Colour-ring wear and loss effects in citizen science mark-resighting studies
|
摘要
Background: Ring wear and loss may have important consequences for mark?recapture studies that aim to estimate survival trends. Our study quantifies the rates of wear and loss from a long?running colour?ringing project of the Eura?sian Oystercatcher(Haematopus ostralegus) in the Netherlands.Methods: Our analysis included 8909 colour?ringed oystercatchers with 118,071 resightings, predominantly ringed and observed by citizen scientists. We quantified how ring wear and loss may vary with ring colour and age, and how this may impact resighting probabilities. We then determined how ring loss may impact survival estimates and resighting probabilities of mark?recapture models by simulating four scenarios of how citizen scientists may resight and report birds with lost colour rings.Results: Annual rates of colour ring loss averaged 2.5% compared with 1% for ring wear, but lost rings also had a higher reporting probability(31.2%) than worn rings(10.3%). Lost rings may not directly impact survival estimates since 50% of oystercatchers with lost rings could still be uniquely identified. Ring wear and loss rapidly increased between 10 and 15 years after ringing. Rates of ring loss were comparable amongst ring colours, but the wear rate appeared higher for red and white rings compared to other colours. Rates of ring wear and loss varied significantly amongst different regions in our study, which were characterised as having different habitat features. Differential rates of ring wear may have important implications for studies conducted over large geographical scales or of multiple species.Conclusions: Based on simulations of ring loss in our population, estimates of apparent survival may be 0.3–1.2%lower whilst the impact of ring wear was deemed even lower. We developed a table of recommendations containing advice for ring fitting, data collection, study design, and mark?recapture analyses, so that future colour?ringing studies can benefit from our experiences in collecting and analysing data of ring wear and loss through citizen science.
Background: Ring wear and loss may have important consequences for mark?recapture studies that aim to estimate survival trends. Our study quantifies the rates of wear and loss from a long?running colour?ringing project of the Eura?sian Oystercatcher(Haematopus ostralegus) in the Netherlands.Methods: Our analysis included 8909 colour?ringed oystercatchers with 118,071 resightings, predominantly ringed and observed by citizen scientists. We quantified how ring wear and loss may vary with ring colour and age, and how this may impact resighting probabilities. We then determined how ring loss may impact survival estimates and resighting probabilities of mark?recapture models by simulating four scenarios of how citizen scientists may resight and report birds with lost colour rings.Results: Annual rates of colour ring loss averaged 2.5% compared with 1% for ring wear, but lost rings also had a higher reporting probability(31.2%) than worn rings(10.3%). Lost rings may not directly impact survival estimates since 50% of oystercatchers with lost rings could still be uniquely identified. Ring wear and loss rapidly increased between 10 and 15 years after ringing. Rates of ring loss were comparable amongst ring colours, but the wear rate appeared higher for red and white rings compared to other colours. Rates of ring wear and loss varied significantly amongst different regions in our study, which were characterised as having different habitat features. Differential rates of ring wear may have important implications for studies conducted over large geographical scales or of multiple species.Conclusions: Based on simulations of ring loss in our population, estimates of apparent survival may be 0.3–1.2%lower whilst the impact of ring wear was deemed even lower. We developed a table of recommendations containing advice for ring fitting, data collection, study design, and mark?recapture analyses, so that future colour?ringing studies can benefit from our experiences in collecting and analysing data of ring wear and loss through citizen science.
