服务贸易自由化与全球价值链:参与度及分工地位
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摘要
本文利用世界银行的服务贸易限制指数以及世界投入产出数据库,研究了服务贸易自由化对制造业全球价值链参与度和分工地位的影响。实证结果表明:服务贸易自由化促进了制造业全球价值链的前向参与而抑制了其后向参与,显著提升了制造业企业在价值链中的分工地位;从经济发展水平来看,服务贸易自由化对发展中国家分工地位的提升效应大于发达国家;不同服务部门的开放具有异质性影响,其中零售、电信、金融和专业服务部门的自由化能够显著提升一国制造业的分工地位,而运输服务部门自由化促进制造业价值链升级的作用并不明显。本文为中国进一步扩大服务贸易开放,助力制造业利用国内外优质服务深度融入全球价值链、提升国际竞争力、实现价值链跃升提供了实证支持和政策参考。
This paper used the World Bank's Service Trade Restriction Index(STRI)and the WIOD database to study the impact of service trade restrictiveness on the manufacturing participation and position in the global value chain. The empirical results indicate:services liberalization has promoted the forward participation of the global value chain of the manufacturing industry,inhibited subsequent participation,and significantly increased the division of labor status of manufacturing enterprises in the value chain. From the perspective of income level,services liberalization has a greater effect on the GVC positon of developing countries than developed countries. The opening of different service sectors has heterogeneous effects: the positon promoting effect of retail,telecommunications,and professional services liberalization is more obvious, while the positon promoting effect of transport services liberalization is not significant. This paper provides empirical support and policy reference for China to expand the openness of service sectors,to help the manufacturing industry fully use domestic and foreign high-quality services to deeply integrate into global value chains,enhance international competitiveness,and achieve a rapid rise in the value chain position.
This paper used the World Bank's Service Trade Restriction Index(STRI)and the WIOD database to study the impact of service trade restrictiveness on the manufacturing participation and position in the global value chain. The empirical results indicate:services liberalization has promoted the forward participation of the global value chain of the manufacturing industry,inhibited subsequent participation,and significantly increased the division of labor status of manufacturing enterprises in the value chain. From the perspective of income level,services liberalization has a greater effect on the GVC positon of developing countries than developed countries. The opening of different service sectors has heterogeneous effects: the positon promoting effect of retail,telecommunications,and professional services liberalization is more obvious, while the positon promoting effect of transport services liberalization is not significant. This paper provides empirical support and policy reference for China to expand the openness of service sectors,to help the manufacturing industry fully use domestic and foreign high-quality services to deeply integrate into global value chains,enhance international competitiveness,and achieve a rapid rise in the value chain position.
引文
[1]LOW P.The Role of Services in Global Value Chains[R].Working Paper FGI,2013.
[2]盛斌,陈帅.全球价值链如何改变了贸易政策:对产业升级的影响和启示[J].国际经济评论,2015(1):85-97+6.
[3]MIROUDOT S,CADESTIN C.Services in Global Value Chains:From Inputs to Value-Creating Activities[J].OECD Trade Policy Papers,2017:197.
[4]吕越,黄艳希,陈勇兵.全球价值链嵌入的生产率效应:影响与机制分析[J].世界经济,2017,40(7):28-51.
[5]FRANCOIS J,MANCHIN M,TOMBERGER P.Services Linkages and the Value-Added Content of Trade[J].World Economy,2016,38(11):1631-1649.
[6]DEBAERE P,GRG H,RAFF H.Greasing the Wheels of International Commerce:How Services Facilitate Firms’International Sourcing[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,2013,46(1):78-102.
[7]BIRYUKOVA O,VOROBJEVA T.The Impact of Service Liberalization on the Participation of BRICS Countries in Global Value Chains.International Organizations Research Journal,2017,12(3):94-113.
[8]WOORI L.Services Liberalization and GVC Participation:New Evidence for Heterogeneous Effects by Income level and Provisions[R].CTEI Working Paper 2017:8.
[9]林僖,鲍晓华.区域服务贸易协定如何影响服务贸易流量——基于增加值贸易的研究视角[J].经济研究,2018,53(1):169-182.
[10]ERIK VAN DER MAREL,SEBASTIAN S.Servicification,Regulation and Economic Performance in GVCs[R].Working Paper,2017.
[11]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016,51(3):151-162.
[12]ROMER C.Spurious Volatility in Historical Unemployment Data[J].Journal of Political Economy,1986,94(1):1-37.
[13]MARKUSEN J R.Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs[J].American Economic Review,1989,79(1):85-95.
[14]RIVERA-BATIZ F L.Quantitative Literacy and the Likelihood of Employment among Young Adults in the United States[J].Journal of Human Resources,1992,27(2):313-328.
[15]KUGLER M.Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment:Within or between Industries[J].Journal of Development Economics,2006,80(2):444-477.
[16]FERNANDES A M,PAUNOV C.Services FDI and Manufacturing Productivity Growth:Evidence for Chile[J].Journal of Development Economics,2012,97(2):305-321.
[17]HOEKMAN B,MATTOO A.Services Trade and Growth[J].Policy Research Working Paper Series,The World Bank,2008:4461.
[18]原毅军,刘浩.中国制造业服务外包与服务业劳动生产率的提升[J].中国工业经济,2009(5):67-76.
[19]AMITI M,WEI S J.Service Outsourcing,Productivity:Evidence from the US[J].World Economy,2009,32(2):203-220.
[20]张艳,唐宜红,周默涵.服务贸易自由化是否提高了制造业企业生产效率[J].世界经济,2013,36(11):51-71.
[21]KOOPMAN R,POWERS W,WANG Z,WEI S J.Give Credit Where Credit is Due:Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains[J].NBER Working Papers,2010.
[22]HUMMELS D,ISHII J,YI K M.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001(54):75-96.
[23]KOOPMAN R,WANG Z.Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports[J].American Economic Review,2014,104(2):459-94.
[24]WANG Z,WEI S J,YU X,et al.Measures of Participation in Global Value Chains and Global Business Cycles[J].NBER Working Papers,2017a:23222.
[25]WANG Z,WEI S J,YU X,et al.Characterizing Global Value Chains:Production Length and Upstreamness[R].NBER Working Paper,2017b:23261.
[26]DOLLAR D,GE Y,YU X D.Institutional Quality and Participation in Global Value Chains[J],2017,http://202.204.172.233:8080/pub/qqjzlyjy/docs/20160407201118816062.pdf.
[27]BEVERELLI C,FIORINI M,HOEKMAN B.Services Trade Policy and Manufacturing Productivity:The Role of Institutions[J].Journal of International Economics,2017(104):166-182.
(1)结果可向作者索要。
(1)根据异质性企业贸易理论,高生产率企业倾向于进口更多的中间投入品并出口更高的产成品。
(1)与Beverelli等(2017)做法不同的是,本文对SIci进行了标准化,从而避免了工具变量STRIIV is的取值超出[0,100]。
[2]盛斌,陈帅.全球价值链如何改变了贸易政策:对产业升级的影响和启示[J].国际经济评论,2015(1):85-97+6.
[3]MIROUDOT S,CADESTIN C.Services in Global Value Chains:From Inputs to Value-Creating Activities[J].OECD Trade Policy Papers,2017:197.
[4]吕越,黄艳希,陈勇兵.全球价值链嵌入的生产率效应:影响与机制分析[J].世界经济,2017,40(7):28-51.
[5]FRANCOIS J,MANCHIN M,TOMBERGER P.Services Linkages and the Value-Added Content of Trade[J].World Economy,2016,38(11):1631-1649.
[6]DEBAERE P,GRG H,RAFF H.Greasing the Wheels of International Commerce:How Services Facilitate Firms’International Sourcing[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,2013,46(1):78-102.
[7]BIRYUKOVA O,VOROBJEVA T.The Impact of Service Liberalization on the Participation of BRICS Countries in Global Value Chains.International Organizations Research Journal,2017,12(3):94-113.
[8]WOORI L.Services Liberalization and GVC Participation:New Evidence for Heterogeneous Effects by Income level and Provisions[R].CTEI Working Paper 2017:8.
[9]林僖,鲍晓华.区域服务贸易协定如何影响服务贸易流量——基于增加值贸易的研究视角[J].经济研究,2018,53(1):169-182.
[10]ERIK VAN DER MAREL,SEBASTIAN S.Servicification,Regulation and Economic Performance in GVCs[R].Working Paper,2017.
[11]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016,51(3):151-162.
[12]ROMER C.Spurious Volatility in Historical Unemployment Data[J].Journal of Political Economy,1986,94(1):1-37.
[13]MARKUSEN J R.Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs[J].American Economic Review,1989,79(1):85-95.
[14]RIVERA-BATIZ F L.Quantitative Literacy and the Likelihood of Employment among Young Adults in the United States[J].Journal of Human Resources,1992,27(2):313-328.
[15]KUGLER M.Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment:Within or between Industries[J].Journal of Development Economics,2006,80(2):444-477.
[16]FERNANDES A M,PAUNOV C.Services FDI and Manufacturing Productivity Growth:Evidence for Chile[J].Journal of Development Economics,2012,97(2):305-321.
[17]HOEKMAN B,MATTOO A.Services Trade and Growth[J].Policy Research Working Paper Series,The World Bank,2008:4461.
[18]原毅军,刘浩.中国制造业服务外包与服务业劳动生产率的提升[J].中国工业经济,2009(5):67-76.
[19]AMITI M,WEI S J.Service Outsourcing,Productivity:Evidence from the US[J].World Economy,2009,32(2):203-220.
[20]张艳,唐宜红,周默涵.服务贸易自由化是否提高了制造业企业生产效率[J].世界经济,2013,36(11):51-71.
[21]KOOPMAN R,POWERS W,WANG Z,WEI S J.Give Credit Where Credit is Due:Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains[J].NBER Working Papers,2010.
[22]HUMMELS D,ISHII J,YI K M.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001(54):75-96.
[23]KOOPMAN R,WANG Z.Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports[J].American Economic Review,2014,104(2):459-94.
[24]WANG Z,WEI S J,YU X,et al.Measures of Participation in Global Value Chains and Global Business Cycles[J].NBER Working Papers,2017a:23222.
[25]WANG Z,WEI S J,YU X,et al.Characterizing Global Value Chains:Production Length and Upstreamness[R].NBER Working Paper,2017b:23261.
[26]DOLLAR D,GE Y,YU X D.Institutional Quality and Participation in Global Value Chains[J],2017,http://202.204.172.233:8080/pub/qqjzlyjy/docs/20160407201118816062.pdf.
[27]BEVERELLI C,FIORINI M,HOEKMAN B.Services Trade Policy and Manufacturing Productivity:The Role of Institutions[J].Journal of International Economics,2017(104):166-182.
(1)结果可向作者索要。
(1)根据异质性企业贸易理论,高生产率企业倾向于进口更多的中间投入品并出口更高的产成品。
(1)与Beverelli等(2017)做法不同的是,本文对SIci进行了标准化,从而避免了工具变量STRIIV is的取值超出[0,100]。
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