全球铝土矿中稀土和钪的资源潜力分析
|
摘要
本文在对前人资料的收集、整理及汇总等工作的基础上,按铝土矿标准对全球铝土矿中稀土和钪的资源潜力进行了综合分析。结果显示:铝土矿成矿时代主要集中在古生代、中生代及新生代;由老至新,铝土矿主要矿物类型具有由硬水铝石→一水软铝石→三水铝石演变的规律。但铝土矿的矿物组合特征变化不大;矿床中的稀土矿物以镧、铈及钇三族矿物为主。此外,中生代稀土元素的资源潜力最大,新生代次之,古生代最小。而在区域上,由单个矿床构成的地区中,黑山(Zagrad)的潜力最大,澳大利亚(Darling Range)最小。而由多个矿床构成的地区(如中国、意大利、伊朗)中,其资源潜力大致相同。而另一关键元素钪不同时期资源潜力的差异不明显;但区域上,相对巴西等国,俄罗斯、黑山及西班牙等国的资源潜力更大。而我国铝土矿主要发育在古生代(石炭纪和二叠纪),其中稀土资源潜力从南至北表现出增大的趋势;同时,相对于其它单个稀土元素,铈是地质历史时期中资源潜力最大的关键元素。在我国铝土矿矿床中,以广西平果矿床中钪的资源潜力最高,而贵州省普遍低。
On the basis of collecting, sorting out and summarizingof the previous data, this paper carrieda comprehensive analysis of the resource potential of REE and Sc in the global bauxite according to the bauxite standard. The results show that the metallogenicepisodes of bauxiteare mainly concentrated in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and the main mineral types of bauxite decrease with time, and have the change rule from diaspore to boehmite to gibbsite. However, the mineral assemblage characteristics of bauxiteremain constant. The rare earth(REE) minerals in the bauxite deposits are mainly lanthanum, cerium and yttrium. Besides, the MesozoicREE elementshavethe largest resource potential of, the Cenozoicsecond,and thePaleozoic smallest. Andin the areas where only single mineral deposit is present, REEs in the bauxite deposit(Zagrad) of Montenegrohas the greatest potential, and Australia(DarlingRange) the smallest. However, inareas with multiple deposits(e.g., China, Italy, Iran), REEs in individual depositshave roughly the same resource potential. In addition, the scandium isanother critical element, and yieldssimilarresource potential in the differentperiods(Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic). On the regionscale, however,the scandium in Russia, Montenegro and Spain have greater resource potential than Brazil and other countries.In China, the bauxitedepositsare mainly formed in Paleozoic(carboniferous and Permian) period.TheirREE resource potential increases from south to north.Meanwhile, among the single rare earth elements, the cerium is the critical element with the largest resource potential in geologic historical periods compared to other REE elements. Among the bauxite deposits of China, the scandium of Pingguo deposit(Guangxi) havethe highestresource potential, while that in Guizhou province generally yield low one.
On the basis of collecting, sorting out and summarizingof the previous data, this paper carrieda comprehensive analysis of the resource potential of REE and Sc in the global bauxite according to the bauxite standard. The results show that the metallogenicepisodes of bauxiteare mainly concentrated in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and the main mineral types of bauxite decrease with time, and have the change rule from diaspore to boehmite to gibbsite. However, the mineral assemblage characteristics of bauxiteremain constant. The rare earth(REE) minerals in the bauxite deposits are mainly lanthanum, cerium and yttrium. Besides, the MesozoicREE elementshavethe largest resource potential of, the Cenozoicsecond,and thePaleozoic smallest. Andin the areas where only single mineral deposit is present, REEs in the bauxite deposit(Zagrad) of Montenegrohas the greatest potential, and Australia(DarlingRange) the smallest. However, inareas with multiple deposits(e.g., China, Italy, Iran), REEs in individual depositshave roughly the same resource potential. In addition, the scandium isanother critical element, and yieldssimilarresource potential in the differentperiods(Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic). On the regionscale, however,the scandium in Russia, Montenegro and Spain have greater resource potential than Brazil and other countries.In China, the bauxitedepositsare mainly formed in Paleozoic(carboniferous and Permian) period.TheirREE resource potential increases from south to north.Meanwhile, among the single rare earth elements, the cerium is the critical element with the largest resource potential in geologic historical periods compared to other REE elements. Among the bauxite deposits of China, the scandium of Pingguo deposit(Guangxi) havethe highestresource potential, while that in Guizhou province generally yield low one.
引文
Abedini A,Calagari A A.2013.Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of Sheikh-Marut Laterite Deposit,NW Mahabad,WestAzarbaidjan Province,Iran.Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,87(1):176~185.
Abedini A,Calagari A A.2014.REE geochemical characteristics of titanium-rich bauxites:the Permian Kanigorgeh horizon,NWIran.Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences,23(5):513~532.
Ahmadnejad F,Zamanian H,Taghipour B,Zarasvandi A,Buccione R,Salamab Ellahi,S.2017.Mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the bidgol bauxite deposit,zagros mountain belt,iran:implications for ore genesis,rare earth elements fractionation and parental affinity.Ore Geology Reviews,86:755~783.
Al-Ani T.2017.Mineralogy,geochemistry,and ore formation of nuwaifa bauxite deposit,western desert of Iraq.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,10(3):72.DOI:10.1007/s12517-016-2817-8.
Alkan G,Yagmurlu B,Cakmakoglu S,Hertel T,Kaya S,Gronen L,Stopic S,Friedrich B.2018.Novel approach for enhanced scandium and titanium leaching efficiency from bauxite residue with suppressed silica gel formation.Scientific Reports,8(1):5676.DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-24077-9.
Anand R R,Gilkes R J,Roach G I D.1991.Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of bauxites,Darling Range,Western Australia.Applied Geochemistry,6(3):233~248.
Avdibegovi8D,Yagmurlu B,Dittrich C,Regadío M,Friedrich B,Binnemans K.2018.Combined multi-step precipitation and supported ionic liquid phase chromatography for the recovery of rare earths from leach solutions of bauxite residues.Hydrometallurgy,180:229~235.
Binnemans K,Jones P T.2015.Rare earths and the balance problem.Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy,1(1):29~38.
Boni M,Rollinson G,Mondillo N,Balassone G,Santoro L.2013.Quantitative Mineralogical Characterization of Karst Bauxite Deposits in the Southern Apennines,Italy.Economic Geology,108:813~833.
Borra C R,Pontikes Y,Binnemans K,Van Gerven T.2015.Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue(red mud).Minerals Engineering,76:20~27.
Borra C R,Mermans J,Blanpain B,Pontikes Y,Binnemans K,Van Gerven T.2016.Selective recovery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combination of sulfation,roasting and leaching.Minerals Engineering,92:151~159.
BoulangéB,Bouzat G,Pouliquen M.1996.Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of two bauxitic profiles,Fria,Guinea Republic.Mineralium Deposita,31(5):432~438.
Calagari A A,Abedini A.2007.Geochemical investigations on permo-triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh,east of Bukan,West-Azarbaidjan,Iran.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,94(1~3):1~18.
Chen Hua,Yao Huilu,Chen Qifei.2012.Lithofacies palaeogeography types,facies and geometry of Permian in Dushan of Guizhou and Tian’e of Guangxi.Guizhou Geology,29(4):270~274(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Li,Li Junmin,Yang Bo,Lu Tao,Li Zaihui.2013.Distribution of Scandium in the Wujiawan bauxite ore-bearing rock series,Southern Chongqing.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(4):468~474(in Chinese with English abstract).
Davris P,Balomenos E,Panias D,Paspaliaris I.2016.Selective leaching of rare earth elements from bauxite residue(red mud),using a functionalized hydrophobic ionic liquid.Hydrometallurgy,164:125~135.
Deady E A,Mouchos E,Goodenough K,Williamson B J,Wall F.2016.A review of the potential for rare-earth element resources from European red muds:Examples from Seydisehir,Turkey and Parnassus-Giona,Greece.Mineralogical Magazine,80(1):43~61.
EC.2014.Report on critical raw materials for the EU.http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/10010/attachments/1/translations.
Ellahi S S,Taghipour B,Zarasvandi A,Bird M I,Somarin A K.2016.Mineralogy,Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Studies of the Dopolan Bauxite Deposit,Zagros Mountain,Iran.Minerals,6(1):1~21.
Ellahi S S,Taghipour B,Nejadhadad M.2017.The Role of Organic Matter in the Formation of High-Grade Al Deposits of the Dopolan Karst Type Bauxite,Iran:Mineralogy,Geochemistry,and Sulfur Isotope Data.Minerals,7(6):1~16.
Goodenough K M,Wall F,Merriman D.2017.The Rare Earth Elements:Demand,Global Resources,and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations.Natural Resources Research,27(2):201~212.
Gu Jing,Huang Zhilong,Fan Hongpeng,Ye Lin,Jin Zhongguo.2013.Provenance of lateritic bauxite deposits in the WuchuanZheng’an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province,China:LA-ICP-MS and SIMSU-Pb dating of detrital zircons.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,70~71:265~282.
Huang Zhilong,Jin Zhongguo,Xiang Xianli,Gu Jing,Wu Guohui,Chen Xinglong,Su Zhiliang,Zhao Yuanyou,Ye Lin,Zou Lin.2014.Metallogenic theory and prediction of bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan-Zheng an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province,China.Beijing:Science Press,1~242(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Zhongguo,Zhou Jiaxi,Huang Zhilong,Dai Longsheng,Xie Xi,Peng Song,Gu Jing.2015.The distribution of associated elements Li,Sc and Ga in the typical bauxite deposits over the Wu chuan-Zheng an-Dao zhen bauxite ore district,northern Guizhou Province.Chinese Geology,42(6):1910~1918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Biao,Wu Guang,Chen Yuchuan,Zhang Tong,Liu Wenyuan,Zhang Tong,Li Xuejiao.2018.Constraint on the Genesis of the Shuangjianzishan Silver-Polymetallic Deposit,Balinzuo Qi,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from Trace and Rare Earth Elements.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(04):769~786(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jordens A,Cheng Yingping,Waters K E.2013.A review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bearing minerals.MineralsEngineering,41:97~114.
Kalatha S,Perraki M,Economou-Eliopoulos M,Mitsis I.2017.On the Origin of Bastnaesite-(La,Nd,Y)in the Nissi(Patitira)Bauxite Laterite Deposit,Lokris,Greece.Minerals,7(3):1~19.
Khosravi M,Abedini A,Alipour S,Mongelli G.2017.The DarziVali bauxite deposit,West-Azarbaidjan Province,Iran:Critical metals distribution and parental affinities.Journal of African Earth Sciences,129:960~972.
Laskou M,Economou-Eliopoulos M.2013.Bio-mineralization and potential biogeochemical processes in bauxite deposits:Genetic and ore quality significance.Mineralogy and Petrology,107(4):471~486.
Li Guanghui,Ye Qing,Deng Bona,Luo Jun,Rao Mingiun,Peng Zhiwei,Jiang Tao.2018.Extraction of scandium from scandium-rich material derived from bauxite ore residues.Hydrometallurgy,176:62~68.
Li Junmin,Ding Jun,Yin Fuguang,Liao Chaogui,Chen Yang,Lu Tao,Chen Li.2012.Regularities of distribution and geochemical characteristics of Sc in bauxite of Shenjiping Mine,Southern Chongqing.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,30(5):909~918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Junmin,Chen Li,Xu Jinsha,Yan Wu,Lu Tao,Yang Bo,Chen Yang.2013.Existing form of Scandium in detrital zircon from bauxite of the Dafoyan Mine,Southern Chongqing.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(4):630~638(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yujiao,Zhang Zhengwei,Zhou Lingjie,Wu Chengquan.2013.Geochemical feature and genesis of the Kulijing bauxitedeposit,Guizhou Province,China.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(5):558~566(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yujiao,Zhang Zhengwei,Zhou Lingjie,Wu Chengquan.2014.Mineralogical and geochemistry feature of Zunyi bauxite deposit,Guizhou Province,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,34(2):234~246(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Zaihui,Din Jun,Xu Jinsha,Liao Chaogui,Yin Fufuang,LǚTao,Cheng Li,Li Junmin.2013.Discovery of the ree minerals in the Wulong-Nanchuan bauxite deposits,Chongqing,China:insights on conditions of formation and processes.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133:88~102.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Wang Zhonggang,Han,Tao,Tang Haoshu,Chen Wenyi.2013.Metallogenic model of bauxite in centralGuizhou Province:an example of Lindai deposit.Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,87(6):1630~1642.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Wang Zhonggang,Yan Huiwen,Han Tao,Chen Wenyi.2015.Mineralogical characteristics of the karstic bauxite deposits in theXiuwen ore belt,central Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Ore Geology Reviews,65:84~96.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Li Shixin.2017.Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,centralGuizhou Province,Southwest China:a case study at Lindai deposit.Ore Geology Reviews,82:198~216.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Du Shengjiang,Gu Jing.2018.Geology and geochemistry of the Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit,central Guizhou Province,SWChina:Implications for the behavior of trace and rare earth elements.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,190:170~186.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Zhang Qizuan,Sun Silei,Meng Jianyin.2010.Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of theDajia salento-type bauxite deposits,Western Guangxi,China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,105(3):137~152.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Feng Yuewen,Li Zhongming,Cai Shuhui.2013.Genesis of the Guangou karstic bauxite deposit in Western Henan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,55(10):162~175.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Zhang Qizuan,Zhang Ying,Li Yan.2016.Genesis of ree minerals in the karstic bauxite inWestern Guangxi,China,and its constraints on the deposit formation conditions.Ore Geology Reviews,75:100~115.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Zhang Qizuan,Yang Shujuan,Liang Yayun,Zhang Ying,Li Yan,Guan Tao.2017.Genesis of thepermian karstic Pingguo bauxite deposit,Western Guangxi,China.Mineralium Deposita,52:1031~1048.
Liu Zhaobo,Li Hongxu,Jing Qiankun,Zhang Mingming.2017.Recovery of scandium from leachate of sulfation-roasted bayer red mud by liquid-liquid extraction.JOM,69(11),2373~2378.
Long Keshu,Fu Yong,Chen Rui,Ye Yuanmou,Yan Shuang,Chen Manzhi.2019.REE characteristics and enrichment mechanism of the bauxite deposits in Northern Guizhou:A case study of the Xinmin bauxite deposits.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,39(in Chinese with English abstract).DOI:10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2019.39.055.
Lu Fanghai,Xiao Tangfu,Lin Jian,Ning Zengping,Long Qiong,Xiao Lihua,Huang Fang,Wang Wankun,Xiao Qingxiang,Lan Xiaolong,Chen Haiyan.2017.Resources and extraction of gallium:A review.Hydrometallurgy.174:105~115.
Maclean W H,Bonavia F F,Sanna G.1997.Argillite debris converted to bauxite during karst weathering:Evidence from immobile element geochemistry at the Olmedo deposit,Sardinia.Mineralium Deposita,32(6):607~616.
Mameli P,Mongelli G,Oggiano G,Dinelli E.2007.Geological,geochemical and mineralogical features of some bauxite deposits from nurra(Western Sardinia,Italy):Insights on conditions of formation and parental affinity.International Journal of Earth Sciences,96(5):887~902.
Massari S,Ruberti M.2013.Rare earth elements as critical raw materials:Focus on international markets and future strategies.Resources Policy,38(1):36~43.
Meng Jianyin,Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Sun Silei,Li Desheng,Zhao Zengyi,Yang Zhonghua,Wu Jianbin.2011.Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Pangjiazhuang bauxite deposit in Jiaokou County,Shanxi Province.Geology and Prospecting,47(4):593~604(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meshram R R,Randive K R.2011.Geochemical study of laterites of theJamnagar district,gujarat,India:Implications on parent rock,mineralogy and tectonics.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,42(6):1271~1287.
