四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大中型气田分布规律及勘探方向
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摘要
基于四川盆地海相大中型气田基本特征分析,结合海相克拉通阶段主要成藏地质单元划分及其对关键成藏要素的控制作用研究,探讨盆地海相碳酸盐岩大中型气田分布规律,指出勘探方向。通过周期性拉张-隆升背景的分析,提出四川海相克拉通阶段发育形成了5个大型古裂陷、3个大型古隆起、5个大型古侵蚀面等大型地质单元,这些地质单元控制了大中型气田的关键成藏要素:(1)大型古裂陷控制了优质烃源岩生烃中心展布;(2)大型古裂陷边缘、古隆起高部位、古侵蚀面控制了优质储集层的展布;(3)大型古裂陷、古隆起、古侵蚀面和现今构造背景联合控制了多类大中型圈闭的形成;(4)大型地质单元内圈闭继承性演化控制天然气规模聚集。通过大中型气田展布特征与大型成藏地质单元的对比分析,提出单个或多个成藏地质单元与现今构造的叠合关系控制了大中型气田的分布,"三古"叠合区最为有利。德阳—安岳古裂陷周缘、龙门山古裂陷东缘、开江—梁平海槽及城口—鄂西海槽边缘带、环川中水下古隆起高部位、川东—蜀南地区茅口组顶界古侵蚀面、川中—川西雷口坡组顶界古侵蚀面等,是四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大中型气田勘探主要领域和方向。
Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo-erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium-and large-sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo-erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo-erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of mediumand large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around central Sichuan, paleo-erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo-erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.
Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo-erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium-and large-sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo-erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo-erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of mediumand large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around central Sichuan, paleo-erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo-erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.
引文
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