青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究
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摘要
结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。
In this paper,the technological mineralogical characteristics of representative lead oxide ores in the Mawengen ore district of Qinghai Province were systematically studied by means of optical microscope identification,scanning electron microscope,X-ray energy spectrum probe and sieving analysis. The results show that the main valuable elements of ores are lead( 2. 76%) and silver( 204. 4 × 10-6). The modes of occurrence of lead in ores are complex,mainly occurring in lead-iron jarosite and other insoluble lead,followed by lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead minerals in ores are mainly lead jarosite,leucite and arsenopyrite,with a small amount of galena and arsenopyrite. The modes of occurrence of silver are more complex,and the independent silver mineral is sulfur-copper-silver ore,whose content is very small. Some silver isomorphism occurs in other metal sulfides. Through polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis,it is found that the main lead minerals such as lead jarosite and cerussite are seriously intergrown and fine-grained,which is consistent with the results of screening test.At the same time,the content of arsenic in ores is high,reaching 5. 43%. The arsenic-bearing minerals,except arsenopyrite and scallion,underwent X-ray diffraction. Energy spectrum analysis shows that some lead minerals are closely related to arsenic,and complex arsenic-lead minerals such as arsenopyrite and arsenopyrite are formed.Therefore,it is predicted that arsenic will be enriched synchronously with lead minerals in the mineral processing.The independent silver minerals of silver are mainly pyrite,copper and silver minerals with fine dissemination size.Most of silver minerals occur in silicates or oxides such as quartz and limonite in the form of micro-particles. Based on the above research results,it can be concluded that the lead-silver oxide ore is very difficult to be separated. It is suggested that the flotation-chemical separation process should be adopted to recover lead and silver metals.
In this paper,the technological mineralogical characteristics of representative lead oxide ores in the Mawengen ore district of Qinghai Province were systematically studied by means of optical microscope identification,scanning electron microscope,X-ray energy spectrum probe and sieving analysis. The results show that the main valuable elements of ores are lead( 2. 76%) and silver( 204. 4 × 10-6). The modes of occurrence of lead in ores are complex,mainly occurring in lead-iron jarosite and other insoluble lead,followed by lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead minerals in ores are mainly lead jarosite,leucite and arsenopyrite,with a small amount of galena and arsenopyrite. The modes of occurrence of silver are more complex,and the independent silver mineral is sulfur-copper-silver ore,whose content is very small. Some silver isomorphism occurs in other metal sulfides. Through polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis,it is found that the main lead minerals such as lead jarosite and cerussite are seriously intergrown and fine-grained,which is consistent with the results of screening test.At the same time,the content of arsenic in ores is high,reaching 5. 43%. The arsenic-bearing minerals,except arsenopyrite and scallion,underwent X-ray diffraction. Energy spectrum analysis shows that some lead minerals are closely related to arsenic,and complex arsenic-lead minerals such as arsenopyrite and arsenopyrite are formed.Therefore,it is predicted that arsenic will be enriched synchronously with lead minerals in the mineral processing.The independent silver minerals of silver are mainly pyrite,copper and silver minerals with fine dissemination size.Most of silver minerals occur in silicates or oxides such as quartz and limonite in the form of micro-particles. Based on the above research results,it can be concluded that the lead-silver oxide ore is very difficult to be separated. It is suggested that the flotation-chemical separation process should be adopted to recover lead and silver metals.
引文
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Yang M,Xiao W,Yang X,et al.2013.The processing mineralogy for lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineral,(s1):125~125.
Zeng Maoqing,Le Zhiguang and Sun Yuxiu.2013.The technical study on mineral processing for lead oxide ore containing high Pb SO4[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,34(1):34~39(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Ke.2006.REE geochemistry of Leqingla Pb-Zn deposit in Tibet[J].Geology and Prospecting,42(6):26~31(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈经华,张方齐.2017.白铅矿硫化浮选体系的电化学性质研究[J].矿冶工程,37(4):38~40.
贾木欣,应平,付强.2015.从工艺矿物学角度探讨某些难处理资源开发利用中的问题[J].有色金属(选矿部分),61(2):1~4.
万昌林,刘亮明,高祥,等.2010.大型露天矿山资源估算与开采境界优化研究---以西藏驱龙铜矿为例[J].金属矿山,39(1):41~44.
肖骏,董艳红,张笃,等.2017.广西某低品位硫氧混合型铅锌矿选矿工艺[J].有色金属(选矿部分),64(4):31~35.
徐进力,邢夏,张勤,等.2010.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定铜矿石中银铜铅锌[J].岩矿测试,29(4):377~382.
杨久流.2004.某高度氧化型银矿石工艺矿物学研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),51(3):1~4.
曾茂青,乐智广,孙玉秀.2013.高铅矾的氧化铅矿选矿工艺研究[J].矿产综合利用,34(1):34~39.
张科.2006.西藏勒青拉铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,42(6):26~31.
Cheng J G.2013.Beneficiation-metallurgy technology for low-grade finegrained lead-zinc oxide ore[J].Mining&Metallurgical Engineering,33(5):106~110.
Chen Jinghua and Zhang Fangqi.2017.Investigation on electrochemical properties of cerussite in sulfidation-floatation system[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,37(4):38~40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Cunxiong,Wei C,Deng Z G,et al.2013.Experiment investigation on hydrothermal sulfidation and flotation of lead-zinc oxide ore with elemental sulfur[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science&Technology,29:1 351~1 362.
Donskoi E,Manuel J R,Austin P,et al.2014.Comparative study of iron ore characterisation using a scanning electron microscope and optical image analysis[J].Applied Earth Science,122(4):217~229.
Huang L,Yang B and Tong X.2017.Process mineralogy of lead-zinc tailings in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science&Technology,42(4):25~34.
Jia Muxin,Ying Ping and Fu Qiang.2015.Discussion on certain problems on the utilization of some kinds of ore from the view of process mineralogy[J].Non-ferrous Metals(Mineral Processing),61(2):1~4(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu S Q,Wang W P,Song B X,et al.2012.Present situation on beneficiation of lead-zinc oxide ore[J].Advanced Materials Research,524~527:1 017~1 022.
Ma C,Shu Y and Chen H.2016.Preparation of high-purity lead oxide from spent lead paste by low temperature burning and hydrometallurgical processing with ammonium acetate solution[J].Rsc.Advances,6(25):21 148~21 155.
Str9bele F,Wenzel T,Kronz A,et al.2010.Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of high-medieval lead-silver smelting slags from Wiesloch near Heidelberg(Germany)-An approach to process reconstruction[J].Archaeological&Anthropological Sciences,2(3):191~215.
Wan Changlin,Liu Liangming,Gao Xiang,et al.2010.Study on resource evaluation of large-scale open-pit mine and mining limit optimization:Take the Tibet Qulong copper mine as case[J].Metal Mine,39(1):41~44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao Jun,Dong Yanhong,Zhang Du,et al.2017.Beneficiation of a low grade sulfide-oxidiged Pb-Zn mixed ore in Guangxi[J].Non-ferrous Metals(Mineral Processing),64(4):31~35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Jinli,Xing Xia,Zhang Qin,et al.2010.Direct determination of silver,copper,lead and zinc in copper ores by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,29(4):377~385(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Jiuliu.2004.The research of process mineralogy certain highly oxidized silver ore[J].Non-ferrous Metals,51(3):1~4(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang M,Xiao W,Yang X,et al.2013.The processing mineralogy for lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineral,(s1):125~125.
Zeng Maoqing,Le Zhiguang and Sun Yuxiu.2013.The technical study on mineral processing for lead oxide ore containing high Pb SO4[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,34(1):34~39(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Ke.2006.REE geochemistry of Leqingla Pb-Zn deposit in Tibet[J].Geology and Prospecting,42(6):26~31(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈经华,张方齐.2017.白铅矿硫化浮选体系的电化学性质研究[J].矿冶工程,37(4):38~40.
贾木欣,应平,付强.2015.从工艺矿物学角度探讨某些难处理资源开发利用中的问题[J].有色金属(选矿部分),61(2):1~4.
万昌林,刘亮明,高祥,等.2010.大型露天矿山资源估算与开采境界优化研究---以西藏驱龙铜矿为例[J].金属矿山,39(1):41~44.
肖骏,董艳红,张笃,等.2017.广西某低品位硫氧混合型铅锌矿选矿工艺[J].有色金属(选矿部分),64(4):31~35.
徐进力,邢夏,张勤,等.2010.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定铜矿石中银铜铅锌[J].岩矿测试,29(4):377~382.
杨久流.2004.某高度氧化型银矿石工艺矿物学研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),51(3):1~4.
曾茂青,乐智广,孙玉秀.2013.高铅矾的氧化铅矿选矿工艺研究[J].矿产综合利用,34(1):34~39.
张科.2006.西藏勒青拉铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,42(6):26~31.
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