Meyer F M,Happel U,Hausberg J,Wiechowski,A.2002.The geometry and anatomy of theLos pijiguaos bauxite deposit,Venezuela.Ore Geology Reviews,20(1):27~54.
Mongelli G.1997.Ce anomalies in the textural components of upper cretaceous karst bauxites from theApulian carbonate platform(Southern Italy).Chemical Geology,140(1):69~79.
Mongelli G,Boni M,Buccione R,Sinisi R.2014.Geochemistry of theApulian karst bauxites(Southern Italy):Chemical fractionation and parental affinities.Ore Geology Reviews,63:9~21.
Mongelli G,Buccione R,Gueguen E,Langone A,Sinisi R.2016.Geochemistry of the apulian allochthonous karst bauxite,southern Italy:Distribution of critical elements and constraints on late cretaceous peri-tethyan palaeogeography.Ore Geology Reviews,77:246~259.
Monsels D A,Van Bergen M J.2017.Bauxite formation onproterozoic bedrock of Suriname.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,180:71~90.
Mordberg,L E.1996.Geochemistry of trace elements inpaleozoic bauxite profiles in Northern Russia.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,57(1~3):187~199.
Mordberg,L E,Stanley,C J,Germann,K.2001.Mineralogy and geochemistry of trace elements in bauxites:The devonian Schugorsk deposit,Russia.Mineralogical Magazine,65(1):81~101.
Nassar N T,Du Xiaoyue,Graedel,T.E.2015.Criticality of the rare earth elements.Journal of Industrial Ecology,19(6):1044~1054.
Nyamsari D G,Yalcin M G.2017.Statistical analysis and source rock of theMinim-Martap plateau bauxite,Cameroon.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,10(18):415.DOI:10.1007/s12517-017-3172-0.
Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou M,Tsakanika L A,Lymperopoulou T,.Ochsenkuehn K M,Hatzilyberis K,Georgiou P,Stergiopoulos C,Serifi O,Tsopelas F.2018.Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue.Metals,8(11):915.DOI:10.3390/met8110915.
Patel V N,Trivedi R K,Adil S H,Golekar R B.2014.Geochemical and mineralogical study of bauxite deposit of mainpat plateau,surguja district,central India.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,7(9):3505~3512.
Pei Haoxiang,Fu Yong,Xu Zhigang,Wen Hongli,An Zhengze.2015.REE characteristics of rhodochrosite from the Daotuo manganese deposit in Guizhou.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,35(1):76~85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Putzolu F,Papa A P,Mondillo N,Boni M,Balassone G,Mormone A.2018.Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District(Italy).Minerals,8(7):1~24.
Rivera R M,Xakalashe B,Ounoughene G,Binnemans K,Friedrich B,Gerven T V.2019.Selective rare earth element extraction using high-pressure acid leaching of slags arising from the smelting of bauxite residue.Hydrometallurgy,184:162~174.
Rudnick R L,Gao S.2003.Composition of the continental crust.Pergamon:Oxford,1~64.
Saulo Batista de Oliveira,Marcondes Lima da Costa,Hélcio Josédos Prazeres Filho.2016.The lateritic bauxite deposit ofRondon do Para:A new giant deposit in the amazon region,Northern Brazil.Economic Geology,111:1277~1290.
Shao Pengcheng,Chen Shiyue,Sun Jiaopeng,Ma Shuai,Liu Jin,Wang Feng.2018.SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating and PetroGeochemistry of Aolaoshan Gabbro-Diorite in the Western North Margin of Qaidam Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(09):1888~1903(in Chinese with English abstract).
SidibeM,Yalcin M G.2018.Petrography,mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of the Balaya bauxite deposits in Kindia region,Maritime Guinea,West Africa.Journal of African Earth Sciences,149:348~366.
Slobodan Radusinovi8,Rade Jelenkovi8,Aleksandar Pa8evski,Vladimir Simi8,Darko Bo6ovi8,Ivanka Holclajtner-Antunovi8,Draganaivoti8.2017.Content and mode of occurrences of rare earth elements in the Zagrad karstic bauxite deposit(Nik2i8area,Montenegro).Ore Geology Reviews,80:406~428.
Smith Stegen K.2015.Heavy rare earths,permanent magnets,and renewable energies:An imminent crisis.Energy Policy,79:1~8.
Sun Pengfei,Jiang Sihong,Xue Chunji,Bai Daming,Han Ning.2016.Geochemical characteristics and Ore-Controlling Factros of the bauxite deposits in Darling Range,Western Australia.Geological Review,62(1):171~186(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Pengfei,Jiang Sihong,Han Ning.2018.Geochemical characteristics and source of the laterite-type bauxite deposit in Darling Range,Western Australia.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(3):587~603(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Silei.2011.Geologoical and geochemical characteristics of Kuancaoping bauxite deposit in Ningwu County,Shanxi Province.A Dissertation Submitted to China University of Geosciences for Doctoral Degree,1~67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Silei,Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Wang Yanru,Meng Jianyin,Li Desheng,Zhao Zengyi,Duan Hongmei,Yang Zhonghua,Wu Jianbin.2012.Geologoical and geochemical characteristics of the Shiqiang bauxite deposit in Shanxi Province.Geology and Prospecting,48(3):487~501(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Yanjie,Jia Jianye,Liu Jianchao.2001.Preliminary study on occurrence state of Gallium in Dui Jia Gou bauxite deposits and its controlling factors in the Western areas of Henan Province.Geology and Prospecting,37(6):9~12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Taylor SR,McLennan S M.1985.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution.London:Blackwell Scientific,328.
Temur S.2006.A geochemical approach to parent rocks of the Maatda4i diasporic bauxite,alanya,antalya,Southern Turkey.Geochemistry International,44(9):941~952.
Temur S,Orhan H,Deli A.2009.Geochemistry of the limestone of mortas formation and related terra rossa,seydisehir,konya,Turkey.Geochemistry International,47(1):67~93.
TorróL,Proenza JA,Aiglsperger T,Bover-Arnal T,Villanova-deBenavent C,Rodríguez-García D,Ramírez A,Rodríguez J,Mosquea LA,Salas R.2017.Geological,geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE-bearing Las Mercedes bauxite deposit,Dominican Republic.Ore Geology Reviews,89:114~131.
Tsakanika L V,Maria Th Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou,Mendrinos LN.2004.Investigation of the separation of scandium and rare earth elements from red mud by use of reversed-phase hplc.Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,379(5~6):796~802.
Tuo Biyang,Wang Jianli,Zhang Qin.2007.Occurrence and utilization of rare earth element in bauxite.Chinese Rare Earths,28(1):117~119(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vind J,Malfliet A,Blanpain B,Tsakiridis P E,Tkaczyk A H,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018a.Rare Earth Element Phases in Bauxite Residue.Minerals,8(2):1~32.
Vind J,Malfliet A,Bonomi C,Prn Paiste,SajóI E,Blanpain B,Tkaczyk A H,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018b.Modes of occurrences of scandium ingreek bauxite and bauxite residue.Minerals Engineering,123(123):35~48.
Vind J,Alexandri A,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018c.Distribution of Selected Trace Elements in the Bayer Process.Metals,8(5):327.DOI:10.3390/met8050327.
Wang Denghong,Wang Ruijiang,Li Jiankang,Zhao Zhi,Yu Yang,Dai Jingjing,Chen Zhenhui,Li Dexian,Qu Wenjun,Deng Maochun,Fu Xiaofang,Sun Yan,Zhen Guodong.2013a.The progress in the strategic research and survey of rare earth,rare metal and rare-scattered elements mineral resources.Chinese Geology,40(2):361~370(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Denghong,Li Peigan,Qu Wenjun,Lei Zhiyuan,Liao Youchang.2013b.Discovery and preliminary study of the high tungsten and lithium contents in the Dazhuyuan bauxite deposit,Guizhou,China.Science China:Earth Sciences,56:145~152(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yinxi,Li Huiming,Yang Jiedong,Qiu Liwen,Chai Donghao,Chen Ping.2000.Discovery of Palaeoweathering type rare and rare earth element deposits in Nouthern China and its significance.Geological Journal of China Universities,6(4):605~606(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Liu Xuefei,Zhang Qizuan,Sun Silei,&Jiang Chengzhu,Zhou Fang.2010.Discovery of the ree minerals and its geological significance in the Quyang bauxite deposit,West Guangxi,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39(6):701~712.
Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Liu Xuefei,Zhang Qizuan,Li Zhong ming,Kang Wei,Cai Shuhui,Li Ning.2012a.Review on research of bauxite geology and genesis in China.Geology and Prospecting,48(3):430~448(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Yan Changhai,Cai Shuhui,Li Zhongming,Wang Yanru,Zhao Jianming,Li Gongjian.2012b.Mineralogical and geochemical studies of boron-rich bauxite ore deposits in the Songqi region,SWHenan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,48(48):258~270.
Wang Xiaomei,Jiao Yangquan,Du Yuansheng,Ling Wenli,Wu Liqun,Cui Tao,Zhou Qi,Jin Zhongguo,Lei Zhiyuan,Weng Shenfu.2013.REE mobility and Ce anomaly in bauxite deposit of WZD area,Northern Guizhou,China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133(5):103~117.
Wang Xiaomei,Jiao Yangquan,Du Yuansheng,Zhou Qi,Cui Tao,Ji Bo,Lei Zhiyuan Weng Shenfu,Jin Zhongguo,XiongXing.2013.Rare earth element geochemistry of bauxite in WuchuanZheng an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province.Geological Science and Technology Information,32(1):27~33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei Xiao,Ji Hongbing,Li Daojing,Zhang Fenglei,Wang Shijie.2013.Material source analysis and element geochemical research about two types of representative bauxite deposits and terra rossa inWestern Guangxi,Southern China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133:68~87.
Xie Feng,Zhang Tingan,Dreisinger D,Doyle F.2014.A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions.Minerals Engineering,56(2):10~28.
Ye Feng,Dong Guochen,Meng Zhaoguo,Jin Ning,Hou Zanguo,Yang Quanlin,Liu Jing.2015.Geochemical features of rareearth elements of the bauxite deposit in the Gaojiashan region,Shanxi Province and their implications.Geology and Prospecting,51(3):486~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Lin,Cheng Zengtao,Pan Ziping.2007.The REE Geochemical Characteristics of the Xiaoshanba Bauxite Deposit,Guizhou.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,26(3):228~233(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Lin,Pan Ziping,Cheng Zengtao.2008.The regularites of distribution of associated elements in Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit,GuiZhou.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,28(2):105~111(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Wenchao,Wang Ruihu,Zhang Qilian,Du Yuansheng,Chen Yue,Liang Yuping.2014.Mineralogical and geochemical evolution of theFusui bauxite deposit in Guangxi,South China:From the original permian orebody to a quarternary salentotype deposit.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,146:75~88.
Yuste A,Bauluz B,Mayayo María José.2017.Origin and geochemical evolution from ferrallitized clays to karst bauxite:An example from the lower cretaceous of nespain.Ore Geology Reviews,84:67~79.
Zarasvandi A,Carranza E J M,Ellahi,S.S.2012.Geological,geochemical,and mineralogical characteristics of theMandan and Deh-now bauxite deposits,zagros fold belt,Iran.Ore Geology Reviews,48(48):125~138.
Zhang Na,Li Hongxu,Liu Xiaoming.2016.Recovery of scandium from bauxite residue-red mud:a review.Rare Metals,35(12):887~900.
Zhang Shangqing,Zhang Wenxu,Zhong Zhuanghua,Zhao Jun,Sun Kai,Cao Yaqi.2018.REE geochemical characteristics and geological significance of bauxite from Xing County,Shanxi Province.Journal of The Chinese Rare Earth Society,36(03):85~96(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Wenzhong,Koivula R,Wiikinkoski E,Xu Junhua,Hietala S,Lehto J,Harjula R.2017.Efficient and Selective Recovery of Trace Scandium by Inorganic Titanium Phosphate IonExchangers from Leachates of Waste Bauxite Residue.ACSSustainable Chemistry&Engineering,5(4):3103~3114.
Zhang Xuekai,Zhou Kanggen,Chen Wei,Lei Qingyuan,Huang Ying,Peng Changhong.2019.Recovery of iron and rare earth elements from red mud through an acid leaching-stepwise extraction approach.Journal of Central South University,26(2):458~466.
Zhou Kanggen,Teng Chunying,Zhang Xuekai,Peng Changhong Chen Wei.2018.Enhanced selective leaching of scandium from red mud.Hydrometallurgy,182:57~63.
陈华,姚会禄,陈启飞.2012.黔中地区含铝岩系中钪的分布及丰度研究.贵州地质,29(4):270~274.
陈莉,李军敏,杨波,吕涛,李再会.2013.渝南吴家湾铝土矿含矿岩系中钪的分布规律研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(4):468~474.
黄智龙,金中国,向贤礼,谷静,武国辉,陈兴龙,苏之良,赵远由,叶霖,邹林.2014.黔北务正道铝土矿成矿理论及预测.北京:科学出版社,1~242.
金中国,周家喜,黄智龙,代龙省,谢樨,彭松,谷静.2015.黔北务-正-道地区典型铝土矿床伴生有益元素锂、镓和钪分布规律.中国地质,42(6):1910~1918.
江彪,武广,陈毓川,张通,刘文元,张彤,李雪娇.2018.内蒙古巴林左旗双尖子山银多金属矿床微量稀土元素特征及其矿床成因制约.地质学报,92(04):769~786.
刘宝珺主编.1980.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,235~241.
刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,王鹤年,储同庆,张景荣.1984.元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,187~215.
李军敏,丁俊,尹福光,廖朝贵,陈阳,吕涛,陈莉.2012.渝南申基坪铝土矿矿区钪的分布规律及地球化学特征研究.沉积学报,30(5):909~918.
李军敏,陈莉,徐金沙,闫武,吕涛,杨波,陈阳.2013.渝南大佛岩矿区铝土矿碎屑锆石中钪的赋存形式研究.沉积学报,31(4):630~638.
李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,吴承泉.2013.贵州省苦李井铝土矿地球化学特征及成因探讨.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(5):558~566.
李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,吴承泉.2014.贵州省遵义铝土矿矿物学及地球化学特征.矿物学报,34(2):234~246.
李沛刚,王登红,赵芝,雷志远,翁申富,杜芳应,叶德书,顾文鳌,高兰,熊星.2014.贵州大竹园铝土矿矿床地质、地球化学与成矿规律.北京:科学出版社,1~212.
龙克树,付勇,陈蕤,叶远谋,严爽,陈满志.2019.黔北铝土矿稀土元素富集机制---以新民铝土矿为例.矿物学报,39.DOI:10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2019.39.055.
孟健寅,王庆飞,刘学飞,孙思磊,李德胜,赵增益,杨中华,武建斌.2011.山西交口县庞家庄铝土矿矿物学与地球化学研究.地质与勘探,47(4),593~604.
裴浩翔,付勇,徐志刚,温宏利,安正泽.2015.贵州道坨锰矿菱锰矿的稀土元素特征.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):76~85.
邵鹏程,陈世悦,孙娇鹏,马帅,刘金,汪峰.2018.柴达木盆地北缘西段嗷唠山辉长闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征.地质学报,92(09):1888~1903.
孙思磊.2011.山西宁武县宽草坪铝土矿床地质与地球化学特征研究.中国地质大学(北京),1~67.
孙思磊,王庆飞,刘学飞,王艳茹,孟健寅,李德胜,赵增益,段红梅,杨中华,武建斌.2012.山西省石墙区铝土矿地质与地球化学特征研究.地质与勘探,48(3):487~501.
孙朋飞,江思宏,薛春纪,白大明,韩宁.2016.西澳Darling Range地区铝土矿特征及成矿控制因素.地质论评,62(1):171~186.
孙朋飞,江思宏,韩宁.2018.西澳Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿地球化学特征及源区研究.地质学报,92(3):587~603.
汤艳杰,贾建业,刘建朝.2001.豫西杜家沟铝土矿中镓的分布规律及控制因素浅析.地质与勘探,37(6):9~12.
庹必阳,王建丽,张覃.2007.稀土元素在铝土矿中的赋存状态及利用现状.稀土,28(1):117~119.
王银喜,李惠民,杨杰东,裘丽雯,柴东浩,陈平.2000.华北古风化壳型稀有稀土矿床的发现及意义.高校地质学报,6(4):605~606.
王庆飞,邓军,刘学飞,张起钻,李中明,康微,蔡书慧,李宁.2012a.铝土矿地质与成因研究进展.地质与勘探,48(3):430~448.
王登红,王瑞江,李建康,赵芝,于扬,代晶晶,陈郑辉,李德先,屈文俊,邓茂春,付小方,孙艳,郑国栋.2013a.中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述.中国地质,40(2):361~370.
王登红,李沛刚,屈文俊,雷志远,廖友常.2013b.贵州大竹园铝土矿中钨和锂的发现与综合评价.中国科学:地球科学,43(1):44~51.
王登红等.2018.中国矿产地质志(钨矿卷).北京:地质出版社.
汪小妹,焦养泉,杜远生,周琦,崔滔,计波,雷志远,翁申富,金中国,熊星.2013.黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征.地质科技情报32(1):27~33.
叶霖,程曾涛,潘自平.2007.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中稀土元素地球化学特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,26(3):228~233.
叶霖,潘自平,程增涛.2008.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中镓等伴生元素分布规律研究.矿物学报,28(2):105~111.
叶枫,董国臣,孟兆国,靳宁,侯占国,杨全林,刘晶.2015.山西高家山铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及意义.地质与勘探,51(3):486~495.
中国地图出版社编著.2016.新编实用中国地图册.北京:中国地图出版社.
张尚清,张文旭,钟庄华,赵军,孙凯,曹亚琪.2018.山西省兴县铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义.中国稀土学报,36(03):85~96.
Abedini A,Calagari A A.2014.REE geochemical characteristics of titanium-rich bauxites:the Permian Kanigorgeh horizon,NWIran.Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences,23(5):513~532.
Ahmadnejad F,Zamanian H,Taghipour B,Zarasvandi A,Buccione R,Salamab Ellahi,S.2017.Mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the bidgol bauxite deposit,zagros mountain belt,iran:implications for ore genesis,rare earth elements fractionation and parental affinity.Ore Geology Reviews,86:755~783.
Al-Ani T.2017.Mineralogy,geochemistry,and ore formation of nuwaifa bauxite deposit,western desert of Iraq.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,10(3):72.DOI:10.1007/s12517-016-2817-8.
Alkan G,Yagmurlu B,Cakmakoglu S,Hertel T,Kaya S,Gronen L,Stopic S,Friedrich B.2018.Novel approach for enhanced scandium and titanium leaching efficiency from bauxite residue with suppressed silica gel formation.Scientific Reports,8(1):5676.DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-24077-9.
Anand R R,Gilkes R J,Roach G I D.1991.Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of bauxites,Darling Range,Western Australia.Applied Geochemistry,6(3):233~248.
Avdibegovi8D,Yagmurlu B,Dittrich C,Regadío M,Friedrich B,Binnemans K.2018.Combined multi-step precipitation and supported ionic liquid phase chromatography for the recovery of rare earths from leach solutions of bauxite residues.Hydrometallurgy,180:229~235.
Binnemans K,Jones P T.2015.Rare earths and the balance problem.Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy,1(1):29~38.
Boni M,Rollinson G,Mondillo N,Balassone G,Santoro L.2013.Quantitative Mineralogical Characterization of Karst Bauxite Deposits in the Southern Apennines,Italy.Economic Geology,108:813~833.
Borra C R,Pontikes Y,Binnemans K,Van Gerven T.2015.Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue(red mud).Minerals Engineering,76:20~27.
Borra C R,Mermans J,Blanpain B,Pontikes Y,Binnemans K,Van Gerven T.2016.Selective recovery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combination of sulfation,roasting and leaching.Minerals Engineering,92:151~159.
BoulangéB,Bouzat G,Pouliquen M.1996.Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of two bauxitic profiles,Fria,Guinea Republic.Mineralium Deposita,31(5):432~438.
Calagari A A,Abedini A.2007.Geochemical investigations on permo-triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh,east of Bukan,West-Azarbaidjan,Iran.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,94(1~3):1~18.
Chen Hua,Yao Huilu,Chen Qifei.2012.Lithofacies palaeogeography types,facies and geometry of Permian in Dushan of Guizhou and Tian’e of Guangxi.Guizhou Geology,29(4):270~274(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Li,Li Junmin,Yang Bo,Lu Tao,Li Zaihui.2013.Distribution of Scandium in the Wujiawan bauxite ore-bearing rock series,Southern Chongqing.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(4):468~474(in Chinese with English abstract).
Davris P,Balomenos E,Panias D,Paspaliaris I.2016.Selective leaching of rare earth elements from bauxite residue(red mud),using a functionalized hydrophobic ionic liquid.Hydrometallurgy,164:125~135.
Deady E A,Mouchos E,Goodenough K,Williamson B J,Wall F.2016.A review of the potential for rare-earth element resources from European red muds:Examples from Seydisehir,Turkey and Parnassus-Giona,Greece.Mineralogical Magazine,80(1):43~61.
EC.2014.Report on critical raw materials for the EU.http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/10010/attachments/1/translations.
Ellahi S S,Taghipour B,Zarasvandi A,Bird M I,Somarin A K.2016.Mineralogy,Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Studies of the Dopolan Bauxite Deposit,Zagros Mountain,Iran.Minerals,6(1):1~21.
Ellahi S S,Taghipour B,Nejadhadad M.2017.The Role of Organic Matter in the Formation of High-Grade Al Deposits of the Dopolan Karst Type Bauxite,Iran:Mineralogy,Geochemistry,and Sulfur Isotope Data.Minerals,7(6):1~16.
Goodenough K M,Wall F,Merriman D.2017.The Rare Earth Elements:Demand,Global Resources,and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations.Natural Resources Research,27(2):201~212.
Gu Jing,Huang Zhilong,Fan Hongpeng,Ye Lin,Jin Zhongguo.2013.Provenance of lateritic bauxite deposits in the WuchuanZheng’an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province,China:LA-ICP-MS and SIMSU-Pb dating of detrital zircons.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,70~71:265~282.
Huang Zhilong,Jin Zhongguo,Xiang Xianli,Gu Jing,Wu Guohui,Chen Xinglong,Su Zhiliang,Zhao Yuanyou,Ye Lin,Zou Lin.2014.Metallogenic theory and prediction of bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan-Zheng an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province,China.Beijing:Science Press,1~242(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Zhongguo,Zhou Jiaxi,Huang Zhilong,Dai Longsheng,Xie Xi,Peng Song,Gu Jing.2015.The distribution of associated elements Li,Sc and Ga in the typical bauxite deposits over the Wu chuan-Zheng an-Dao zhen bauxite ore district,northern Guizhou Province.Chinese Geology,42(6):1910~1918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Biao,Wu Guang,Chen Yuchuan,Zhang Tong,Liu Wenyuan,Zhang Tong,Li Xuejiao.2018.Constraint on the Genesis of the Shuangjianzishan Silver-Polymetallic Deposit,Balinzuo Qi,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from Trace and Rare Earth Elements.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(04):769~786(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jordens A,Cheng Yingping,Waters K E.2013.A review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bearing minerals.MineralsEngineering,41:97~114.
Kalatha S,Perraki M,Economou-Eliopoulos M,Mitsis I.2017.On the Origin of Bastnaesite-(La,Nd,Y)in the Nissi(Patitira)Bauxite Laterite Deposit,Lokris,Greece.Minerals,7(3):1~19.
