云应盆地东北部含水层结构特征及地下水转化模式
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摘要
云应盆地东北部属鄂北贫水地区,赋存于古近系—第四系含水层中的地下水是当地生产、生活用水的主要来源,亟需查明含水层的结构、含水层间地下水的转化关系等基本条件,为研究区内合理开发利用地下水提供依据。本研究通过野外水文地质调查、水文地质钻探工作,将研究区划分为单层含水层与双层含水层结构两个亚区(6个小区)。并通过地下水水位动态长期监测,获取了区内不同含水层的水位动态变化特征,分析各含水层之间的水力联系,建立了区域地下水转化的概念模式,即:研究区地下水以接受山前降雨入渗及风化裂隙水侧向径流补给为主,主要以水平径流的形式经古近系孔隙-裂隙含水层及第四系孔隙承压含水层往澴水方向运移,而后进入第四系孔隙潜水含水层。地下水和地表水在不同季节补排模式不同,雨季地表水(澴水)补给地下水,旱季地下水向地表水(澴水)排泄。古近系孔隙-裂隙水与上覆第四系孔隙水联系密切互为补给,共同构成具有统一水力联系的垂向多层结构的含水系统。独特的含水层结构决定了区内地下水接受降水补给的条件较差,地下水可开采资源量总体较贫乏,建议重点利用区域地表水资源,适度开发地下水资源,推进农业节水灌溉工程,实现水资源可持续利用。
Water resources are rare in the northeast part of the Yunying Basin in northern Hubei. Groundwater in the Paleogene-Quaternary aquifers is the main source of water for production and domestic use. It is urgent to examine the aquifer structure and the relation of groundwater conversion between the aquifers,and provide the hydrogeological basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater in this area. Through hydrogeological survey and drilling,the study area is divided into two sub-regions( six subregions),and the dynamic characteristics of groundwater levels of different aquifers are obtained by long-term monitoring of groundwater level dynamics. A model describing the relationship between aquifer recharge, runoff and excretion is established. The groundwater receives recharge from rainfall and lateral runoff recharge of weathered fissure groundwater in the metamorphic rocks,and mainly discharges in the form of horizontal runoff through the Paleogene pore-fissure aquifer and Quaternary pore confined aquifer,and then flows into the unconsolidated unconfined aquifer. Groundwater and surface water supplement and excrete each other in different seasons. The pore-fissure groundwater is closely related to the pore groundwater,which is recharged to each other and forms a vertical multi-layer water-bearing system with unified hydraulic connection. The unique aquifer structure determines the conditions for groundwater receiving poor recharge in the region,and the groundwater resources are generally poor. It is recommended to focus on the use of regional surface water resources,moderately develop groundwater resources,promote agricultural water-saving irrigation projects,and realize sustainable use of water resources.
Water resources are rare in the northeast part of the Yunying Basin in northern Hubei. Groundwater in the Paleogene-Quaternary aquifers is the main source of water for production and domestic use. It is urgent to examine the aquifer structure and the relation of groundwater conversion between the aquifers,and provide the hydrogeological basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater in this area. Through hydrogeological survey and drilling,the study area is divided into two sub-regions( six subregions),and the dynamic characteristics of groundwater levels of different aquifers are obtained by long-term monitoring of groundwater level dynamics. A model describing the relationship between aquifer recharge, runoff and excretion is established. The groundwater receives recharge from rainfall and lateral runoff recharge of weathered fissure groundwater in the metamorphic rocks,and mainly discharges in the form of horizontal runoff through the Paleogene pore-fissure aquifer and Quaternary pore confined aquifer,and then flows into the unconsolidated unconfined aquifer. Groundwater and surface water supplement and excrete each other in different seasons. The pore-fissure groundwater is closely related to the pore groundwater,which is recharged to each other and forms a vertical multi-layer water-bearing system with unified hydraulic connection. The unique aquifer structure determines the conditions for groundwater receiving poor recharge in the region,and the groundwater resources are generally poor. It is recommended to focus on the use of regional surface water resources,moderately develop groundwater resources,promote agricultural water-saving irrigation projects,and realize sustainable use of water resources.
引文
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[13]赵德君.江汉平原及鄂北岗地地下水资源的开发利用[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(4):69-72.[ZHAO D J. Development and utilization of groundwater resources in Jianghan Plain and north Hubei plateau[J]. Resources Environment&Engineering,2014,18(4):69-72.(in Chinese)]
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[15]何国峰,张云,孙铁,等.周期性开采和回灌条件下浅层地下水位变化特征研究———以天津滨海新区为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2016(6):27-34.[HE G F,ZHANG Y,SUN T,et al. Variation characteristics of shallow groundwater levels under periodic pumping and recharge test:exemplified by Tianjin Binhai New Area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology, 2016(6):27-34.(in Chinese)]
[16]谭伟,刘云彪,张军,等.孝感城区地下水开发利用及监测体系建设[J].资源环境与工程,2013,27(3):279-283.[TAN W,LIU Y B,ZHANG J,et al. Development, utilization of groundwater and Construction of Monitoring System in Xiaogan[J].Resources Environment&Engineering, 2013, 27(3):279-283.(in Chinese)]
[17]潘娜娜,冯雄彪,方星萍.孝感市地下水资源保护利用与对策[J].科技创新导报,2016,13(1):76-78.[PAN N N, FENG X B, FANG X P.Protection and utilization of groundwater resources in Xiaogan and its countermeasures[J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2016,13(1):76-78.(in Chinese)]
[2]侯光才,林学钰,苏小四,等.鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地地下水系统研究[J].吉林大学学報(地球科学版),2006,36(3):391-398.[HOU G C,LIN X Y,SU X S, et al. Study on groundwater system of Cretaceous basin in Ordos[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2006,36(3):391-398.(in Chinese)]
[3]武选民,史生胜,黎志恒,等.西北黑河下游额济纳盆地地下水系统研究(上)[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(2):30-33.[WU X M,SHI S S,LI Z H,et al. Study on groundwater system in Ejina Basin, Northwest Heihe River(Part I)[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2002,29(2):30-33.(in Chinese)]
[4]权董杰.二维盆地地下水流模式与转化规律分析[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2011.[QUAN D J. Analysis of groundwater flow pattern and transformation law in Two-Dimensional basin[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2011.(in Chinese)]
[5]李云峰,冯建国,王玮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层系统分析[J].西北地质,2004,37(2):90-96.[LI Y F,FENG J G,WANG W,et al. Analysis of Cretaceous aquifer system in Ordos Basin[J]. Northesetern Geology,2004,37(2):90-96.(in Chinese)]
[6]杨志岩,孙标,李元杰,等.内蒙古临河区地下水补径排特征及动态变化规律[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(6):63-67.[YANG Z Y,SUN B,LI Y J,et al.Characteristics and dynamics of groundwater recharge in Linhe District,Inner Mongolia[J]. Geolocical Survey of China,2016,3(6):63-67.(in Chinese)]
[7]梁杏,张人权,牛宏,等.地下水流系统理论与研究方法的发展[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(5):143-150.[LIANG X,ZHANG R Q,NIU H,et al. Development of theory and research methods of groundwater flow system[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(5):143-150.(in Chinese)]
[8]白铭,李续续,张静,等.新疆三塘湖盆地地下水赋存控制因素分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(1):47-52.[BAI M,LI X X,ZHANG J, et al. An analysis of the control factors of groundwater storage in the Santanghu Basin of Xinjiang[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(1):47-52.(in Chinese)]
[9]宋扬,周维博,马亚鑫,等.降水,河流径流量与开采对西安地区潜水流场影响分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):7-13.[SONG Y,ZHOU W B,MA Y X,et al. An analysis of the variation in groundwater flow field affected by precipitation,runoff and exploitation in Xi’an[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):7-13.(in Chinese)]
[10]邱开宏.鄂北岗地旱灾成因分析及其对策[J].节水灌溉,2001(6):27-29.[QIU K H. Analysis of the causes of drought in the north of Hubei province and its countermeasures[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2001(6):27-29.(in Chinese)]
[11]李智民,刘云彪,赵德君,等.鄂北严重缺水区地下水富集模式与找水实践[J].资源环境与工程,2014,28(6):899-903.[LI Z M,LIU Y B,ZHAO D J,et al. Groundwater enrichment model and water exploration in severe water shortage areas in northern Hubei Province[J]. Resources Environment&Engineering, 2014,28(6):899-903.(in Chinese)]
[12]陈常庆,黄守贵,黄远华,等.核磁共振在鄂北缺水丘陵地区的找水应用[J].工程勘察,2008(8):69-74.[CHEN C Q,HUANG S G,HUANG Y H,et al. Application of MRI in water exploration in water lacking hilly area of northern Hubei province[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Engineering,2008(8):69-74.(in Chinese)]
[13]赵德君.江汉平原及鄂北岗地地下水资源的开发利用[J].资源环境与工程,2004,18(4):69-72.[ZHAO D J. Development and utilization of groundwater resources in Jianghan Plain and north Hubei plateau[J]. Resources Environment&Engineering,2014,18(4):69-72.(in Chinese)]
[14]张陵,胡祥胜,关义涛,等.江汉平原第四纪含水层系统特征[J].资源环境与工程,2016,30(6):895-898.[ZHANG L,HU X S,GUAN Y T,et al.Characteristics of Quaternary aquifer system in Jianghan Plain[J]. Resource Environment&Engineering,2016,30(6):895-898.(in Chinese)]
[15]何国峰,张云,孙铁,等.周期性开采和回灌条件下浅层地下水位变化特征研究———以天津滨海新区为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2016(6):27-34.[HE G F,ZHANG Y,SUN T,et al. Variation characteristics of shallow groundwater levels under periodic pumping and recharge test:exemplified by Tianjin Binhai New Area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology, 2016(6):27-34.(in Chinese)]
[16]谭伟,刘云彪,张军,等.孝感城区地下水开发利用及监测体系建设[J].资源环境与工程,2013,27(3):279-283.[TAN W,LIU Y B,ZHANG J,et al. Development, utilization of groundwater and Construction of Monitoring System in Xiaogan[J].Resources Environment&Engineering, 2013, 27(3):279-283.(in Chinese)]
[17]潘娜娜,冯雄彪,方星萍.孝感市地下水资源保护利用与对策[J].科技创新导报,2016,13(1):76-78.[PAN N N, FENG X B, FANG X P.Protection and utilization of groundwater resources in Xiaogan and its countermeasures[J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2016,13(1):76-78.(in Chinese)]
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