生计转型背景下河北省农村宅基地整理分区与潜力研究
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摘要
基于农户生计转型背景对河北省农村宅基地整理进行分区调控,并基于不同整理目标测算农村宅基地整理潜力与面积标准。结果显示:受农户非理性决策影响,户均宅基地面积随农户非农就业程度的提升呈现先减小后增大的趋势,非农就业拐点在0.496～0.564之间,城镇化率、人均耕地面积、农业分区、宅基地容积率、人均GDP对各县域户均宅基地面积产生不同方向和程度的影响。由此,划分了优先整理、适度整理、适度挖潜、限制整理4类整理时序分区,以宅基地制度改革、农业结构优化、深化农村土地管理水平为工作导向的5类整理模式分区。优先整理区宅基地整理潜力为45 429.70 hm~2,户均宅基地面积标准为401m~2,经济条件是限制宅基地整理的主要因素;适度整理区宅基地整理潜力为446.32 hm~2,户均宅基地面积标准为26 m~2,宅基地用地需求较小;适度挖潜区宅基地整理潜力为33 471.92 hm~2,户均宅基地面积标准为407 m~2,自然、经济条件是限制宅基地整理的主要因素。
In this paper, we took Hebei Province as an example to establish a coupling model between farmers' livelihood and rural housing land utilization, and then we analyzed the main factors affecting the average area per household of rural housing land, and determined the factors that regulated and controlled the time sequence and patterns of rural housing land consolidation in different zones. By constructing methods to measure the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation, the potential and area standard of different zones were determined so that reference for rural housing land consolidation work could be provided. Our results showed were that due to irrational factors brought about by farmers' dependence on land, the average area per household of rural housing land showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of farmers' non-agricultural employment level. The inflection point of non-agricultural employment in counties was between 0.496 and 0.564. The inadequate household differentiation caused by local non-agricultural employment in the eastern region made the inflection point of non-agricultural employment higher. Because of the restriction of the circulation of rural housing land and the promotion of economic level, urbanization and per capita GDP had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The western inland area had a strong promoting effect because of the difficulty of farmers to settle in cities and towns. Because of the influence of the demand for productive land, the expansion of production scale had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The southern region is located in the main grain producing area, which had a strong promoting effect. Because of the low level of production in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, the smaller scale of productive land led to the smaller scale of homestead. As the demand for non-residential land exceeded the common sense, plot ratio of rural housing land was negatively correlated with the average area per household of rural housing land, especially in the northwest region due to the diversification of livelihoods and extensive management. Our results also showed that according to farmers' livelihood and average area per household of rural housing land, consolidation timing zone were divided into priority consolidation, moderate consolidation, moderate potential tapping and restriction consolidation. With the reference to the dominant factors affecting the change of the rural housing land area, consolidation pattern zone were divided into five types according to the reformation of rural housing land system, optimization of agricultural structure, and the deepening of the level of rural land management. In addition, the results also showed that according to the differences of farmers' livelihoods and average area per household of rural housing land, the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation were divided. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the priority consolidation zone were 45 429.70 hm~2 and 401 m~2, respectively, and economic conditions were the main factor that restricted rural housing land consolidation. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate consolidation zone were 446.32 hm~2 and 26 m~2, respectively; its rural housing land needed less. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate potential tapping zone were 33 471.92 hm~2 and 407 m~2, respectively, natural and economic conditions were the main factors that restrict rural housing land consolidation.
In this paper, we took Hebei Province as an example to establish a coupling model between farmers' livelihood and rural housing land utilization, and then we analyzed the main factors affecting the average area per household of rural housing land, and determined the factors that regulated and controlled the time sequence and patterns of rural housing land consolidation in different zones. By constructing methods to measure the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation, the potential and area standard of different zones were determined so that reference for rural housing land consolidation work could be provided. Our results showed were that due to irrational factors brought about by farmers' dependence on land, the average area per household of rural housing land showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of farmers' non-agricultural employment level. The inflection point of non-agricultural employment in counties was between 0.496 and 0.564. The inadequate household differentiation caused by local non-agricultural employment in the eastern region made the inflection point of non-agricultural employment higher. Because of the restriction of the circulation of rural housing land and the promotion of economic level, urbanization and per capita GDP had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The western inland area had a strong promoting effect because of the difficulty of farmers to settle in cities and towns. Because of the influence of the demand for productive land, the expansion of production scale had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The southern region is located in the main grain producing area, which had a strong promoting effect. Because of the low level of production in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, the smaller scale of productive land led to the smaller scale of homestead. As the demand for non-residential land exceeded the common sense, plot ratio of rural housing land was negatively correlated with the average area per household of rural housing land, especially in the northwest region due to the diversification of livelihoods and extensive management. Our results also showed that according to farmers' livelihood and average area per household of rural housing land, consolidation timing zone were divided into priority consolidation, moderate consolidation, moderate potential tapping and restriction consolidation. With the reference to the dominant factors affecting the change of the rural housing land area, consolidation pattern zone were divided into five types according to the reformation of rural housing land system, optimization of agricultural structure, and the deepening of the level of rural land management. In addition, the results also showed that according to the differences of farmers' livelihoods and average area per household of rural housing land, the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation were divided. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the priority consolidation zone were 45 429.70 hm~2 and 401 m~2, respectively, and economic conditions were the main factor that restricted rural housing land consolidation. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate consolidation zone were 446.32 hm~2 and 26 m~2, respectively; its rural housing land needed less. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate potential tapping zone were 33 471.92 hm~2 and 407 m~2, respectively, natural and economic conditions were the main factors that restrict rural housing land consolidation.
引文
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[5]陈竹安,曾令权,张立亭.瑞金市典型村农村居民点内部结构差异分析及整理潜力测算[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):146-150.Chen Zhuan,Zeng Lingquan,Zhang Liting.Analysis of land use structure difference in rural residential areas and potential calculation about typical village in Ruijin City[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(14):146-150.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]宋伟.中国农村宅基地整理潜力估算[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(33):301-307.Song Wei.Land consolidation potential of rural housing land in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(33):301-307.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]金志丰,陆效平,陈江龙,等.基于建设适宜性分区的农村宅基地整理模式选择:以常熟市为例[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(3):36-41.Jin Zhifeng,Lu Xiaoping,Chen Jianglong,et al.Mode selection for rural residential land consolidation based on construction land zoning in terms of feasibility:Take Changshu City as a case[J].China Land Science,2010,24(3):36-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]郑红玉,卓跃飞,吴次芳,等.基于减量化目标的农村宅基地整理分区及模式优选[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(12):270-277.Zheng Hongyu,Zhuo Yuefei,Wu Cifang,et al.Zoning and mode selection of rural residential land consolidation based on construction land reduction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(12):270-277.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]陈荣清,张凤荣,张军连,等.文登市农村宅基地整理潜力调查及类型划分[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1206-1211.Chen Rongqing,Zhang Fengrong,Zhang Junlian,et al.Potential for rural housing land consolidation in Wendeng County,Shandong[J].Resources Science,2008,30(8):1206-1211.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]艾萍,师学义.基于因子分析法的晋城市农村宅基地整理潜力类型划分[J].资源与产业,2012,14(4):47-52.Ai Ping,Shi Xueyi.Classification of consolidation potential of rural residential lands in Jincheng City based on factor analysis[J].Resources&Industries,2012,14(4):47-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]张玉英,王成,王利平,等.兴坝村浅丘带坝区不同类型农户农村居民点文化景观特征研究[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(11):45-53.Zhang Yuying,Wang Cheng,Wang Liping,et al.Cultural landscape features of different types of rural settlement in a shallow hilly region:A case study in Xingba Village[J].China Land Sciences,2012,26(11):45-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]周婧,杨庆媛,信桂新,等.贫困山区农户兼业行为及其居民点用地形态:基于重庆市云阳县568户农户调查[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1767-1779.Zhou Jing,Yang Qingyuan,Xin Guixin,et al.The impact of rural households'concurrent business behaviors response on the housing land-use pattern in poor mountain area:Based on a survey of 568 households in Yunyang County,Chongqing[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(10):1767-1779.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]潘娟,邱道持,尹娟.不同兼业类型农户的居民点用地选址及影响因素研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,37(9):80-84.Pan Juan,Qiu Daochi,Yin Juan.On location of residential spot based on different household patterns[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2012,37(9):80-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]龙花楼.中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实[J].地理学报,2006,61(10):1093-1100.Long Hualou.Rural housing land transition in China:Theory and verification[J].Acta Geographical Sinica,2006,61(10):1093-1100.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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