Khosravi M,Abedini A,Alipour S,Mongelli G.2017.The DarziVali bauxite deposit,West-Azarbaidjan Province,Iran:Critical metals distribution and parental affinities.Journal of African Earth Sciences,129:960~972.
Laskou M,Economou-Eliopoulos M.2013.Bio-mineralization and potential biogeochemical processes in bauxite deposits:Genetic and ore quality significance.Mineralogy and Petrology,107(4):471~486.
Li Guanghui,Ye Qing,Deng Bona,Luo Jun,Rao Mingiun,Peng Zhiwei,Jiang Tao.2018.Extraction of scandium from scandium-rich material derived from bauxite ore residues.Hydrometallurgy,176:62~68.
Li Junmin,Ding Jun,Yin Fuguang,Liao Chaogui,Chen Yang,Lu Tao,Chen Li.2012.Regularities of distribution and geochemical characteristics of Sc in bauxite of Shenjiping Mine,Southern Chongqing.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,30(5):909~918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Junmin,Chen Li,Xu Jinsha,Yan Wu,Lu Tao,Yang Bo,Chen Yang.2013.Existing form of Scandium in detrital zircon from bauxite of the Dafoyan Mine,Southern Chongqing.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(4):630~638(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yujiao,Zhang Zhengwei,Zhou Lingjie,Wu Chengquan.2013.Geochemical feature and genesis of the Kulijing bauxitedeposit,Guizhou Province,China.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(5):558~566(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yujiao,Zhang Zhengwei,Zhou Lingjie,Wu Chengquan.2014.Mineralogical and geochemistry feature of Zunyi bauxite deposit,Guizhou Province,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,34(2):234~246(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Zaihui,Din Jun,Xu Jinsha,Liao Chaogui,Yin Fufuang,LǚTao,Cheng Li,Li Junmin.2013.Discovery of the ree minerals in the Wulong-Nanchuan bauxite deposits,Chongqing,China:insights on conditions of formation and processes.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133:88~102.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Wang Zhonggang,Han,Tao,Tang Haoshu,Chen Wenyi.2013.Metallogenic model of bauxite in centralGuizhou Province:an example of Lindai deposit.Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,87(6):1630~1642.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Wang Zhonggang,Yan Huiwen,Han Tao,Chen Wenyi.2015.Mineralogical characteristics of the karstic bauxite deposits in theXiuwen ore belt,central Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Ore Geology Reviews,65:84~96.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Li Shixin.2017.Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,centralGuizhou Province,Southwest China:a case study at Lindai deposit.Ore Geology Reviews,82:198~216.
Ling Kunyue,Zhu Xiaoqing,Tang Haoshu,Du Shengjiang,Gu Jing.2018.Geology and geochemistry of the Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit,central Guizhou Province,SWChina:Implications for the behavior of trace and rare earth elements.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,190:170~186.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Zhang Qizuan,Sun Silei,Meng Jianyin.2010.Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of theDajia salento-type bauxite deposits,Western Guangxi,China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,105(3):137~152.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Feng Yuewen,Li Zhongming,Cai Shuhui.2013.Genesis of the Guangou karstic bauxite deposit in Western Henan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,55(10):162~175.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Zhang Qizuan,Zhang Ying,Li Yan.2016.Genesis of ree minerals in the karstic bauxite inWestern Guangxi,China,and its constraints on the deposit formation conditions.Ore Geology Reviews,75:100~115.
Liu Xuefei,Wang Qingfei,Zhang Qizuan,Yang Shujuan,Liang Yayun,Zhang Ying,Li Yan,Guan Tao.2017.Genesis of thepermian karstic Pingguo bauxite deposit,Western Guangxi,China.Mineralium Deposita,52:1031~1048.
Liu Zhaobo,Li Hongxu,Jing Qiankun,Zhang Mingming.2017.Recovery of scandium from leachate of sulfation-roasted bayer red mud by liquid-liquid extraction.JOM,69(11),2373~2378.
Long Keshu,Fu Yong,Chen Rui,Ye Yuanmou,Yan Shuang,Chen Manzhi.2019.REE characteristics and enrichment mechanism of the bauxite deposits in Northern Guizhou:A case study of the Xinmin bauxite deposits.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,39(in Chinese with English abstract).DOI:10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2019.39.055.
Lu Fanghai,Xiao Tangfu,Lin Jian,Ning Zengping,Long Qiong,Xiao Lihua,Huang Fang,Wang Wankun,Xiao Qingxiang,Lan Xiaolong,Chen Haiyan.2017.Resources and extraction of gallium:A review.Hydrometallurgy.174:105~115.
Maclean W H,Bonavia F F,Sanna G.1997.Argillite debris converted to bauxite during karst weathering:Evidence from immobile element geochemistry at the Olmedo deposit,Sardinia.Mineralium Deposita,32(6):607~616.
Mameli P,Mongelli G,Oggiano G,Dinelli E.2007.Geological,geochemical and mineralogical features of some bauxite deposits from nurra(Western Sardinia,Italy):Insights on conditions of formation and parental affinity.International Journal of Earth Sciences,96(5):887~902.
Massari S,Ruberti M.2013.Rare earth elements as critical raw materials:Focus on international markets and future strategies.Resources Policy,38(1):36~43.
Meng Jianyin,Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Sun Silei,Li Desheng,Zhao Zengyi,Yang Zhonghua,Wu Jianbin.2011.Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Pangjiazhuang bauxite deposit in Jiaokou County,Shanxi Province.Geology and Prospecting,47(4):593~604(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meshram R R,Randive K R.2011.Geochemical study of laterites of theJamnagar district,gujarat,India:Implications on parent rock,mineralogy and tectonics.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,42(6):1271~1287.
Meyer F M,Happel U,Hausberg J,Wiechowski,A.2002.The geometry and anatomy of theLos pijiguaos bauxite deposit,Venezuela.Ore Geology Reviews,20(1):27~54.
Mongelli G.1997.Ce anomalies in the textural components of upper cretaceous karst bauxites from theApulian carbonate platform(Southern Italy).Chemical Geology,140(1):69~79.
Mongelli G,Boni M,Buccione R,Sinisi R.2014.Geochemistry of theApulian karst bauxites(Southern Italy):Chemical fractionation and parental affinities.Ore Geology Reviews,63:9~21.
Mongelli G,Buccione R,Gueguen E,Langone A,Sinisi R.2016.Geochemistry of the apulian allochthonous karst bauxite,southern Italy:Distribution of critical elements and constraints on late cretaceous peri-tethyan palaeogeography.Ore Geology Reviews,77:246~259.
Monsels D A,Van Bergen M J.2017.Bauxite formation onproterozoic bedrock of Suriname.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,180:71~90.
Mordberg,L E.1996.Geochemistry of trace elements inpaleozoic bauxite profiles in Northern Russia.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,57(1~3):187~199.
Mordberg,L E,Stanley,C J,Germann,K.2001.Mineralogy and geochemistry of trace elements in bauxites:The devonian Schugorsk deposit,Russia.Mineralogical Magazine,65(1):81~101.
Nassar N T,Du Xiaoyue,Graedel,T.E.2015.Criticality of the rare earth elements.Journal of Industrial Ecology,19(6):1044~1054.
Nyamsari D G,Yalcin M G.2017.Statistical analysis and source rock of theMinim-Martap plateau bauxite,Cameroon.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,10(18):415.DOI:10.1007/s12517-017-3172-0.
Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou M,Tsakanika L A,Lymperopoulou T,.Ochsenkuehn K M,Hatzilyberis K,Georgiou P,Stergiopoulos C,Serifi O,Tsopelas F.2018.Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue.Metals,8(11):915.DOI:10.3390/met8110915.
Patel V N,Trivedi R K,Adil S H,Golekar R B.2014.Geochemical and mineralogical study of bauxite deposit of mainpat plateau,surguja district,central India.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,7(9):3505~3512.
