重载车辆在不平整路面的动荷载响应分析
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摘要
为更加准确的研究重载车辆在不平整路面上的振动响应情况,通过对四轴重载车辆建立七自由度(1+1+5)路面耦合动力学模型,并对该模型进行两个双自由度和一个三自由度的车载振动模型简化分解,借助MATLAB数学计算软件编写程序实现车辆动荷载的计算。研究结果表明:由于车辆在不平整路面上的振动响应,四轴重载车辆的拖车后轮产生的动荷载最大,挂车前轮、后轮动荷载相差较小,变化趋势相对平缓;车辆动荷载随着路面不平整度波长的增加出现两个峰值,当波长增加到一定程度时,最大动荷载趋近车辆振动系统的自重,此时可认为路面趋于平整;路面振幅对于动荷载的影响较大,最大动荷载与振幅呈现正相关;超载问题是影响道路使用寿命的主要"杀手",为了避免道路的进一步损坏,增长其使用寿命,有关部门应当严格控制车辆的超载现象。
In order to study the vibration response of heavy vehicles on the uneven pavement more accurately,the pavement coupling dynamic model of seven degrees of freedom( 1 + 1 + 5) of the four-axle heavy vehicle was established,and the proposed model was decomposed and simplified into two DOF and one three DOF vehicle vibration models. And the dynamic load of the vehicle was calculated by programming with the help of MATLAB mathematical calculation software. The results show that: because of the vibration response of vehicle on uneven road surface,the trailer rear wheel of four-axle heavy vehicle produces the greatest dynamic load,and the difference between the front wheel and rear wheel of trailer is small,so the change trend is relatively flat. There are two peaks of vehicle dynamic load with the increase of the wavelength of road roughness. When the wavelength of road roughness increases to a certain extent,the maximum dynamic load approaches the self-weight of the vehicle vibration system,and it can be considered that the road surface tends to be flat. The pavement amplitude has rather a great influence on the dynamic load,and the maximum dynamic load is positively correlated with the amplitude. Overload is the main"killer"affecting the service life of road. In order to avoid further damage of the road and increase the service life,the relevant departments should strictly control the phenomenon of overload of vehicles.
In order to study the vibration response of heavy vehicles on the uneven pavement more accurately,the pavement coupling dynamic model of seven degrees of freedom( 1 + 1 + 5) of the four-axle heavy vehicle was established,and the proposed model was decomposed and simplified into two DOF and one three DOF vehicle vibration models. And the dynamic load of the vehicle was calculated by programming with the help of MATLAB mathematical calculation software. The results show that: because of the vibration response of vehicle on uneven road surface,the trailer rear wheel of four-axle heavy vehicle produces the greatest dynamic load,and the difference between the front wheel and rear wheel of trailer is small,so the change trend is relatively flat. There are two peaks of vehicle dynamic load with the increase of the wavelength of road roughness. When the wavelength of road roughness increases to a certain extent,the maximum dynamic load approaches the self-weight of the vehicle vibration system,and it can be considered that the road surface tends to be flat. The pavement amplitude has rather a great influence on the dynamic load,and the maximum dynamic load is positively correlated with the amplitude. Overload is the main"killer"affecting the service life of road. In order to avoid further damage of the road and increase the service life,the relevant departments should strictly control the phenomenon of overload of vehicles.
引文
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[2]SIDDHARTHAN I V,KRISHNAMENON N EL,MOUSLY M. Investigation of tire contact stress distributions on pavement response[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2002,128(2):136-144.
[3]邓学钧,孙璐.车辆—地面结构系统动力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000.DENG Xuejun,SUN Lu. Vehicle-Ground Structure System Dynamics[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2000.
[4]成祥生.弹性地基板由运动荷载引起的动力反应[J].应用数学与力学,1987,8(4):347-355.CHENG Xiangsheng. Dyamic response of plates on elastic foundations due to the moving loads[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,1987,8(4):347-355.
[5]王直民,张土乔,吴小刚.不平整路面上的车辆等效动载系数[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2007,41(6):1007-1011.WANG Zhimin,ZHANG Tuqiao,WU Xiaogang. Equivalent vehicle dynamic load coefficient onrough pavement[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2007,41(6):1007-1011.
[6]刘干斌,汪鹏程,姚海林,等.矩形运动荷载作用下软土地基的三维振动研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(10):1658-1662.LIU Ganbin,WANG Pengcheng,YAO Hailin,et al. 3D ground vibration of a soft subgrade in the vicinity of a moving rectangular load[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(10):1658-1662.
[7]陈正伟,徐松,张洪亮,等.基于实测高程和整车模型的沥青路面平整度力学预估方法[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(5):58-66.CHEN Zhengwei,XU Song,ZHANG Hongliang,et al. Mechanical method of predicting asphalt pavement roughness using real pavement profile and complete vehicle model[J]. Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2018,38(5):58-66.
[8]苏曼曼,张洪亮.基于整车模型的沥青路面平整度评价方法[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(3):361-366.SU Manman, ZHANG Hongliang. Evaluation method of asphalt pavement roughness based on full car model[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition),2017,38(3):361-366.
[9]宋国民,狄洪平.基于传递函数的汽车整车模型[J].北京汽车,2000(3):12-14.SONG Guomin,DI Hongping. The whole vehicle model based on transfer function[J]. Beijing Automobile,2000(3):12-14.
[10]何仁,申小敏.半挂汽车列车联合制动系统性能仿真分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(5):165-173.HE Ren,SHEN Xiaomin. Performance simulation and analysis of the united braking system of tractor semi-trailer[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2016,35(5):165-173.
[11]靳晓雄,张立军,江浩.汽车振动分析[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002.JIN Xiaoxiong, ZHANG Lijun, JIANG Hao. Vehicle Vibration Analysis[M]. Shanghai:Tongji University press,2002.
[12]杨春风,解帅,孙吉书.基于路面不平整度的车辆动荷载系数分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(4):77-80.YANG Chunfeng,XIE Shuai,SUN Jishu. Vehicle dynamic load coefficient analysis based on pavement roughness[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Sciences),2015,34(4):77-80.
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