四川盆地超深层高温高压气藏偏差因子及井底流压计算方法优化
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摘要
深层和超深层气藏的开发已成为气藏开发最重要的领域之一。由于气藏埋藏较深,普遍存在高温高压的特点,气藏气体偏差因子的计算直接影响单井井底流压、产能和动态储量的计算准确度,从而影响开发技术对策的制定。然而目前计算偏差因子和井底流压的方法众多,不同的气藏,计算方法的适用性存在差别。针对双鱼石茅口组高温高压气藏,通过BB法、HY法、DPR法、DKA法、LXF法和ZGD法6种偏差因子计算方法的计算结果与实验实测值进行对比,结果表明:①在气藏条件下HY法和DAK法计算准确性最高,最大偏差约为2.5%,其中DAK法计算结果最为接近实验值,并且在8 MPa至123 MPa压力范围内,平均偏差约为0.6%。②基于实验测试和计算结果确认DAK法适用于该气藏的天然气偏差因子计算。③在此研究基础上,对温压耦合模型进行改进,建立了新的气藏井底流压计算模型。对比现场测试压力和模型计算值,改进的温压耦合模型计算结果偏差最低,仅为-1.593%,具有较高准确性,研究结果表明针对类似于双鱼石这类高温高压气藏,DAK法和改进的温压耦合模型具有较强适用性。
Developing deep to ultra-deep gas reservoirs has become one of the most important domains in reservoir development. Due to greater burial depth, they are commonly characterized by high temperature and pressure, bringing about big difficulty in predicting gas deviation factor accurately. To measure this factor also affects directly calculation accuracy of single-well bottomhole flowing pressure, production capacity, dynamic reserves, and consequently making development technical countermeasures. So, it's particularly important to select an optimal calculation method. In this study, some results obtained from six methods to calculate deviation factor(i.e., BB, HY, DPR, DKA, LXF and ZGD) were compared with those measured values by taking some HTHP gas reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Shuanyushi block as examples. Results show that the calculation accuracy of HY and DAK methods is the highest under HTHP, and the maximum deviation is about 2.5%. The result from DAK method is the closest to experimental value, and its average deviation is about 0.6% at pressure of 8-123 MPa. After comparison, it's confirmed that DAK method is most available for those HTHP gas reservoirs. Furthermore, one temperature-pressure coupling model was modified, and another model to calculate bottomhole flowing pressure was also established. In addition, the on-site measured pressure and the value obtained from these two models were compared. It is indicated that, the deviation calculated from the modified model is the lowest, only-1.593%, also showing that this one has higher accuracy available for deep to ultra deep gas reservoirs.
Developing deep to ultra-deep gas reservoirs has become one of the most important domains in reservoir development. Due to greater burial depth, they are commonly characterized by high temperature and pressure, bringing about big difficulty in predicting gas deviation factor accurately. To measure this factor also affects directly calculation accuracy of single-well bottomhole flowing pressure, production capacity, dynamic reserves, and consequently making development technical countermeasures. So, it's particularly important to select an optimal calculation method. In this study, some results obtained from six methods to calculate deviation factor(i.e., BB, HY, DPR, DKA, LXF and ZGD) were compared with those measured values by taking some HTHP gas reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Shuanyushi block as examples. Results show that the calculation accuracy of HY and DAK methods is the highest under HTHP, and the maximum deviation is about 2.5%. The result from DAK method is the closest to experimental value, and its average deviation is about 0.6% at pressure of 8-123 MPa. After comparison, it's confirmed that DAK method is most available for those HTHP gas reservoirs. Furthermore, one temperature-pressure coupling model was modified, and another model to calculate bottomhole flowing pressure was also established. In addition, the on-site measured pressure and the value obtained from these two models were compared. It is indicated that, the deviation calculated from the modified model is the lowest, only-1.593%, also showing that this one has higher accuracy available for deep to ultra deep gas reservoirs.
引文
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[15]张国东,李敏,柏冬岭.高压超高压天然气偏差系数实用计算模型-LXF高压高精度天然气偏差系数解析模型的修正[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):79-80.Zhang Guodong,Li Min&Bai Dongling.Practical calculating model of gas deviation factor with high and super-high pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(8):79-80.
[16]杨继盛,刘建仪.采气实用计算[M].石油工业出版社,1994.Yang Jisheng,Liu Jianyi.Practical Calculation of gas production[M].Petroleum lndustry Press,1994.
[17]Cullender M H&Smith R V.Practical solution of gas-flow equations for wells and pipelines with large temperature gradient[C]//Transations AIME,1956,205:281-287.
[18]Aziz K.Calculation of bottom-hole pressure in gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1967,19(7):897-899.
[19]Hasan A R&Kabir C S.Heat transfer during two-phase flow in wellbores;PartⅡ-Wellbore Fluid Temperature[C]//SPE-22948,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Dallas,Texas.Dallas,Texas:SPE,1991:695-708.
[20]郭春秋,李颖川.气井压力温度预测综合数值模拟[J].石油学报,2001,22(8):100-105.Guo Chunqiu&Li Yingchuan.Comprehensive numerical simulation of pressure and temperature prediction in gas well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(8):100-105.
[2]伍勇,杜志敏,郭肖.异常高压气藏偏差因子计算方法[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):105-107.Wu Yong,Du Zhimin&Guo Xiao.Calculation methods for the deviation factor of abnormally pressured gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):105-107.
[3]张明禄,胡建国,屈雪峰.应用状态方程计算天然气偏差因子的方法评价[J].天然气工业,2008,23(2):69-71.Zhang Minglu,Hu Jianguo&Qu Xuefeng.Evaluating the methods of calculating gas deviation factor by use of state equation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,23(2):69-71.
[4]许进进,李治平.一种预测气体偏差因子的新方法[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(4):500-501.Xu Jinjin&Li Zhiping.New method for calculation of deviation factor of natural gas[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(4):500-501.
[5]颜雪,孙雷,周剑锋.计算超高压气藏天然气偏差因子新方法[J].油气藏评价与开发,2015,5(1):26-29.Yan Xue,Sun Lei&Zhou Jianfeng.New model of calculating natural gas Z-factor in the ultrahigh pressure gas reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2015,5(1):26-29.
[6]王琛.改进的计算气井井底压力的平均温度和平均压缩系数法[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(2):82-85.Wang Chen.An improved method of average temperature and average compressibility factor for calculating bottom hole pressure of gas well[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(2):82-85.
[7]张永奎,蔡兵,刘鹰.气井油管流压梯度计算方法的改进[J].天然气工业,2007,27(3):89-91.Zhang Yongkui,Cai Bing&Liu Ying.Modifications to the calculation method of flowing pressure gradient in gas well tubing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(3):89-91.
[8]王林,彭彩珍,倪小伟.气井井底流压计算方法优选[J].油气井测试,2011,20(4):25-26.Wang Lin,Peng Caizhen&Ni Xiaowei.Optimal for calculating method about bottom-hole pressure of gas well[J].Pressure of Gas Well,2011,20(4):25-26.
[9]宋戈.气井井筒瞬态温度压力耦合模型研究[D].西南石油大学,2015:38-49.
[10]Brill J P&Beggs D H.Two-phase flow in pipes[M].Tulsa:University of Tulsa,1974.
[11]Yarborough L&Hall K R.How to solve equation of state for Z-factors[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1974,72(7):86-88.
[12]Dranchuk P M,Purvis R A&Robinson D B.Computer calculation of natural gas compressibility factors using the Standing and Katz correlation[C]//Annual Technical Meeting,May 8-121973,Edmonton.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/73-112.
[13]Dranchuk P M&Abou-Kassem J H.Calculation of Z factors for natural gases using equations of state[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1975,14(3):34-36.
[14]李相方,庄湘琦,刚涛.天然气偏差系数模型综合评价与选用[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(2):42-46.Li Xiangfang,Zhuang Xiangqi&Gang Tao,Comprehensive appraisal and selection for gas compressibility factor calculating model[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2001,23(2):42-46.
[15]张国东,李敏,柏冬岭.高压超高压天然气偏差系数实用计算模型-LXF高压高精度天然气偏差系数解析模型的修正[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):79-80.Zhang Guodong,Li Min&Bai Dongling.Practical calculating model of gas deviation factor with high and super-high pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(8):79-80.
[16]杨继盛,刘建仪.采气实用计算[M].石油工业出版社,1994.Yang Jisheng,Liu Jianyi.Practical Calculation of gas production[M].Petroleum lndustry Press,1994.
[17]Cullender M H&Smith R V.Practical solution of gas-flow equations for wells and pipelines with large temperature gradient[C]//Transations AIME,1956,205:281-287.
[18]Aziz K.Calculation of bottom-hole pressure in gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1967,19(7):897-899.
[19]Hasan A R&Kabir C S.Heat transfer during two-phase flow in wellbores;PartⅡ-Wellbore Fluid Temperature[C]//SPE-22948,SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Dallas,Texas.Dallas,Texas:SPE,1991:695-708.
[20]郭春秋,李颖川.气井压力温度预测综合数值模拟[J].石油学报,2001,22(8):100-105.Guo Chunqiu&Li Yingchuan.Comprehensive numerical simulation of pressure and temperature prediction in gas well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(8):100-105.
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