Pei Haoxiang,Fu Yong,Xu Zhigang,Wen Hongli,An Zhengze.2015.REE characteristics of rhodochrosite from the Daotuo manganese deposit in Guizhou.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,35(1):76~85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Putzolu F,Papa A P,Mondillo N,Boni M,Balassone G,Mormone A.2018.Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District(Italy).Minerals,8(7):1~24.
Rivera R M,Xakalashe B,Ounoughene G,Binnemans K,Friedrich B,Gerven T V.2019.Selective rare earth element extraction using high-pressure acid leaching of slags arising from the smelting of bauxite residue.Hydrometallurgy,184:162~174.
Rudnick R L,Gao S.2003.Composition of the continental crust.Pergamon:Oxford,1~64.
Saulo Batista de Oliveira,Marcondes Lima da Costa,Hélcio Josédos Prazeres Filho.2016.The lateritic bauxite deposit ofRondon do Para:A new giant deposit in the amazon region,Northern Brazil.Economic Geology,111:1277~1290.
Shao Pengcheng,Chen Shiyue,Sun Jiaopeng,Ma Shuai,Liu Jin,Wang Feng.2018.SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating and PetroGeochemistry of Aolaoshan Gabbro-Diorite in the Western North Margin of Qaidam Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(09):1888~1903(in Chinese with English abstract).
SidibeM,Yalcin M G.2018.Petrography,mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of the Balaya bauxite deposits in Kindia region,Maritime Guinea,West Africa.Journal of African Earth Sciences,149:348~366.
Slobodan Radusinovi8,Rade Jelenkovi8,Aleksandar Pa8evski,Vladimir Simi8,Darko Bo6ovi8,Ivanka Holclajtner-Antunovi8,Draganaivoti8.2017.Content and mode of occurrences of rare earth elements in the Zagrad karstic bauxite deposit(Nik2i8area,Montenegro).Ore Geology Reviews,80:406~428.
Smith Stegen K.2015.Heavy rare earths,permanent magnets,and renewable energies:An imminent crisis.Energy Policy,79:1~8.
Sun Pengfei,Jiang Sihong,Xue Chunji,Bai Daming,Han Ning.2016.Geochemical characteristics and Ore-Controlling Factros of the bauxite deposits in Darling Range,Western Australia.Geological Review,62(1):171~186(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Pengfei,Jiang Sihong,Han Ning.2018.Geochemical characteristics and source of the laterite-type bauxite deposit in Darling Range,Western Australia.Acta Geologica Sinica,92(3):587~603(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Silei.2011.Geologoical and geochemical characteristics of Kuancaoping bauxite deposit in Ningwu County,Shanxi Province.A Dissertation Submitted to China University of Geosciences for Doctoral Degree,1~67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Silei,Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Wang Yanru,Meng Jianyin,Li Desheng,Zhao Zengyi,Duan Hongmei,Yang Zhonghua,Wu Jianbin.2012.Geologoical and geochemical characteristics of the Shiqiang bauxite deposit in Shanxi Province.Geology and Prospecting,48(3):487~501(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Yanjie,Jia Jianye,Liu Jianchao.2001.Preliminary study on occurrence state of Gallium in Dui Jia Gou bauxite deposits and its controlling factors in the Western areas of Henan Province.Geology and Prospecting,37(6):9~12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Taylor SR,McLennan S M.1985.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution.London:Blackwell Scientific,328.
Temur S.2006.A geochemical approach to parent rocks of the Maatda4i diasporic bauxite,alanya,antalya,Southern Turkey.Geochemistry International,44(9):941~952.
Temur S,Orhan H,Deli A.2009.Geochemistry of the limestone of mortas formation and related terra rossa,seydisehir,konya,Turkey.Geochemistry International,47(1):67~93.
TorróL,Proenza JA,Aiglsperger T,Bover-Arnal T,Villanova-deBenavent C,Rodríguez-García D,Ramírez A,Rodríguez J,Mosquea LA,Salas R.2017.Geological,geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE-bearing Las Mercedes bauxite deposit,Dominican Republic.Ore Geology Reviews,89:114~131.
Tsakanika L V,Maria Th Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou,Mendrinos LN.2004.Investigation of the separation of scandium and rare earth elements from red mud by use of reversed-phase hplc.Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,379(5~6):796~802.
Tuo Biyang,Wang Jianli,Zhang Qin.2007.Occurrence and utilization of rare earth element in bauxite.Chinese Rare Earths,28(1):117~119(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vind J,Malfliet A,Blanpain B,Tsakiridis P E,Tkaczyk A H,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018a.Rare Earth Element Phases in Bauxite Residue.Minerals,8(2):1~32.
Vind J,Malfliet A,Bonomi C,Prn Paiste,SajóI E,Blanpain B,Tkaczyk A H,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018b.Modes of occurrences of scandium ingreek bauxite and bauxite residue.Minerals Engineering,123(123):35~48.
Vind J,Alexandri A,Vassiliadou V,Panias D.2018c.Distribution of Selected Trace Elements in the Bayer Process.Metals,8(5):327.DOI:10.3390/met8050327.
Wang Denghong,Wang Ruijiang,Li Jiankang,Zhao Zhi,Yu Yang,Dai Jingjing,Chen Zhenhui,Li Dexian,Qu Wenjun,Deng Maochun,Fu Xiaofang,Sun Yan,Zhen Guodong.2013a.The progress in the strategic research and survey of rare earth,rare metal and rare-scattered elements mineral resources.Chinese Geology,40(2):361~370(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Denghong,Li Peigan,Qu Wenjun,Lei Zhiyuan,Liao Youchang.2013b.Discovery and preliminary study of the high tungsten and lithium contents in the Dazhuyuan bauxite deposit,Guizhou,China.Science China:Earth Sciences,56:145~152(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yinxi,Li Huiming,Yang Jiedong,Qiu Liwen,Chai Donghao,Chen Ping.2000.Discovery of Palaeoweathering type rare and rare earth element deposits in Nouthern China and its significance.Geological Journal of China Universities,6(4):605~606(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Liu Xuefei,Zhang Qizuan,Sun Silei,&Jiang Chengzhu,Zhou Fang.2010.Discovery of the ree minerals and its geological significance in the Quyang bauxite deposit,West Guangxi,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39(6):701~712.
Wang Qingfei,Deng Jun,Liu Xuefei,Zhang Qizuan,Li Zhong ming,Kang Wei,Cai Shuhui,Li Ning.2012a.Review on research of bauxite geology and genesis in China.Geology and Prospecting,48(3):430~448(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Qingfei,Liu Xuefei,Yan Changhai,Cai Shuhui,Li Zhongming,Wang Yanru,Zhao Jianming,Li Gongjian.2012b.Mineralogical and geochemical studies of boron-rich bauxite ore deposits in the Songqi region,SWHenan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,48(48):258~270.
Wang Xiaomei,Jiao Yangquan,Du Yuansheng,Ling Wenli,Wu Liqun,Cui Tao,Zhou Qi,Jin Zhongguo,Lei Zhiyuan,Weng Shenfu.2013.REE mobility and Ce anomaly in bauxite deposit of WZD area,Northern Guizhou,China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133(5):103~117.
Wang Xiaomei,Jiao Yangquan,Du Yuansheng,Zhou Qi,Cui Tao,Ji Bo,Lei Zhiyuan Weng Shenfu,Jin Zhongguo,XiongXing.2013.Rare earth element geochemistry of bauxite in WuchuanZheng an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province.Geological Science and Technology Information,32(1):27~33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei Xiao,Ji Hongbing,Li Daojing,Zhang Fenglei,Wang Shijie.2013.Material source analysis and element geochemical research about two types of representative bauxite deposits and terra rossa inWestern Guangxi,Southern China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,133:68~87.
Xie Feng,Zhang Tingan,Dreisinger D,Doyle F.2014.A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions.Minerals Engineering,56(2):10~28.
Ye Feng,Dong Guochen,Meng Zhaoguo,Jin Ning,Hou Zanguo,Yang Quanlin,Liu Jing.2015.Geochemical features of rareearth elements of the bauxite deposit in the Gaojiashan region,Shanxi Province and their implications.Geology and Prospecting,51(3):486~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Lin,Cheng Zengtao,Pan Ziping.2007.The REE Geochemical Characteristics of the Xiaoshanba Bauxite Deposit,Guizhou.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,26(3):228~233(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Lin,Pan Ziping,Cheng Zengtao.2008.The regularites of distribution of associated elements in Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit,GuiZhou.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,28(2):105~111(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Wenchao,Wang Ruihu,Zhang Qilian,Du Yuansheng,Chen Yue,Liang Yuping.2014.Mineralogical and geochemical evolution of theFusui bauxite deposit in Guangxi,South China:From the original permian orebody to a quarternary salentotype deposit.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,146:75~88.
Yuste A,Bauluz B,Mayayo María José.2017.Origin and geochemical evolution from ferrallitized clays to karst bauxite:An example from the lower cretaceous of nespain.Ore Geology Reviews,84:67~79.
Zarasvandi A,Carranza E J M,Ellahi,S.S.2012.Geological,geochemical,and mineralogical characteristics of theMandan and Deh-now bauxite deposits,zagros fold belt,Iran.Ore Geology Reviews,48(48):125~138.
Zhang Na,Li Hongxu,Liu Xiaoming.2016.Recovery of scandium from bauxite residue-red mud:a review.Rare Metals,35(12):887~900.
Zhang Shangqing,Zhang Wenxu,Zhong Zhuanghua,Zhao Jun,Sun Kai,Cao Yaqi.2018.REE geochemical characteristics and geological significance of bauxite from Xing County,Shanxi Province.Journal of The Chinese Rare Earth Society,36(03):85~96(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Wenzhong,Koivula R,Wiikinkoski E,Xu Junhua,Hietala S,Lehto J,Harjula R.2017.Efficient and Selective Recovery of Trace Scandium by Inorganic Titanium Phosphate IonExchangers from Leachates of Waste Bauxite Residue.ACSSustainable Chemistry&Engineering,5(4):3103~3114.
Zhang Xuekai,Zhou Kanggen,Chen Wei,Lei Qingyuan,Huang Ying,Peng Changhong.2019.Recovery of iron and rare earth elements from red mud through an acid leaching-stepwise extraction approach.Journal of Central South University,26(2):458~466.
Zhou Kanggen,Teng Chunying,Zhang Xuekai,Peng Changhong Chen Wei.2018.Enhanced selective leaching of scandium from red mud.Hydrometallurgy,182:57~63.
陈华,姚会禄,陈启飞.2012.黔中地区含铝岩系中钪的分布及丰度研究.贵州地质,29(4):270~274.
陈莉,李军敏,杨波,吕涛,李再会.2013.渝南吴家湾铝土矿含矿岩系中钪的分布规律研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(4):468~474.
黄智龙,金中国,向贤礼,谷静,武国辉,陈兴龙,苏之良,赵远由,叶霖,邹林.2014.黔北务正道铝土矿成矿理论及预测.北京:科学出版社,1~242.
金中国,周家喜,黄智龙,代龙省,谢樨,彭松,谷静.2015.黔北务-正-道地区典型铝土矿床伴生有益元素锂、镓和钪分布规律.中国地质,42(6):1910~1918.
江彪,武广,陈毓川,张通,刘文元,张彤,李雪娇.2018.内蒙古巴林左旗双尖子山银多金属矿床微量稀土元素特征及其矿床成因制约.地质学报,92(04):769~786.
刘宝珺主编.1980.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,235~241.
刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,王鹤年,储同庆,张景荣.1984.元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,187~215.
李军敏,丁俊,尹福光,廖朝贵,陈阳,吕涛,陈莉.2012.渝南申基坪铝土矿矿区钪的分布规律及地球化学特征研究.沉积学报,30(5):909~918.
李军敏,陈莉,徐金沙,闫武,吕涛,杨波,陈阳.2013.渝南大佛岩矿区铝土矿碎屑锆石中钪的赋存形式研究.沉积学报,31(4):630~638.
李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,吴承泉.2013.贵州省苦李井铝土矿地球化学特征及成因探讨.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(5):558~566.
李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,吴承泉.2014.贵州省遵义铝土矿矿物学及地球化学特征.矿物学报,34(2):234~246.
李沛刚,王登红,赵芝,雷志远,翁申富,杜芳应,叶德书,顾文鳌,高兰,熊星.2014.贵州大竹园铝土矿矿床地质、地球化学与成矿规律.北京:科学出版社,1~212.
龙克树,付勇,陈蕤,叶远谋,严爽,陈满志.2019.黔北铝土矿稀土元素富集机制---以新民铝土矿为例.矿物学报,39.DOI:10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2019.39.055.
孟健寅,王庆飞,刘学飞,孙思磊,李德胜,赵增益,杨中华,武建斌.2011.山西交口县庞家庄铝土矿矿物学与地球化学研究.地质与勘探,47(4),593~604.
裴浩翔,付勇,徐志刚,温宏利,安正泽.2015.贵州道坨锰矿菱锰矿的稀土元素特征.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):76~85.
邵鹏程,陈世悦,孙娇鹏,马帅,刘金,汪峰.2018.柴达木盆地北缘西段嗷唠山辉长闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征.地质学报,92(09):1888~1903.
孙思磊.2011.山西宁武县宽草坪铝土矿床地质与地球化学特征研究.中国地质大学(北京),1~67.
孙思磊,王庆飞,刘学飞,王艳茹,孟健寅,李德胜,赵增益,段红梅,杨中华,武建斌.2012.山西省石墙区铝土矿地质与地球化学特征研究.地质与勘探,48(3):487~501.
孙朋飞,江思宏,薛春纪,白大明,韩宁.2016.西澳Darling Range地区铝土矿特征及成矿控制因素.地质论评,62(1):171~186.
孙朋飞,江思宏,韩宁.2018.西澳Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿地球化学特征及源区研究.地质学报,92(3):587~603.
汤艳杰,贾建业,刘建朝.2001.豫西杜家沟铝土矿中镓的分布规律及控制因素浅析.地质与勘探,37(6):9~12.
庹必阳,王建丽,张覃.2007.稀土元素在铝土矿中的赋存状态及利用现状.稀土,28(1):117~119.
王银喜,李惠民,杨杰东,裘丽雯,柴东浩,陈平.2000.华北古风化壳型稀有稀土矿床的发现及意义.高校地质学报,6(4):605~606.
王庆飞,邓军,刘学飞,张起钻,李中明,康微,蔡书慧,李宁.2012a.铝土矿地质与成因研究进展.地质与勘探,48(3):430~448.
王登红,王瑞江,李建康,赵芝,于扬,代晶晶,陈郑辉,李德先,屈文俊,邓茂春,付小方,孙艳,郑国栋.2013a.中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述.中国地质,40(2):361~370.
王登红,李沛刚,屈文俊,雷志远,廖友常.2013b.贵州大竹园铝土矿中钨和锂的发现与综合评价.中国科学:地球科学,43(1):44~51.
王登红等.2018.中国矿产地质志(钨矿卷).北京:地质出版社.
汪小妹,焦养泉,杜远生,周琦,崔滔,计波,雷志远,翁申富,金中国,熊星.2013.黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征.地质科技情报32(1):27~33.
叶霖,程曾涛,潘自平.2007.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中稀土元素地球化学特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,26(3):228~233.
叶霖,潘自平,程增涛.2008.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中镓等伴生元素分布规律研究.矿物学报,28(2):105~111.
叶枫,董国臣,孟兆国,靳宁,侯占国,杨全林,刘晶.2015.山西高家山铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及意义.地质与勘探,51(3):486~495.
中国地图出版社编著.2016.新编实用中国地图册.北京:中国地图出版社.
张尚清,张文旭,钟庄华,赵军,孙凯,曹亚琪.2018.山西省兴县铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义.中国稀土学报,36(03):85~96.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |