埃达克岩的原义、特征与成因[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):585-594.
[7]朱弟成,潘桂棠,段丽萍,夏林,廖忠礼,王立全.埃达克岩研究的几个问题[J].西北地质,2003,36(2):13-19.
[8]张旗,许继峰,王焰,肖龙,刘红涛,王元龙.埃达克岩的多样性[J].地质通报,2004,23(9-10):959-965.
[9]张旗,王焰,钱青,杨进辉,王元龙,赵太平,郭光军.中国东部燕山期埃达克岩的特征及其构造-成矿意义[J].岩石学报,2001,17(2):236-244.
[10]朱弟成,段丽萍,廖忠礼,潘桂棠.两类埃达克岩(Adakite)的判别[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(3):5-9.
[11]Smith TEM,Taylor S R,Johnson R W.REE_fractionated trachytes and dacites from Papua New Guinea and their relationship to andesite petrogenesis[J].Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology,1979,69:227-233.
[12]Sajona F G,Maury R C,Bellon H,Cotten J,Defant M J,Pubellier M.Initiation of subduction and the generation of slab melts in western Mindanao,Philippines[J].Geology,1993,21:1007-1010.
[13]Sajona F G,Bellon H,Maury R C,Pubellier M,Cotten J,Rangin C.Magmatic response to abrupt changes in geodynamic settings:Pliocene_Quaternary calc-alkaline lavas and Nb-enriched basalts Leyte and Mindanao(Philippines)[J].Tectonophysics,1994,237:47-72.
[14]朱章显,杨振强.姚华舟巴布亚新几内亚新生代两类埃达克岩的构造环境意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2007,(2):1-6,13.
[15]朱章显,杨振强.东南亚新生代两类埃达克岩的分布、成因和含矿性[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(4):338-344.
[16]朱章显,杨振强.巴布亚新几内亚新生代埃达克岩及成矿意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(4):618-623。
[17]朱章显,赵财胜,杨振强.苏拉威西埃达克岩、类埃达克岩分布和特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(1):80-88.
[18]朱章显,杨振强,梁约翰,彭练红,湛建国,姚华舟.巽他群岛埃达克岩的分布及斑岩型铜(金)矿成矿预测的地质准则[J].地质通报,2009,28(2-3):333-342.
[19]杨振强,朱章显.新生代埃达克岩两种成因类型埃达克岩的含矿性和源区:西南太平洋带与东太平洋带对比[J].华南地质与矿产,2010,(3):1-11.
[20]姚华舟,朱章显,韦延光,杨振强,等.巽他群岛-新几内亚岛地区地质与矿产[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:1-277.
[21]朱章显,杨振强,向文帅,胡鹏.两类埃达克岩的含矿性和成因:东南亚地区与东太平洋带对比[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(增1):237-246.
[22]Zulkarnain I.Geochemical Signature of Mesozoic Volcanic and Granitic Rocks in Madina Regency Area,North Sumatra,Indonesia,and its Tectonic Implication[J]Journal Geologi Indonesia,2009,4(2):117-131.
[23]Crow M J.Tertiary volcanicity[C].//In:Barker A J,Crow M J,and Milson J S,(eds).Sumatra-Geology,Resources and Tectonics.Geological Society,London,Memoir,2005,31:98-119.
[24]Hutchison C S.Geological Evolution South-East Asia[M].New Yark:Oxford University Press Oxford,Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 13,1989:1-368.
[25]Barber A J,Crow M J,De Smet M E M.Tectonic evolution[C].//Barber A J,Crow M.J and Milsom J S(eds.),Sumatra:Geology,Resources and Tectonic Evolution.Geological Society,London,Memoir,2005,31:234-259.
[26]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)火山岩及其地球化学-构造环境判别[J].华南地质与矿产,2012,28(2):107-113.
[27]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.初论苏门答腊(印尼)的岩浆-构造旋回及其板块构造背景[J].华南地质与矿产,2013,29(4);259-270.
[28]高小卫,吴秀荣,杨振强.苏门答腊岛(印尼)两类地体划分及其区域成矿背景[J].地质通报,2015,34(4):792-801.
[29]Metcalfe I.Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes[C].//Hall R,Blundell D J(Eds.),Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.Geological Society of London Special Publication,1996,106:97-122.
[30]van Leeuwen T M.25 years of mineral exploration et discovery in Indonesia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1994,50(1-3):63.
[31]高小卫,杨振强,吴秀荣.苏门答腊岛岩浆旋回中的成矿作用[J].华南地质与矿产,2013,29(4):299-307.
[32]van Bemmelen R W.The Geology of Indonesia,Vol.1A,General Geology of Indonesia and adjacent archipelago[M].The Hague:Government Printing Office,1949:4-732.
[33]朱章显,杨振强,胡鹏.印尼苏门答腊岛巴东地区埃达克质岩地球化学特征和构造环境意义[J].中国矿业,2014,23(8):92-99,109.
[34]Rock N M S,Aldiss D T,Aspden J A.The Geology of the Lubusikaping Quadrangle(0716),Sumatra,Scale 1:250000[R].Geological Survey of Indonesia,Directorate of Mineral Resources,Geological Research and Development Centre,Bandung,1983.
[35]Gorton M P,Schandl E S.From continents to island arcs:a geochemical index of tectonic setting for arc-related and within-plate felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks[J].Canadian Mineralogist,2000,38(5):1065-1073.
[36]Macpherson C G,Hall R.Tectonic controls of geochemical evolution in arc magmatism in SE Asia(C).//In:Proceedings PACRIM 99 congress,Australian Institute of mining and metallurgy Publications,Series,1999,4(99):359-368.
[37]Maulana A.Petrology,Geochemistry and Metamorphic Evolution of South Sulawesi Basement Rock Complexes,Indonesia[D].Canberra:The Australian National University,2009:1-189.
[38]Stolz A J,Jochum K P,Spettel B.(阴翠珍.闫志军译).弧下地幔流体和熔体的富集---来自岛弧玄武岩Nb/Ta变化方面的证据[J].世界地质,1997,16(2):6-10,15.
[39]马生明,朱立新,刘海良,王会强,徐明钻.甘肃北山辉铜山铜矿地球化学异常结构研究[J].地球学报,2011,32(4):405-412.
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