社会保障支出缓冲了农村居民贫困吗?——基于收入差距缩小的视角检验
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摘要
农村居民贫困不仅事关中国精准扶贫、精准脱贫的有效实施,而且对中国全面建成小康社会与实现"中国梦"具有重要影响;但是收入差距的日益恶化会影响农村居民的贫困状况,而社会保障支出作为民生支持的重要组成部分,理应发挥反贫、脱贫的作用。基于此,本文使用中国综合调查数据,采用Logit模型和工具变量法(IV Probit),从收入差距缩小的视角实证检验了社会保障支出对农村居民贫困的影响。研究发现,无论采用区县基尼系数还是分位数支出百分比(P90/P10、P90/P50和P50/P10)衡量收入差距,都证明收入差距的扩大提高了农村居民发生贫困的概率;社会保障支出不仅降低了农村居民发生贫困的概率,而且缓冲了收入差距对农村居民发生贫困的不利影响。因此,我国政府理应在缩小收入差距的同时,提高社会保障支出水平与利用效率,缓解农村居民的贫困状况,从而为解决当前中国"贫困陷阱"提供启示意义。
Poverty of rural residents is not only related to the effective implementation of precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation in China, but also has an important impact on building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the "Chinese Dream". However, the worsening income gap will affect the poverty situation of rural residents, and social security expenditure as an important component of livelihood support. We should play an anti-poverty and anti-poverty role. Based on this, this paper uses China's comprehensive survey data and Logit model and IV Probit to empirically test the impact of social security expenditure on poverty of rural residents from the perspective of narrowing income gap. The study found that whether using Gini coefficient(GINI) or percentages of quantile expenditure(P90/P10, P90/P50 and P50/P10) to measure income gap, the expansion of income gap increases the probability of poverty among rural residents; social security expenditure not only reduces the probability of poverty among rural residents, but also cushions income. The disparity has a negative impact on the poverty of rural residents. Therefore, while narrowing the income gap, our government should improve the level of social security expenditure and utilization efficiency, alleviate the poverty situation of rural residents, so as to provide enlightenment for solving the current "poverty trap" in China.
Poverty of rural residents is not only related to the effective implementation of precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation in China, but also has an important impact on building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the "Chinese Dream". However, the worsening income gap will affect the poverty situation of rural residents, and social security expenditure as an important component of livelihood support. We should play an anti-poverty and anti-poverty role. Based on this, this paper uses China's comprehensive survey data and Logit model and IV Probit to empirically test the impact of social security expenditure on poverty of rural residents from the perspective of narrowing income gap. The study found that whether using Gini coefficient(GINI) or percentages of quantile expenditure(P90/P10, P90/P50 and P50/P10) to measure income gap, the expansion of income gap increases the probability of poverty among rural residents; social security expenditure not only reduces the probability of poverty among rural residents, but also cushions income. The disparity has a negative impact on the poverty of rural residents. Therefore, while narrowing the income gap, our government should improve the level of social security expenditure and utilization efficiency, alleviate the poverty situation of rural residents, so as to provide enlightenment for solving the current "poverty trap" in China.
引文
[1] 张姗姗,吴春梅.农村公共服务支出的济贫效应分析——以贵州省为例[J].华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(5):91-99.
[2] [印]阿马蒂亚·森.贫困与饥荒[M].王宇,等,译校.北京:商务出版社,2001:88-98.
[3] 罗楚亮.经济增长、收入差距与农村贫困[J].经济研究,2012(2):15-27.
[4] 沈扬扬.经济增长与不平等对农村贫困的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(8):19-34.
[5] 刘一伟,汪润泉.收入差距、社会资本与居民贫困[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017(9):75-92.
[6] Stigler G J.Director’s law of public income redistribution[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1970,13(1):1-10.
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[8] 魏众,古斯塔夫森.中国农村贫困几率的变动分析——经济改革和快速增长时期的经验[J].中国农村观察,2000(2):26-38.
[9] 胡兵,赖景生,胡宝娣.经济增长、收入分配与贫困缓解——基于中国农村贫困变动的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(5):33-42.
[10] Yao S.Unemployment and urban poverty in China:a case study of Guangzhou and Tianjin [J].Journal of International Development,2004,16(2):171-188.
[11] 文秋良.经济增长与缓解贫困:趋势、差异与作用[J].农业技术经济,2006(3):128-132.
[12] 王宁,王丽娜,赵建玲.普惠金融发展与贫困减缓的内在逻辑[J].河北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(2):127-131.
[13] 王美昌,高云虹.中国城乡贫困变动:2004—2012[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(4):49-57.
[14] 谢沁怡.人力资本与社会资本:谁更能缓解贫困?[J].上海经济研究,2017(5):51-60.
[15] 胡晓义.走向和谐:中国社会保障发展60年 [M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009.
[16] Kenworthy L.Do social-welfare policies reduce poverty?A cross-national assessment[J].Social Forces,1999,77(3):1119-1139.
