川西大型战略性新兴产业矿产基地勘查进展及其开发利用研究
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摘要
四川西部阿坝、甘孜和凉山三州矿产资源丰富,而且矿种齐全,稀有、稀土和稀散金属矿产相互配套,尤其是以牦牛坪为代表的稀土和以甲基卡为代表的稀有金属矿床都是全国知名的大型超大型优质关键矿产,对于战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要。此外,川西还有以大水沟独立碲矿以及伴生在有色金属和铁矿中的钒、钛资源,也都是战略性新兴产业发展必不可少的关键矿产。川西的锂矿资源丰富,硬岩型锂矿储量国内第一,而且品位高,宜采选,工艺成熟,经济效益好。除了甲基卡之外,还有石渠扎乌龙、马尔康党坝等一系列同类型的大中型锂矿,为锂矿工业的发展提供了充分的资源保障。在甲基卡新发现的新三号脉(X03),是目前世界上已知最富集~6Li的锂矿脉(盐湖锂一般富集~7Li),~6Li又是制造氢弹等核武器和今后实现可控核聚变发电的关键原材料,战略意义十分重大。无论是正在开采的甲基卡、李家沟、党坝还是尚未开发的扎乌龙等硬岩型锂矿,都是轻金属矿产地,总体上处于承载力较强、风险较小的地理环境,只要加强管控,矿业开发对环境的影响是完全可控的。川西地区矿业开发的外部条件正在改善,尤其是交通条件的改善和以脱贫致富为目标的民族政策的落实,一方面为新兴产业的发展创造了外部条件,另一方面也为改变民族地区的落后面貌提供了机遇。川西地区尤其是成都、绵阳、德阳、雅安、攀枝花等大中型城市具有资金、技术、人才等方面的优势,不但可为新兴产业的发展提供多方面的支持,其本身也是一个巨大的市场。总之,川西大型战略性新兴产业矿产资源基地的建设,不但有助于为国家提供关键矿产的资源保障,也是社会经济发展的迫切需要,既符合国家目标,也符合人民利益,应该加强地质勘查、综合利用与高端开发。
In western Sichuan, mineral resources are rich in Aba Tibetan-Qiang autonomous prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture and Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, and the mineral resources are complete, with rare metals, rare earth metals and rare scatted metals minerals match each other. In particular, the rare earth deposits represented by the Maoniuping deposit located in Mianning county, Liangshan, and the rare metal deposits represented by the Jiajika spodumene deposit located in Ganzi are famous large-super large and high quality key minerals in China, which are very important for the development of strategic emerging industries. In addition, the independent tellurite ore deposit in Dashuigou and the vanadium and titanium resources associated with non-ferrous metals and iron ores in Panzhihua and other iron deposits in western Sichuan are also critical minerals for the development of strategic emerging industries. The lithium ore resources in western Sichuan are rich, with the reserves of hard-rock type lithium ore listed the first in China, and the grade is high, suitable for mining and separation, the process is mature, the economic benefit is good. In addition to Jiajika, there is a number of large and medium-sized lithium deposits of the same type, such as the Dangba in Maerkang county, Abae, the Zawulong in Shiqucounty, Ganzi, provide sufficient resource guarantee for the development of lithium mine industry. The new No.3 vein(X03), newly discovered in Jiajika, is one of the most ~6Li-enriched lithium vein in the world(salt lake lithium is generally enriched in ~7Li), while ~6Li is the key raw material for the manufacture of nuclear weapons such as hydrogen bombs and the realization of controllable nuclear fusion power generation in the future. It is of great strategic significance. Whether it is Jiajika, Lijiagou, Dangba or Zawulong(not yet developed), they are all light metal ore producing areas, which are generally in a geographical environment with strong bearing capacity and less risk, as long as control and control are strengthened. The impact of mining development on the environment is completely controllable. The external conditions of mining development in western Sichuan are improving, especially the improvement of traffic conditions and the implementation of national policies with the goal of eliminating poverty and becoming rich. On the one hand, external conditions are created for the development of emerging industries and, on the other hand, it also provides opportunities for changing the backward appearance of ethnic areas. The western Sichuan region, especially Chengdu, Mianyang, Deyang, Ya'an, Panzhihua and other large and medium-sized cities, have the advantages of capital, technology, talent and so on, which can not only provide various support for the development of emerging industries, but also provide a huge market. In a word, the construction of mineral resources base for large strategic emerging industries in western Sichuan is not only helpful to provide the country with the guarantee of key mineral resources, but also an urgent need for social and economic development, which is not only in line with the national objectives, but also in the interests of the people. Geological exploration, comprehensive utilization and high-end development should be strengthened.
In western Sichuan, mineral resources are rich in Aba Tibetan-Qiang autonomous prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture and Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, and the mineral resources are complete, with rare metals, rare earth metals and rare scatted metals minerals match each other. In particular, the rare earth deposits represented by the Maoniuping deposit located in Mianning county, Liangshan, and the rare metal deposits represented by the Jiajika spodumene deposit located in Ganzi are famous large-super large and high quality key minerals in China, which are very important for the development of strategic emerging industries. In addition, the independent tellurite ore deposit in Dashuigou and the vanadium and titanium resources associated with non-ferrous metals and iron ores in Panzhihua and other iron deposits in western Sichuan are also critical minerals for the development of strategic emerging industries. The lithium ore resources in western Sichuan are rich, with the reserves of hard-rock type lithium ore listed the first in China, and the grade is high, suitable for mining and separation, the process is mature, the economic benefit is good. In addition to Jiajika, there is a number of large and medium-sized lithium deposits of the same type, such as the Dangba in Maerkang county, Abae, the Zawulong in Shiqucounty, Ganzi, provide sufficient resource guarantee for the development of lithium mine industry. The new No.3 vein(X03), newly discovered in Jiajika, is one of the most ~6Li-enriched lithium vein in the world(salt lake lithium is generally enriched in ~7Li), while ~6Li is the key raw material for the manufacture of nuclear weapons such as hydrogen bombs and the realization of controllable nuclear fusion power generation in the future. It is of great strategic significance. Whether it is Jiajika, Lijiagou, Dangba or Zawulong(not yet developed), they are all light metal ore producing areas, which are generally in a geographical environment with strong bearing capacity and less risk, as long as control and control are strengthened. The impact of mining development on the environment is completely controllable. The external conditions of mining development in western Sichuan are improving, especially the improvement of traffic conditions and the implementation of national policies with the goal of eliminating poverty and becoming rich. On the one hand, external conditions are created for the development of emerging industries and, on the other hand, it also provides opportunities for changing the backward appearance of ethnic areas. The western Sichuan region, especially Chengdu, Mianyang, Deyang, Ya'an, Panzhihua and other large and medium-sized cities, have the advantages of capital, technology, talent and so on, which can not only provide various support for the development of emerging industries, but also provide a huge market. In a word, the construction of mineral resources base for large strategic emerging industries in western Sichuan is not only helpful to provide the country with the guarantee of key mineral resources, but also an urgent need for social and economic development, which is not only in line with the national objectives, but also in the interests of the people. Geological exploration, comprehensive utilization and high-end development should be strengthened.
引文
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