兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的花粉活力、柱头可授性及繁育系统
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摘要
为了探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)自然结实率低的原因,以"兰百1号"为试材,利用TTC(2,3,5-氯代三苯基四氮唑)染色法、离体萌发法测定花粉活力,以联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,通过杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比和人工授粉试验对其繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:兰州百合开花当天08:00—14:00花粉活力较高,10:00左右花粉萌发率最高,可达78.31%;在开花当天08:00—12:00柱头可授性最强;花粉萌发时期与柱头可授时期基本重叠。杂交指数4,花粉-胚珠比2 195～4 836,自花授粉、同株异花授粉花败育率100%,异株异花授粉花败育率50%,结实率40%。兰州百合繁育系统为专性异交、自交不亲和、传粉过程需要传粉者。
In order to explore the reasons for the low natural seed set rate of Lanzhou Lily( Lilium Davidii var. unicolor),we selected the lily variety"Lanbai 1"as material to measure its pollen viability by two methods including Benzidine-α-Naphthol coloring and pollen tube quick germination,as well as its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen method. We also researched its breeding system by evaluating its outcrossing index( OCI),pollen-ovule ratio and artificial pollination experiments. The results showed that during the first flowering day,the highest pollen vigor appeared an 08:00—14:00,the highest germination rate( 78.31%) appeared at 10:00,the highest stigma receptivity appeared at 08:00—12:00,and these two periods basically overlapped. The outcrossing index was 4,the pollen-ovule ratio was 2 195-4 836. Both self-pollination and geitonogamy resulted in 100% flower abortion,but xenogamy resulted in 50% flower abortion and the fruit set rate was 40%. Lanzhou lily breeding system was self-incompatibility and pollinator was necessary.
In order to explore the reasons for the low natural seed set rate of Lanzhou Lily( Lilium Davidii var. unicolor),we selected the lily variety"Lanbai 1"as material to measure its pollen viability by two methods including Benzidine-α-Naphthol coloring and pollen tube quick germination,as well as its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen method. We also researched its breeding system by evaluating its outcrossing index( OCI),pollen-ovule ratio and artificial pollination experiments. The results showed that during the first flowering day,the highest pollen vigor appeared an 08:00—14:00,the highest germination rate( 78.31%) appeared at 10:00,the highest stigma receptivity appeared at 08:00—12:00,and these two periods basically overlapped. The outcrossing index was 4,the pollen-ovule ratio was 2 195-4 836. Both self-pollination and geitonogamy resulted in 100% flower abortion,but xenogamy resulted in 50% flower abortion and the fruit set rate was 40%. Lanzhou lily breeding system was self-incompatibility and pollinator was necessary.
引文
[1]陈艳华,史宝秀,谢玲,等.甘肃中部百合气候适应性及适生种植区划[J].中国农业气象,2003,24(3):51-53.
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[17]叶要妹,张俊卫,齐迎春,等.百日草柱头可授性和花粉生活力的研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(10):2376-2381.
[18]Cruden R W.Pollen-ovule ratios:a conservative indicator of breeding system in flowering plants[J].Evolution,1977,31(1):32-46.
[19]Dafni A.Pollination Ecology[M].New York,USA:Oxford University Press,1992:1-57.
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[21]张伟华,刘清波,何欢.兰州百合的组织培养和快速繁殖[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,3(1):153-156+196.
[22]朱波,苑鹤,俞巧仙,等.铁皮石斛花粉活力与种质创制研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):755-757.
[23]张丽娜.百合属植物花粉形态性状及生活力的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[24]赵兴华,张道旭,印东生,等.百合花粉生活力测定和贮藏方法研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):172-175.
[25]Crawford B C W,Yanofsky M F.The formation and function of the female reproductive tract in flowering plants[J].Current Biology,2008,18(20):972-978.
[26]Javier S,Pilar R,Maria H.Asynchronous development of stigmatic receptivity in the pear(Pyrus comuunis;Rosaceae)flower[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(1):78-84.
[27]Ciciarelli M L,Passarelli L M,Rolleri C H.Pollen morphology in species of Canna(Cannaceae),and systematics implications[J].Revista De Biologia Tropical,2010,58(1):63-79.
[28]赵同欣,刘林德,张莉,等.南蛇藤花粉和柱头的生物学特性研究[J].植物研究,2014,34(3):309-316.
[29]马建琴.百合属5种百合开花生物学的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[30]杜捷.兰州百合外源DNA花粉管通道法导入的初步研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2003.
[31]耿兴敏,夏婷,罗凤霞.中国部分野生百合自交和组内及组间杂交亲和性研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):306-312.
[2]李谋强,师桂英,叶树辉,等.基于ISSR分子标记数据的兰州百合核心种质构建方法研究[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1573-1578.
[3]李谋强,陈君良,师桂英,等.不同海拔区兰州百合栽培群体遗传多样性[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1029-1033.
[4]高彦仪,张金娣,刘德义.兰州百合生长发育特性特征观察[J].甘肃农业科技,1986(10):2-5.
[5]徐学军,梁玉文,胡相莉.百合新品种兰州百合1号[J].中国蔬菜,2010(13):30-31.
[6]徐学军,梁玉文,刘凯,等.百合新品种兰州百合2号的选育[J].中国蔬菜,2010(20):91-92.
[7]黄济明.百合远缘杂种“麝兰”的育成[J].上海农业学报,1985,1(1):84-87.
[8]Li X,Yang C L,Zhang M,et al.Analysis of protein and isoenzyme of Lilium davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their hybrid F1[J].Agricultural Science and Technology,2011,12(1):54-57.
[9]邵杨,温韦华,崔金腾,等.东方百合系内杂交授粉技术与胚抢救技术研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(6):1119-1124.
[10]罗凤霞,年玉欣,孙晓梅,等.4种授粉方法对切花百合不同杂交组合结籽量的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(4):729-731.
[11]程金水.园林植物遗传育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:309-311.
[12]吴杉,雷家军,关惠忆.兰州百合小孢子母细胞减数分裂异常行为观察[J].种子,2013,32(3):45-48.
[13]杨中汉,唐因.曹宗巽.兰州百合生殖器官中睾酮含量的变化[J].植物学报,1994,36(3):215-220.
[14]刘林德,张洪军,祝宁,等.刺五加花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究[J].植物研究,2001,21(3):375-379.
[15]赵统利,周翔,朱朋波,等.百合花粉生活力测定方法的比较研究[J].江苏农业科学,2006(5):88.
[16]年玉欣,罗凤霞,张颖,等.测定百合花粉生命力的液体培养基研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(5):922-925.
[17]叶要妹,张俊卫,齐迎春,等.百日草柱头可授性和花粉生活力的研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(10):2376-2381.
[18]Cruden R W.Pollen-ovule ratios:a conservative indicator of breeding system in flowering plants[J].Evolution,1977,31(1):32-46.
[19]Dafni A.Pollination Ecology[M].New York,USA:Oxford University Press,1992:1-57.
[20]Pflugshaupt K,Kollmann J,Fischer M,et al.Pollen quantity and quality affect fruit abortion in small populations of a rare fleshyfruited shrub[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2002,3(4):319-327.
[21]张伟华,刘清波,何欢.兰州百合的组织培养和快速繁殖[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,3(1):153-156+196.
[22]朱波,苑鹤,俞巧仙,等.铁皮石斛花粉活力与种质创制研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):755-757.
[23]张丽娜.百合属植物花粉形态性状及生活力的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[24]赵兴华,张道旭,印东生,等.百合花粉生活力测定和贮藏方法研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):172-175.
[25]Crawford B C W,Yanofsky M F.The formation and function of the female reproductive tract in flowering plants[J].Current Biology,2008,18(20):972-978.
[26]Javier S,Pilar R,Maria H.Asynchronous development of stigmatic receptivity in the pear(Pyrus comuunis;Rosaceae)flower[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(1):78-84.
[27]Ciciarelli M L,Passarelli L M,Rolleri C H.Pollen morphology in species of Canna(Cannaceae),and systematics implications[J].Revista De Biologia Tropical,2010,58(1):63-79.
[28]赵同欣,刘林德,张莉,等.南蛇藤花粉和柱头的生物学特性研究[J].植物研究,2014,34(3):309-316.
[29]马建琴.百合属5种百合开花生物学的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[30]杜捷.兰州百合外源DNA花粉管通道法导入的初步研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2003.
[31]耿兴敏,夏婷,罗凤霞.中国部分野生百合自交和组内及组间杂交亲和性研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):306-312.
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