[17] Long G T,Pfau W D.Ageing,poverty and the role of a social pension in Vietnam[J].Development and Change,2009,40(2):333-360.
[18] 李实,詹鹏,杨灿.中国农村公共转移收入的减贫效果[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(5):71-80.
[19] 刘一伟.社会保障支出对居民多维贫困的影响及其机制分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2017(7):7-18.
[20] Fosse E.The politics of poverty in Norway[J].Social Alternatives,2013,32(1):31-35.
[21] Dollar D,Karey A.Trade,growth,and poverty[J].Economic Journal,2004,114(493):22-49.
[22] 黄清峰.社会保障支出与农村贫困减少动态关系的实证检验 [J].统计与决策,2013(19):102-104.
[23] 曹艳春.农村低保制度对贫困群体生活水平改善效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):88-97.
[24] Ayodele R Y.Redistribution of income in Turkish social security system[J].Journal of Academic Studies,2010,12(45):165-179.
[25] 杨穗,高琴,李实.中国社会福利和收入再分配:1988—2007年[J].经济理论与经济管理,2013(3):29-38.
[26] 何立新,潘春阳.破解中国的“Easterl1n悖论”:收入差距、机会不均与居民幸福感[J].管理世界,2011(8):11-23.
[27] 殷金朋,赵春玲,贾占标,等.社会保障支出、地区差异与居民幸福感[J].经济评论,2016(3):108-121.
[28] 刘一伟,汪润泉.“加剧”还是“缓解”:社会保障转移支付与老年贫困——基于城乡差异分析的视角[J].山西财经大学学报,2017(2):12-22.
[2] [印]阿马蒂亚·森.贫困与饥荒[M].王宇,等,译校.北京:商务出版社,2001:88-98.
[3] 罗楚亮.经济增长、收入差距与农村贫困[J].经济研究,2012(2):15-27.
[4] 沈扬扬.经济增长与不平等对农村贫困的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(8):19-34.
[5] 刘一伟,汪润泉.收入差距、社会资本与居民贫困[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017(9):75-92.
[6] Stigler G J.Director’s law of public income redistribution[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1970,13(1):1-10.
[7] 刘穷志.公共支出归宿:中国政府公共服务落实到贫困人口手中了吗?[J].管理世界,2007(4):60-67.
[8] 魏众,古斯塔夫森.中国农村贫困几率的变动分析——经济改革和快速增长时期的经验[J].中国农村观察,2000(2):26-38.
[9] 胡兵,赖景生,胡宝娣.经济增长、收入分配与贫困缓解——基于中国农村贫困变动的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(5):33-42.
[10] Yao S.Unemployment and urban poverty in China:a case study of Guangzhou and Tianjin [J].Journal of International Development,2004,16(2):171-188.
[11] 文秋良.经济增长与缓解贫困:趋势、差异与作用[J].农业技术经济,2006(3):128-132.
[12] 王宁,王丽娜,赵建玲.普惠金融发展与贫困减缓的内在逻辑[J].河北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(2):127-131.
[13] 王美昌,高云虹.中国城乡贫困变动:2004—2012[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(4):49-57.
[14] 谢沁怡.人力资本与社会资本:谁更能缓解贫困?[J].上海经济研究,2017(5):51-60.
[15] 胡晓义.走向和谐:中国社会保障发展60年 [M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009.
[16] Kenworthy L.Do social-welfare policies reduce poverty?A cross-national assessment[J].Social Forces,1999,77(3):1119-1139.
[17] Long G T,Pfau W D.Ageing,poverty and the role of a social pension in Vietnam[J].Development and Change,2009,40(2):333-360.
[18] 李实,詹鹏,杨灿.中国农村公共转移收入的减贫效果[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(5):71-80.
[19] 刘一伟.社会保障支出对居民多维贫困的影响及其机制分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2017(7):7-18.
[20] Fosse E.The politics of poverty in Norway[J].Social Alternatives,2013,32(1):31-35.
[21] Dollar D,Karey A.Trade,growth,and poverty[J].Economic Journal,2004,114(493):22-49.
[22] 黄清峰.社会保障支出与农村贫困减少动态关系的实证检验 [J].统计与决策,2013(19):102-104.
[23] 曹艳春.农村低保制度对贫困群体生活水平改善效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):88-97.
[24] Ayodele R Y.Redistribution of income in Turkish social security system[J].Journal of Academic Studies,2010,12(45):165-179.
[25] 杨穗,高琴,李实.中国社会福利和收入再分配:1988—2007年[J].经济理论与经济管理,2013(3):29-38.
[26] 何立新,潘春阳.破解中国的“Easterl1n悖论”:收入差距、机会不均与居民幸福感[J].管理世界,2011(8):11-23.
[27] 殷金朋,赵春玲,贾占标,等.社会保障支出、地区差异与居民幸福感[J].经济评论,2016(3):108-121.
[28] 刘一伟,汪润泉.“加剧”还是“缓解”:社会保障转移支付与老年贫困——基于城乡差异分析的视角[J].山西财经大学学报,2017(2):12-22.
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