玉米秸秆颗粒还田对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响
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摘要
为改进麦玉轮作区秸秆还田方式,推进秸秆资源高效利用,快速提升土壤质量,以秸秆不还田为对照(CK),通过连续3年田间微区试验,研究了等量玉米秸秆粉碎还田(CCSI)和颗粒化还田(GSI)对0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和作物产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,GSI和CCSI两种秸秆还田方式均能提高SOC和DOC含量,但主要集中在还田后1.5年内,还田后1.5～3年处理间无显著差异。在秸秆还田处理中,GSI处理能快速提高SOC和DOC含量。在还田当年,GSI处理0～20 cm土层SOC和DOC的平均含量较CCSI处理提高6.59%和3.00%,20～40 cm土层分别提高17.36%和12.65%,且两土层DOC/SOC也显著高于CCSI处理,但随着还田后时间延长,CCSI和GSI处理间差异逐渐缩小,还田后1.5年两者无显著差异。此外,GSI处理利于提高作物产量,且在还田当年增产效应更加突出。与CK和CCSI处理相比,GSI处理还田当年小麦产量分别提高9.80%和10.82%,玉米产量分别提高9.54%和3.45%。进一步分析发现,2013—2016年GSI处理虽然增加了经济投入,但由于具有更高的籽粒产量,最终获得较高的年均净利润,分别比CK和CCSI处理提高10.09%和3.24%。研究表明,秸秆颗粒还田较常规粉碎还田能快速提高SOC和DOC含量,促进当季作物增产,获得较高的经济效益。
In order to improve straw incorporation method, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality in the short time, a 3-year micro-field plot experiment was carried out at a modern agriculture research station in Dezhou City, Shandong Prov?ince, China. The treatments included no straw incorporation(CK), conventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0～15 cm depth(CC?SI)and granulated straw incorporation into the 0～15 cm depth(GSI). And then the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC), DOC/SOC at 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil layers and grain yields at maturity of 2013—2016 were measured. The results showed that the GSI treatment and CCSI treatment significantly increased SOC and DOC concentrations in the 0～40 cm layers in relative to CK, but the increases were mainly in the 1～1.5 years after straw returning, there was no significant difference among treatments at other times. Com?pared with the CCSI treatment, the average increase of SOC and DOC contents in the 0～20 cm layers during 1 years of straw incorporation under the GSI treatment were significantly increased by 6.59% and 3.00%, and those increase in the 20～40 cm layers increased by 17.36%and 12.65%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of DOC/SOC in the two layers under the GSI treatment was much higher than that under the CCSI treatment, but the increasing amplitude reduced gradually with time. The grain yield under the GSI treatment was highest among the three treatments, especially in the first year after straw returning. Compared with CK and CCSI treatment, the wheat yield under the GSI treatment was increased by 9.80% and 10.82%,and the maize yield increased by 9.54% and 3.45% during the first year. Further analysis found that, GSI treatment significantly increased cost, but higher grain yields had finally got much higher net profit than other treatments.Thus, granulated straw incorporation can improve soil fertility in the short time and increase grain yield in the first year after application.
In order to improve straw incorporation method, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality in the short time, a 3-year micro-field plot experiment was carried out at a modern agriculture research station in Dezhou City, Shandong Prov?ince, China. The treatments included no straw incorporation(CK), conventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0～15 cm depth(CC?SI)and granulated straw incorporation into the 0～15 cm depth(GSI). And then the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC), DOC/SOC at 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil layers and grain yields at maturity of 2013—2016 were measured. The results showed that the GSI treatment and CCSI treatment significantly increased SOC and DOC concentrations in the 0～40 cm layers in relative to CK, but the increases were mainly in the 1～1.5 years after straw returning, there was no significant difference among treatments at other times. Com?pared with the CCSI treatment, the average increase of SOC and DOC contents in the 0～20 cm layers during 1 years of straw incorporation under the GSI treatment were significantly increased by 6.59% and 3.00%, and those increase in the 20～40 cm layers increased by 17.36%and 12.65%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of DOC/SOC in the two layers under the GSI treatment was much higher than that under the CCSI treatment, but the increasing amplitude reduced gradually with time. The grain yield under the GSI treatment was highest among the three treatments, especially in the first year after straw returning. Compared with CK and CCSI treatment, the wheat yield under the GSI treatment was increased by 9.80% and 10.82%,and the maize yield increased by 9.54% and 3.45% during the first year. Further analysis found that, GSI treatment significantly increased cost, but higher grain yields had finally got much higher net profit than other treatments.Thus, granulated straw incorporation can improve soil fertility in the short time and increase grain yield in the first year after application.
引文
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[3]李少昆,王克如,冯聚凯,等.玉米秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素[J].作物学报,2006,32(3):463-465.LI Shao-kun,WANG Ke-ru,FENG Ju-kai,et al.Factors affecting seeding emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with maize stalk mulching returned to the field[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2006,32(3):463-465.
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[5]方放,李想,石祖梁,等.黄淮海地区农作物秸秆资源分布及利用结构分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):228-234.FANG Fang,LI Xiang,SHI Zu-liang,et al.Analysis on distribution and use structure of crop straw resources in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(2):228-234.
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[7]Wu H B,Guo Z T,Peng C H.Land use induced changes of organic carbon storage in soils of China[J].Global Change Biology,2003,9(3):305-315.
[8]Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1623-1627.
[9]邱建军,王立刚,李虎,等.农田土壤有机碳含量对作物产量影响的模拟研究[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):154-161.QIU Jian-jun,WANG Li-gang,LI Hu,et al.Modeling the impacts of soil organic carbon content of croplands on crop yields in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):154-161.
[10]赵士诚,曹彩云,李科江,等.长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1441-1449.ZHAO Shi-cheng,CAO Cai-yun,LI Ke-jiang,et al.Effects of longterm straw return on soil fertility,nitrogen pool fractions and crop yields on a fluvo-aquic soil in north China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(6):1441-1449.
[11]曾全超,李鑫,董扬红,等.黄土高原不同乔木林下土壤微生物碳氮和溶解性碳氮的特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(11):3589-3605.ZENG Quan-chao,LI Xin,DONG Yang-hong,et al.Study on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon,water solube nitrogen and carbon under different arbors forests on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(11):3589-3605.
[12]Zhu L Q,Hu N J,Zhang Z W,et al.Short-term responses of soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index to different annual straw return rates in a rice-wheat cropping system[J].Catena,2015,135:283-289.
[13]李新华,郭洪海,朱振林,等.不同秸秆还田模式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):130-135.LI Xin-hua,GUO Hong-hai,ZHU Zhen-lin,et al.Effects of different straw return modes on contents of soil organic carbon and fractions of soil active carbon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(9):130-135.
[14]窦森,陈光,关松,等.秸秆焚烧的原因与秸秆深还技术模式[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(2):127-133.DOU Sen,CHEN Guang,GUAN Song,et al.Why burning of corn stover in fields and technical models studies of it's deep incorporation to subsoil[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2017,39(2):127-133.
[15]Angers D A,Recous S.Decomposition of wheat straw and rye residues as affected by particle size[J].Plant and Soil,1997,189:197-203.
[16]Bremer E,Van Houtum W,Van Kessel C.Carbon dioxide evolution from wheat and lentil residues as affected by grinding,added nitrogen,and the absence of soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1991,11:221-227.
[17]张鹏,李涵,贾志宽,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱区土壤有机碳含量及土壤碳矿化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(12):2518-2525.ZHANG Peng,LI Han,JIA Zhi-kuan,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil organic carbon and carbon mineralization in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(12):2518-2525.
[18]王婧,张莉,逄焕成,等.秸秆颗粒化还田加速腐解速率提高培肥效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):177-183.WANG Jing,ZHANG Li,PANG Huan-cheng,et al.Returning granulated straw for accelerating decomposition rate and improving soil fertility[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(6):177-183.
[19]郑健,王燕,蔡焕杰,等.秸秆颗粒形态对沟灌入渗特征影响的试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(1):66-72.ZHENG Jian,WANG Yan,CAI Huan-jie,et al.Experimental investigation into effects of maize leaf and straw fragments on soil water infiltration characteristics in furrow irrigation[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2016,34(1):66-72.
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