土地质量地球化学评价成果与若干问题探讨:以浙江省金华市汤溪镇为例
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摘要
为进一步总结完善丘陵盆地区中大比例尺土地质量地球化学调查评价方法技术,2013年在中国地质调查局的支持下,选择浙江省金华市汤溪镇农用地分布区开展了试点调查和采样密度对比试验。基于调查数据进行了土壤酸碱度(p H)、土壤养分丰缺、土壤环境质量和土壤质量地球化学综合评价与分级,探讨了丘陵盆地区野外采样密度。结果表明:区内土壤p H值低、酸性土壤广泛分布;土壤养分元素氮、磷、钾普遍缺乏;土壤环境质量总体较好,仅局部地区出现重金属元素超标;土壤质量地球化学综合等级以一等、二等为主,优良土地面积占调查区的92. 6%,土壤酸性强、养分缺乏是影响调查区土地质量的主要原因,建议采取适当措施调控土壤酸碱度、补充土壤养分;丘陵盆地区中大比例尺土地质量地球化学调查应适当提高土壤采样密度,有效控制土地利用图斑,以便于调查成果在土地资源管护中的应用。
In order to summarize and improve the methods of middle to large-scale land quality geochemical survey and evaluation,a pilot survey organized by the China Geological Survey was conducted in 2013 in Tangxi Town,Jinhua City,Zhejiang Province,a typical hilly-basin area at south China. Agricultural land was the main object of survey,and a sampling density test was conducted covering an area with several types of land-use. The survey area is approximately 90 square kilometers,and the sampling density varies from 9 to 16 points per square kilometer. Soil pH,soil environment quality,nutrient level,and soil quality were evaluated and graded based on elemental concentrations. The results indicate that soil pH is relatively low and about 90% of the survey area is acid-stage soil; nutrient elements in soils are not abundant,about 40% of the area is lack of nitrogen and potassium,73% lack of phosphorus; soil environment quality is good and about 92. 6% of the land is ofhigh quality grade. Soil acidification and infertility are the main problems for the survey area. Therefore,it is urgent to take measures to neutralize acid soil and replenish fertilization. The sampling density should be increased so that the survey data can be directly used for land resource management at hilly-basin areas.
In order to summarize and improve the methods of middle to large-scale land quality geochemical survey and evaluation,a pilot survey organized by the China Geological Survey was conducted in 2013 in Tangxi Town,Jinhua City,Zhejiang Province,a typical hilly-basin area at south China. Agricultural land was the main object of survey,and a sampling density test was conducted covering an area with several types of land-use. The survey area is approximately 90 square kilometers,and the sampling density varies from 9 to 16 points per square kilometer. Soil pH,soil environment quality,nutrient level,and soil quality were evaluated and graded based on elemental concentrations. The results indicate that soil pH is relatively low and about 90% of the survey area is acid-stage soil; nutrient elements in soils are not abundant,about 40% of the area is lack of nitrogen and potassium,73% lack of phosphorus; soil environment quality is good and about 92. 6% of the land is ofhigh quality grade. Soil acidification and infertility are the main problems for the survey area. Therefore,it is urgent to take measures to neutralize acid soil and replenish fertilization. The sampling density should be increased so that the survey data can be directly used for land resource management at hilly-basin areas.
引文
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[20]刘国栋,崔玉军,刘立芬,等.土地质量地球化学评价方法研究与应用:以黑龙江省宏胜镇为例[J].现代地质,2017,31(1):167-176.
[21]周国华,郑文,刘占元,等.平原区中大比例尺土壤地球化学调查采样方法:浙江省平湖市试验研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):306-315.
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[23]文帮勇,杨忠芳,侯青叶,等.江西鄱阳湖地区土壤酸化与人为源氮的关系[J].现代地质,2011,25(3):562-568.
[24]俞震豫.浙江土壤[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1994:25-37.
[25]吴道铭,傅友强,于智卫,等.我国南方红壤酸化和铝中毒现状及防治[J].土壤,2013,45(4):577-584.
[26]周国华.土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1097-1106.
[27] VEGA F A,COVELO E F,ANDRADE M L. Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals in mine soils:influence of mine soil characteristics[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,298(2):582-592.
[28]徐仁扣.酸化红壤的修复原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:32-33.
[29]宗良纲,周俊,罗敏,等.模拟酸雨对茶园土壤中铅的溶出及形态转化的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):695-699.
[30]钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.模拟酸雨对土壤重金属镉形态转化的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(4):566-571.
[31] KOCHIAN L V,HOEKENGA O A,PIEROS M A. How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2004,55(1):459-493.
[32]林咸永,章永松,杨肖娥.浙江省酸性土壤中作物养分障碍因子的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(2):194-198.
[33]孙波,张桃林,赵其国.南方红壤丘陵区养分贫瘠化的综合评价[J].土壤,1995(3):119-128.
[34]边武英,董越勇,周江明.浙江省水稻土四大土属土壤养分状况及变化特征[J].浙江农业学报,2009,21(4):354
[35]陆若辉,陈思力,沈月.降低浙江农田化肥施肥强度对策分析[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(8):1293-1295,1301.
[2]梁红霞,史春鸿.当涂县土地质量地球化学评估[J].安徽地质,2014,24(2):122-126.
[3]魏静,李宏亮,罗建美,等.坝上地区土地质量地球化学评估:以河北省尚义县为例[J].现代地质,2014,28(3):531-536.
[4]王文俊.福建省寿宁县1∶25万土地质量地球化学评估[J].中国地质,2014,41(2):665-674.
[5]卢婷,王明霞,任蕊,等.陕西关中地区土地质量地球化学评估[J].现代地质,2013,27(4):986-992.
[6]曹俊,陈斌,李文辉.四川双流县永安镇梨园村土地质量地球化学评估[J].四川地质学报,2009,29:168-178.
[7]张素荣,赵更新,贺福清,等.海河流域平原区土地质量地球化学评估[J].地质调查与研究,2013,36(3):182-188.
[8]任家强,汪景宽,杨晓波,等.辽河中下游平原土地质量地球化学评价及空间分布研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(2):208-211.
[9]贺灵,孙彬彬,周国华,等.浙中丘陵盆地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查方法研究[J].现代地质,2016,30(6):1285-1293.
[10]俞元春,丁爱芳,胡笳,等.模拟酸雨对土壤酸化和盐基迁移的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,2001,25(2):39-42.
[11]魏静,张久祥,郑小刚,等.河北枣强土地质量地球化学评估[J].世界地质,2015,34(3):853-861.
[12]孙梓耀,王菲,张立东.黑龙江省甘南县河间地块典型地段土地质量地球化学评估[J].绥化学院学报,2014,34(6):142-146.
[13]刘冰权,周梵,尹国胜,等.江西丰城董家—尚庄地区土地质量地球化学评估方法[J].地质学刊,2017,41(1):148-153.
[14]方金梅.龙海市北部土地质量地球化学评估肥力指标特征研究[J].福建地质,2013,32(3):228-235.
[15]王玉婷,白宪洲,杨学俊,等.内江市威远县镇西镇土地整理区土地质量地球化学评估[J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):551-560.
[16]赵西强.山东省章丘市土地质量地球化学评估[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(27):16-20.
[17]刘军保,黄春雷,岑静,等.土地质量地球化学评估方法研究:以慈溪市为例[J].资源调查与环境,2010,31(1):50-59.
[18]于成广,杨忠芳,杨晓波,等.土地质量地球化学评估方法研究与应用:以盘锦市为例[J].现代地质,2012,26(5):873-878.
[19]王立胜,汪媛媛,余涛,等.土地质量地球化学评估与绿色产能评价研究:以吉林大安市为例[J].现代地质,2012,26(5):879-885.
[20]刘国栋,崔玉军,刘立芬,等.土地质量地球化学评价方法研究与应用:以黑龙江省宏胜镇为例[J].现代地质,2017,31(1):167-176.
[21]周国华,郑文,刘占元,等.平原区中大比例尺土壤地球化学调查采样方法:浙江省平湖市试验研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):306-315.
[22]简中华,王世纪,黄春雷,等.不同采样密度的土地质量地球化学评估结果对比:以浙江省龙游县为例[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):176-181.
[23]文帮勇,杨忠芳,侯青叶,等.江西鄱阳湖地区土壤酸化与人为源氮的关系[J].现代地质,2011,25(3):562-568.
[24]俞震豫.浙江土壤[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1994:25-37.
[25]吴道铭,傅友强,于智卫,等.我国南方红壤酸化和铝中毒现状及防治[J].土壤,2013,45(4):577-584.
[26]周国华.土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1097-1106.
[27] VEGA F A,COVELO E F,ANDRADE M L. Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals in mine soils:influence of mine soil characteristics[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,298(2):582-592.
[28]徐仁扣.酸化红壤的修复原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:32-33.
[29]宗良纲,周俊,罗敏,等.模拟酸雨对茶园土壤中铅的溶出及形态转化的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):695-699.
[30]钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.模拟酸雨对土壤重金属镉形态转化的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(4):566-571.
[31] KOCHIAN L V,HOEKENGA O A,PIEROS M A. How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2004,55(1):459-493.
[32]林咸永,章永松,杨肖娥.浙江省酸性土壤中作物养分障碍因子的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(2):194-198.
[33]孙波,张桃林,赵其国.南方红壤丘陵区养分贫瘠化的综合评价[J].土壤,1995(3):119-128.
[34]边武英,董越勇,周江明.浙江省水稻土四大土属土壤养分状况及变化特征[J].浙江农业学报,2009,21(4):354
[35]陆若辉,陈思力,沈月.降低浙江农田化肥施肥强度对策分析[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(8):1293-1295,1301.
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