Background: Ring wear and loss may have important consequences for mark?recapture studies that aim to estimate survival trends. Our study quantifies the rates of wear and loss from a long?running colour?ringing project of the Eura?sian Oystercatcher(Haematopus ostralegus) in the Netherlands.Methods: Our analysis included 8909 colour?ringed oystercatchers with 118,071 resightings, predominantly ringed and observed by citizen scientists. We quantified how ring wear and loss may vary with ring colour and age, and how this may impact resighting probabilities. We then determined how ring loss may impact survival estimates and resighting probabilities of mark?recapture models by simulating four scenarios of how citizen scientists may resight and report birds with lost colour rings.Results: Annual rates of colour ring loss averaged 2.5% compared with 1% for ring wear, but lost rings also had a higher reporting probability(31.2%) than worn rings(10.3%). Lost rings may not directly impact survival estimates since 50% of oystercatchers with lost rings could still be uniquely identified. Ring wear and loss rapidly increased between 10 and 15 years after ringing. Rates of ring loss were comparable amongst ring colours, but the wear rate appeared higher for red and white rings compared to other colours. Rates of ring wear and loss varied significantly amongst different regions in our study, which were characterised as having different habitat features. Differential rates of ring wear may have important implications for studies conducted over large geographical scales or of multiple species.Conclusions: Based on simulations of ring loss in our population, estimates of apparent survival may be 0.3–1.2%lower whilst the impact of ring wear was deemed even lower. We developed a table of recommendations containing advice for ring fitting, data collection, study design, and mark?recapture analyses, so that future colour?ringing studies can benefit from our experiences in collecting and analysing data of ring wear and loss through citizen science.
引文
Allen AM,Singh NJ.Linking movement ecology with wildlife management and conservation.Front Ecol Evol.2016;3:155.
Allen AM,Ens BJ,van de Pol M,van der Jeugd H,Frauendorf M,Oosterbeek K,Jongejans E.Seasonal survival and migratory connectivity of Eurasian Oystercatchers revealed by citizen science.Auk.2019;136:1-17.https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/uky00 1.
Baccetti N,Morelli F.Which ring colour looks best:results of the Antequera‘Ophthalmic’tests.In:Béchet A,Rendón?Martos M,Amat JA,Baccetti N,Childress B,editors.Proceedings of the IVth international workshop on the greater flamingo in the Mediterranean region and northwest Africa.Flamingo Special Publication 1;2009.pp.78-9.
Baylis SM,Drynan D,Clarke N,Van M,Sunnucks P,Clarke RH.Estimates of wear rates in metal bird bands,with applications for survival and movement models of marked individuals.J Field Ornithol.2018;89:393-406.
Bearhop S,Ward RM,Evans PR.Long?term survival rates in colour?ringed shorebirds-practical considerations in the application of mark-recap?ture models.Bird Study.2003;50:271-9.
Berthold P,Bauer HG,Westhead V.Bird migration:a general survey[Internet].Oxford:Oxford University Press;2001.
Clark JA,Thorup K,Stroud DA.Quantifying the movement patterns of birds from ring recoveries.Ringing Migr.2009;24:180-8.
Clausen KK,Frederiksen M,Madsen J.Measuring neck collar loss of Pink?footed Geese Anser brachyrhynchus.Bird Study.2015;62:137-40.
Collins P,Jessop R,Minton C.Fading of colour?bands used on Pied Oyster?catchers Haematopus longirostris and Sooty Oystercatchers H.fuliginosus in southeast Australia.Wader Study Gr Bull.2002;99:50-3.
Conn PB,Kendall WL,Samuel MD.A general model for the analysis of mark?resight,mark?recapture,and band?recovery data under tag loss.Biometrics.2004;60:900-9.
Durell SEALV.Differential survival in adult Eurasian oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus.J Avian Biol.2007;38:530-5.
Duriez O,S?ther SA,Ens BJ,Choquet R,Pradel R,Lambeck RHD,Klaassen M.Estimating survival and movements using both live and dead recoveries:a case study of oystercatchers confronted with habitat change.J Appl Ecol.2009;46:144-53.
Duriez O,Ens BJ,Choquet R,Pradel R,Klaassen M.Comparing the seasonal survival of resident and migratory oystercatchers:Carry?over effects of habitat quality and weather conditions.Oikos.2012;121:862-73.
Ens BJ,Underhill LG.Synthesis of oystercatcher conservation assessments:general lessons and recommendations.Int Wader Stud.2014;20:5-22.
Ens BJ,Kersten M,Brenninkmeijer A,Hulscher JB.Territory quality,parental effort and reproductive success of Oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus).J Anim Ecol.1992;61:703-15.
Ens BJ,Aarts B,Hallmann C,Oosterbeek K,Sierdsema H,Slaterus R,Troost G,van Turnhout C,Wiersma P,Nienhuis J,van Winden E.Scholeksters in de knel:onderzoek naar de oorzaken van de dramatische achteruitgang van de Scholekster in Nederland.Nijmegen,Netherlands;2011.
Harris MP.Loss of weight and legibility of bird rings.Ringing Migr.1980;3:41-9.
JLLKKPRRRRRROMMMMiuyaeee’oooooiigieéBlantrlyencobblilnrcinkossgiinehindig hesnndiiien(stttccvaaaEo122VeonddddbbAaEO Mba nnnnPsseooeklz niifJraonnné900ntaPuCouurCl ln rrei Efoo.d elgkzALdllktti,a,v710rngntddd ecr dduS i.u r miso mAnnadhiJ taRi e,WVt C515gvJ oCsdrnO,r ab wsRisiL,Ctase.;;;Tee,K WbmáoaRHse iRRls,enouhl,i424b JHu.wDbi wnrTAM,RoeH.me,ec:n?onnoela AAeie,n o62rDdKrilta?1 Araoez arnbBeLi,,s::aautK invbvr pn Rq eZ taS fn 511tlnarnrviFmiazM olnaoiTaneC.iGeytoaygvionvukenre?mP540ls Sdond,Jf lnsriaian cji:rssg.m,taaeue g M ag9--sstM ciCaerdritanv.wasWglhmJdJa ftns.ir cP ad ekWi,6rr77a,fuiaiu i.n B g2 r AenkAR snli tPi.laoairgkla2coRni,-3V xt ani,,GL 0l ndlsnvr nuroMKrgm x,.er ia0dto h1TN y oRiMiSd l o,ooiar1tsHrg.GgCtitt ide.tl0 s DGaabp0afnintvsi,s ocAia da6niyaiAap sihti eoI Ol 9oivtMg4aCan;,lisr:,gelrfmlrnynio ig;avi or o.r.o2erartyt,n unowsd Lovo1.aaJ R iffew adnre)J.fe4nEt s ltHr zlsa WelA 4Anpnr e2lrrcM.:or rai.emJoo,egh r b:eHi,a rsn1Oorte fy c0soe rgla1ir4JJorSnu,rdoo ae.neFaoh,r2caW rr eoGo e0,m9n1iem rfgrHut s cgfFStdSnordo8 d svCetW9R rabuki9.1?t edre ioeslwior ls;sBle-rhmeieMatJe e ad G 0da-nlt un 2ne,Cadr,lnfrgaeahl4 u.ed;n,so oKlpeari e3d n 4dcogbrjoFR 4 TH egsru9gfoersekE:PO oGic e1a,rnrEeea e.me1 enl sks2rrkns re?ac..,W erO rrrJvhN.:n ur?nva Nsd a d6ttSsoioo4d..nrsrtdEA2riooJw S d.oe ksn?sdMfdle 6ie en.3Jhug2ofrF:t 0 eniort Teoe oq aaAiies-ctbsrreK-tr0ueAsspw1htDFlru nelhtniunauhnv.a 7g eh,i y5.1a hd lk2esm oiom r e BecCle rRpeHpgs2i;IRsAd s2 Tv3l?eyDio il.Jic..Apr.o1atnas.bSn fh?e?c,ea salilgGdw ta.l,rriuai 5i2 Aooorul0RGdc n lz m.rnR.iseekc nptB ro ef 2i30v.crH1ae enoOdg i iecPecefa Rvwh:eia,dt0e1rst vdM2 aorn s ieB5iaamiylarhtd cr.eaiSb0lro4i ednn,0tot to mg3hou np nrra;ciaoftdieds3ReaoE liil1ufgn suMit8-tHioll;aerbli opaa,ennre.itd pqins8auh 7l5 7varb?lnatttnirna decn;llnag:rdi2vettlut4nr oA4 soul1Aag s3nlwioegte re.i:negso.n0l,biselr ir Bsi.e6 all 1?no2i?s ds rci sdnoe0to;usltartWaiC rat0M 21i Me9:ena fmpte5h-nhsg:no2cdo n m aii0h1Mim-;iMa7 itr tcf hpeaks0gBnl1g n 0dd-uenSe3,.ho2p abPM,ra trea u1or,0gtts5icre8c.8kr roee3Bpaei sWnigCp;3ea.np.di6rmk aoofistWgr2t-n7.k lntrr r n(Euatagrus.lhprSandu0eoo4a6 dai.gAw dr lugo rttirt:me2urna u0 c1 a-gdn r2krTpa9nsueu cBe.ts0ti,lcd6e wagree sr0 riif4cddJo;cobeaR.i1esserisoeAo nlrunm02 l-iieAsy son)nJuci1 Merca:ozn ges8,r3 awu7;etdtdvo atd 1 a,;.:ilr aGA.in1sf es.tGeShpe2sa3dpulesf7o J rbPe6r.igyriitaz St4 e9enioie-dl:i nIrmnydalmB:Aar rnuegl8t ip-o2p n st 1lifidrJicrusp8 ffsg c4uotoeh9wwuns 1 nelsAyo lHh.-elrap4:lBaigen oi.-,ua fam,te.atl ir1Boug crr tn4rtohhebgrepmrrMta0aEe.ieeilib eavsaeotco4aoedTiptii?.le,rsnelonsleern.?tslsshd.?odwes?
Runge CA,Martin TG,Possingham HP,Willis SG,Fuller RA.Conserving mobile species.Front Ecol Environ.2014;12:395-402.
Rutten AL,Oosterbeek K,Verhulst S,Dingemanse NJ,Ens BJ.Experimental evidence for interference competition in oystercatchers,Haematopus ostralegus.II.Free?living birds.Behav Ecol.2010;21:1261-70.
Safriel UN,Harris MP,Brooke MDL,Britton CK.Survival of breeding oystercatch?ers Haematopus ostralegus.J Anim Ecol.1984;53:867-77.
Sandvik H,Erikstad KE,Barrett RT,Yoccoz NG.The effect of climate on adult survival in five species of North Atlantic seabirds.J Anim Ecol.2005;74:817-31.
Seber GAF.A review of estimating animal abundance.Biometrics.1986;42:267-92.
Senar JC,Carrillo?Ortiz J,Arroyo L.Numbered neck collars for long?distance identification of parakeets.J Field Ornithol.2012;83:180-5.
van de Pol M,Bruinzeel LW,Heg D,van der Jeugd HP,Verhulst S.A silver spoon for a golden future:long?term effects of natal origin on fitness prospects of oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus).J Anim Ecol.2006;75:616-26.
van de Pol M,Vindenes Y,S?ther B?E,Engen S,Ens BJ,Oosterbeek K,Tinbergen JM.Effects of climate change and variability on population dynamics in a long?lived shorebird.Ecology.2010;91:1192-204.
van de Pol M,Atkinson PW,Blew J,Crowe O,Delany S,Duriez O,H?tker H,Laursen K,Oosterbeek KH,Petersen A,Thorup O,Tj?rve K,Triplet P,Yésou P.A global assessment of the conservation status of the nominate sub?species of Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus.Int Wader Stud.2014;20:47-61.
Walker RH,Robinson RA,Leech DI,Moss D,Kew AJ,Barber LJ,Barimore CJ,Blackburn JR,Clewley GD,De Palacio DX,Grantham MJ,Griffin BM,Sch?fer S,Clark JA.Bird ringing and nest recording in Britain and Ireland in 2014.Ringing Migr.2015;30:84-147.
Ward RM.Darvic colour?rings for shorebird studies:manufacture,application and durability.Int Wader Study Gr Bull.2000;91:30-4.
Weiser EL,Lanctot RB,Brown SC,Gates HR,Bentzen RL,Bêty J,Boldenow ML,English WB,Franks SE,Koloski L,Kwon E,Lamarre J?F,Lank DB,Liebezeit JR,McKinnon L,Nol E,Rausch J,Saalfeld ST,Senner NR,Ward DH,Woodard PF,Sandercock BK.Environmental and ecological conditions at Arctic breeding sites have limited effects on true survival rates of adult shorebirds.Auk.2018;135:29-43.
White GC,Burnham KP.Program MARK:survival estimation from populations of marked animals.Bird Study.1999;46:S120-39.
Wood KA,Nuijten RJM,Newth JL,Haitjema T,Vangeluwe D,Ioannidis P,Har?rison AL,Mackenzie C,Hilton GM,Nolet BA,Rees EC.Apparent survival of an Arctic?breeding migratory bird over 44 years of fluctuating population size.Ibis.2018;160:413-30.
Allen AM,Ens BJ,van de Pol M,van der Jeugd H,Frauendorf M,Oosterbeek K,Jongejans E.Seasonal survival and migratory connectivity of Eurasian Oystercatchers revealed by citizen science.Auk.2019;136:1-17.https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/uky00 1.
Baccetti N,Morelli F.Which ring colour looks best:results of the Antequera‘Ophthalmic’tests.In:Béchet A,Rendón?Martos M,Amat JA,Baccetti N,Childress B,editors.Proceedings of the IVth international workshop on the greater flamingo in the Mediterranean region and northwest Africa.Flamingo Special Publication 1;2009.pp.78-9.
Baylis SM,Drynan D,Clarke N,Van M,Sunnucks P,Clarke RH.Estimates of wear rates in metal bird bands,with applications for survival and movement models of marked individuals.J Field Ornithol.2018;89:393-406.
Bearhop S,Ward RM,Evans PR.Long?term survival rates in colour?ringed shorebirds-practical considerations in the application of mark-recap?ture models.Bird Study.2003;50:271-9.
Berthold P,Bauer HG,Westhead V.Bird migration:a general survey[Internet].Oxford:Oxford University Press;2001.
Clark JA,Thorup K,Stroud DA.Quantifying the movement patterns of birds from ring recoveries.Ringing Migr.2009;24:180-8.
Clausen KK,Frederiksen M,Madsen J.Measuring neck collar loss of Pink?footed Geese Anser brachyrhynchus.Bird Study.2015;62:137-40.
Collins P,Jessop R,Minton C.Fading of colour?bands used on Pied Oyster?catchers Haematopus longirostris and Sooty Oystercatchers H.fuliginosus in southeast Australia.Wader Study Gr Bull.2002;99:50-3.
Conn PB,Kendall WL,Samuel MD.A general model for the analysis of mark?resight,mark?recapture,and band?recovery data under tag loss.Biometrics.2004;60:900-9.
Durell SEALV.Differential survival in adult Eurasian oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus.J Avian Biol.2007;38:530-5.
Duriez O,S?ther SA,Ens BJ,Choquet R,Pradel R,Lambeck RHD,Klaassen M.Estimating survival and movements using both live and dead recoveries:a case study of oystercatchers confronted with habitat change.J Appl Ecol.2009;46:144-53.
Duriez O,Ens BJ,Choquet R,Pradel R,Klaassen M.Comparing the seasonal survival of resident and migratory oystercatchers:Carry?over effects of habitat quality and weather conditions.Oikos.2012;121:862-73.
Ens BJ,Underhill LG.Synthesis of oystercatcher conservation assessments:general lessons and recommendations.Int Wader Stud.2014;20:5-22.
Ens BJ,Kersten M,Brenninkmeijer A,Hulscher JB.Territory quality,parental effort and reproductive success of Oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus).J Anim Ecol.1992;61:703-15.
Ens BJ,Aarts B,Hallmann C,Oosterbeek K,Sierdsema H,Slaterus R,Troost G,van Turnhout C,Wiersma P,Nienhuis J,van Winden E.Scholeksters in de knel:onderzoek naar de oorzaken van de dramatische achteruitgang van de Scholekster in Nederland.Nijmegen,Netherlands;2011.
Harris MP.Loss of weight and legibility of bird rings.Ringing Migr.1980;3:41-9.
JLLKKPRRRRRROMMMMiuyaeee’oooooiigieéBlantrlyencobblilnrcinkossgiinehindig hesnndiiien(stttccvaaaEo122VeonddddbbAaEO Mba nnnnPsseooeklz niifJraonnné900ntaPuCouurCl ln rrei Efoo.d elgkzALdllktti,a,v710rngntddd ecr dduS i.u r miso mAnnadhiJ taRi e,WVt C515gvJ oCsdrnO,r ab wsRisiL,Ctase.;;;Tee,K WbmáoaRHse iRRls,enouhl,i424b JHu.wDbi wnrTAM,RoeH.me,ec:n?onnoela AAeie,n o62rDdKrilta?1 Araoez arnbBeLi,,s::aautK invbvr pn Rq eZ taS fn 511tlnarnrviFmiazM olnaoiTaneC.iGeytoaygvionvukenre?mP540ls Sdond,Jf lnsriaian cji:rssg.m,taaeue g M ag9--sstM ciCaerdritanv.wasWglhmJdJa ftns.ir cP ad ekWi,6rr77a,fuiaiu i.n B g2 r AenkAR snli tPi.laoairgkla2coRni,-3V xt ani,,GL 0l ndlsnvr nuroMKrgm x,.er ia0dto h1TN y oRiMiSd l o,ooiar1tsHrg.GgCtitt ide.tl0 s DGaabp0afnintvsi,s ocAia da6niyaiAap sihti eoI Ol 9oivtMg4aCan;,lisr:,gelrfmlrnynio ig;avi or o.r.o2erartyt,n unowsd Lovo1.aaJ R iffew adnre)J.fe4nEt s ltHr zlsa WelA 4Anpnr e2lrrcM.:or rai.emJoo,egh r b:eHi,a rsn1Oorte fy c0soe rgla1ir4JJorSnu,rdoo ae.neFaoh,r2caW rr eoGo e0,m9n1iem rfgrHut s cgfFStdSnordo8 d svCetW9R rabuki9.1?t edre ioeslwior ls;sBle-rhmeieMatJe e ad G 0da-nlt un 2ne,Cadr,lnfrgaeahl4 u.ed;n,so oKlpeari e3d n 4dcogbrjoFR 4 TH egsru9gfoersekE:PO oGic e1a,rnrEeea e.me1 enl sks2rrkns re?ac..,W erO rrrJvhN.:n ur?nva Nsd a d6ttSsoioo4d..nrsrtdEA2riooJw S d.oe ksn?sdMfdle 6ie en.3Jhug2ofrF:t 0 eniort Teoe oq aaAiies-ctbsrreK-tr0ueAsspw1htDFlru nelhtniunauhnv.a 7g eh,i y5.1a hd lk2esm oiom r e BecCle rRpeHpgs2i;IRsAd s2 Tv3l?eyDio il.Jic..Apr.o1atnas.bSn fh?e?c,ea salilgGdw ta.l,rriuai 5i2 Aooorul0RGdc n lz m.rnR.iseekc nptB ro ef 2i30v.crH1ae enoOdg i iecPecefa Rvwh:eia,dt0e1rst vdM2 aorn s ieB5iaamiylarhtd cr.eaiSb0lro4i ednn,0tot to mg3hou np nrra;ciaoftdieds3ReaoE liil1ufgn suMit8-tHioll;aerbli opaa,ennre.itd pqins8auh 7l5 7varb?lnatttnirna decn;llnag:rdi2vettlut4nr oA4 soul1Aag s3nlwioegte re.i:negso.n0l,biselr ir Bsi.e6 all 1?no2i?s ds rci sdnoe0to;usltartWaiC rat0M 21i Me9:ena fmpte5h-nhsg:no2cdo n m aii0h1Mim-;iMa7 itr tcf hpeaks0gBnl1g n 0dd-uenSe3,.ho2p abPM,ra trea u1or,0gtts5icre8c.8kr roee3Bpaei sWnigCp;3ea.np.di6rmk aoofistWgr2t-n7.k lntrr r n(Euatagrus.lhprSandu0eoo4a6 dai.gAw dr lugo rttirt:me2urna u0 c1 a-gdn r2krTpa9nsueu cBe.ts0ti,lcd6e wagree sr0 riif4cddJo;cobeaR.i1esserisoeAo nlrunm02 l-iieAsy son)nJuci1 Merca:ozn ges8,r3 awu7;etdtdvo atd 1 a,;.:ilr aGA.in1sf es.tGeShpe2sa3dpulesf7o J rbPe6r.igyriitaz St4 e9enioie-dl:i nIrmnydalmB:Aar rnuegl8t ip-o2p n st 1lifidrJicrusp8 ffsg c4uotoeh9wwuns 1 nelsAyo lHh.-elrap4:lBaigen oi.-,ua fam,te.atl ir1Boug crr tn4rtohhebgrepmrrMta0aEe.ieeilib eavsaeotco4aoedTiptii?.le,rsnelonsleern.?tslsshd.?odwes?
Runge CA,Martin TG,Possingham HP,Willis SG,Fuller RA.Conserving mobile species.Front Ecol Environ.2014;12:395-402.
Rutten AL,Oosterbeek K,Verhulst S,Dingemanse NJ,Ens BJ.Experimental evidence for interference competition in oystercatchers,Haematopus ostralegus.II.Free?living birds.Behav Ecol.2010;21:1261-70.
Safriel UN,Harris MP,Brooke MDL,Britton CK.Survival of breeding oystercatch?ers Haematopus ostralegus.J Anim Ecol.1984;53:867-77.
Sandvik H,Erikstad KE,Barrett RT,Yoccoz NG.The effect of climate on adult survival in five species of North Atlantic seabirds.J Anim Ecol.2005;74:817-31.
Seber GAF.A review of estimating animal abundance.Biometrics.1986;42:267-92.
Senar JC,Carrillo?Ortiz J,Arroyo L.Numbered neck collars for long?distance identification of parakeets.J Field Ornithol.2012;83:180-5.
van de Pol M,Bruinzeel LW,Heg D,van der Jeugd HP,Verhulst S.A silver spoon for a golden future:long?term effects of natal origin on fitness prospects of oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus).J Anim Ecol.2006;75:616-26.
van de Pol M,Vindenes Y,S?ther B?E,Engen S,Ens BJ,Oosterbeek K,Tinbergen JM.Effects of climate change and variability on population dynamics in a long?lived shorebird.Ecology.2010;91:1192-204.
van de Pol M,Atkinson PW,Blew J,Crowe O,Delany S,Duriez O,H?tker H,Laursen K,Oosterbeek KH,Petersen A,Thorup O,Tj?rve K,Triplet P,Yésou P.A global assessment of the conservation status of the nominate sub?species of Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus.Int Wader Stud.2014;20:47-61.
Walker RH,Robinson RA,Leech DI,Moss D,Kew AJ,Barber LJ,Barimore CJ,Blackburn JR,Clewley GD,De Palacio DX,Grantham MJ,Griffin BM,Sch?fer S,Clark JA.Bird ringing and nest recording in Britain and Ireland in 2014.Ringing Migr.2015;30:84-147.
Ward RM.Darvic colour?rings for shorebird studies:manufacture,application and durability.Int Wader Study Gr Bull.2000;91:30-4.
Weiser EL,Lanctot RB,Brown SC,Gates HR,Bentzen RL,Bêty J,Boldenow ML,English WB,Franks SE,Koloski L,Kwon E,Lamarre J?F,Lank DB,Liebezeit JR,McKinnon L,Nol E,Rausch J,Saalfeld ST,Senner NR,Ward DH,Woodard PF,Sandercock BK.Environmental and ecological conditions at Arctic breeding sites have limited effects on true survival rates of adult shorebirds.Auk.2018;135:29-43.
White GC,Burnham KP.Program MARK:survival estimation from populations of marked animals.Bird Study.1999;46:S120-39.
Wood KA,Nuijten RJM,Newth JL,Haitjema T,Vangeluwe D,Ioannidis P,Har?rison AL,Mackenzie C,Hilton GM,Nolet BA,Rees EC.Apparent survival of an Arctic?breeding migratory bird over 44 years of fluctuating population size.Ibis.2018;160:413-30.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |