中国水土保持空间管理体系框架的构建
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摘要
水土保持具有显著的地域广袤性和空间差异性,科学合理的空间组织形式是实现水土保持精细、高效、现代化管理的重要基础。作者在分析目前水土保持行业空间管理现状的基础上,结合水土保持空间管理发展需求,系统阐述水土保持空间管理体系框架的概念内涵及其理论基础,明确体系框架构建的原则与方法,按照纵向宏观、中观和微观,横向自然、业务、行政管理的"3横3纵"结构,构建中国水土保持空间管理体系框架,并针对3个空间尺度的层次定位、内容组成和关联关系进行了论述,从空间管理理念角度为推进中国水土保持现代化管理提供一套空间管理方案。
[Background] Soil and water loss and soil and water conservation are of remarkable regionality. Soil and water loss in different regions can be manifested in different types,intensities and characteristics due to the differences of natural conditions and environment. Soil and water conservation work needs to adopt different control measures and management means due to different economic levels,land use and social development conditions in different regions. The depths and requirements of top-down spatial management of water and soil conservation are also different. Therefore,the establishment of a scientific and rational form of spatial organization and management is the inevitable requirement and important foundation for the fine,efficient and modern management of soil and water conservation.[Methods]In this study,comprehensive analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to deeply analyze the technical connotation of different types of spatial management practices,to analyze their internal structure and logical relationship,and to cluster them according to their use,nature and characteristics as the criteria of hierarchical classification. Based on the system analysis method,taking the construction of spatial management system framework as the whole research object,taking the hierarchical classification and the related links of the system framework as the key points of the main contradictions and the need for coordination,the integration of the existing spatial management status and the extension of the content within the system framework were carried out to form a scientific,reasonable and feasible overall system framework of spatial management of soil and water conservation to meet the needs of practical management. [Results] The framework of spatial management system is constructed in two latitudes:vertical and horizontal. In the aspect of vertical dimension,according to the difference of spatial management demand between upper and lower levels of soil and water conservation,the three-level spatial scale pattern of macro,meso and micro is constructed. There is clear scale positioning in different scales. By formulating and applying corresponding management rules and means,the spatial cohesion and interconnection between upper and lower levels are achieved. In horizontal dimension,according to the different purposes and target elements of spatial management,the types of spatial management are divided into three types: natural management,business management and administrative management. The three forms of spatial management exist in the macro,meso and micro scales,mainly in the macro aspect. The main purpose of natural management is to reflect the current situation of natural evaluation and to carry out spatial management of regional division based on natural geographical elements. Business management refers to the form of spatial management which focuses on the management of soil and water conservation,ecological environment management,supervision and protection,etc. Administrative management refers to the administrative spatial management based on administrative division units. [Conclusions] On the basis of systematic analysis,this paper puts forward the theory,construction method and framework content of the spatial management system framework of soil and water conservation in China. The framework of the spatial management system is based on the existing achievements of spatial management of soil and water conservation. It is the full inheritance and absorption of the existing achievements of spatial management,reduces the duplication of work and reduces the difficulty of establishing the spatial framework.
[Background] Soil and water loss and soil and water conservation are of remarkable regionality. Soil and water loss in different regions can be manifested in different types,intensities and characteristics due to the differences of natural conditions and environment. Soil and water conservation work needs to adopt different control measures and management means due to different economic levels,land use and social development conditions in different regions. The depths and requirements of top-down spatial management of water and soil conservation are also different. Therefore,the establishment of a scientific and rational form of spatial organization and management is the inevitable requirement and important foundation for the fine,efficient and modern management of soil and water conservation.[Methods]In this study,comprehensive analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to deeply analyze the technical connotation of different types of spatial management practices,to analyze their internal structure and logical relationship,and to cluster them according to their use,nature and characteristics as the criteria of hierarchical classification. Based on the system analysis method,taking the construction of spatial management system framework as the whole research object,taking the hierarchical classification and the related links of the system framework as the key points of the main contradictions and the need for coordination,the integration of the existing spatial management status and the extension of the content within the system framework were carried out to form a scientific,reasonable and feasible overall system framework of spatial management of soil and water conservation to meet the needs of practical management. [Results] The framework of spatial management system is constructed in two latitudes:vertical and horizontal. In the aspect of vertical dimension,according to the difference of spatial management demand between upper and lower levels of soil and water conservation,the three-level spatial scale pattern of macro,meso and micro is constructed. There is clear scale positioning in different scales. By formulating and applying corresponding management rules and means,the spatial cohesion and interconnection between upper and lower levels are achieved. In horizontal dimension,according to the different purposes and target elements of spatial management,the types of spatial management are divided into three types: natural management,business management and administrative management. The three forms of spatial management exist in the macro,meso and micro scales,mainly in the macro aspect. The main purpose of natural management is to reflect the current situation of natural evaluation and to carry out spatial management of regional division based on natural geographical elements. Business management refers to the form of spatial management which focuses on the management of soil and water conservation,ecological environment management,supervision and protection,etc. Administrative management refers to the administrative spatial management based on administrative division units. [Conclusions] On the basis of systematic analysis,this paper puts forward the theory,construction method and framework content of the spatial management system framework of soil and water conservation in China. The framework of the spatial management system is based on the existing achievements of spatial management of soil and water conservation. It is the full inheritance and absorption of the existing achievements of spatial management,reduces the duplication of work and reduces the difficulty of establishing the spatial framework.
引文
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[4]中华人民共和国水利部.全国水土保持规划国家级水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区复核划分成果[EB/OL].(2013-08-12)[2018-02-13].http://www.jswater.gov.cn/art/2013/9/9/art_91_30533.html.The Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China.Check results of the national level key soil and water loss prevention and the major control area in the national soil and water conservation planning.[EB/OL].(2013-08-12)[2018-02-13].http://www.jswater.gov.cn/art/2013/9/9/art_91_30533.html
[5]张洪江,张长印,赵永军,等.我国小流域综合治理面临的问题与对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):131.ZHANG Hongjiang,ZHANG Changyin,ZHAO Yongjun,et al.Issues and countermeasures in the comprehensive management of small watershed in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(1):131.
[6]周玉喜,段淑怀.“北京市水土保持生态环境管理信息系统”管理单元:北京山区小流域划分[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(2):45.ZHOU Yuxi,DUAN Shuhuai.Unit for Beijing information system of soil and water conservation:Small watershed division in Beijing Mountain Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(2):4.
[7]蔡景平,邵子玉.辽宁省小流域管理信息系统的建立[J].水土保持通报,2003,23(4):36.CAI Jingping,SHAO Ziyu.Establishing information system of watershed management in Liaoning province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,23(4):36.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.全国生态功能区划[EB/OL].(2015-11-13)[2018-02-13].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/t20151126_317777.html The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the P.R.China.Ecological priority zone of China.[EB/OL].(2015-11-13)[2018-02-13].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/t20151126_317777.html
[9]中华人民共和国国务院.全国主体功能区规划[EB/OL].(2010-12-21)[2018-02-12].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.html The State Council of the P.R.China.Major function oriented zoning of China.[EB/OL].(2010-12-21)[2018-02-12].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htmlJP
[10]罗志东.我国水土保持基础管理单元“水保斑”的认识与探索[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(4):127.LUO Zhidong.Conservation patch:The minimum basic management unit of soil and water conservation in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(4):127.
[2]中华人民共和国水利部.全国水土保持区划(试行)[EB/OL].(2012-11-15)[2018-02-12].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/201212/t20121214_964113.html The Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China.The regionalization of soil and water conservation of China[EB/OL].(2012-11-15)[2018-02-12].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/201212/t20121214_964113.html
[3]王海燕,赵永军.关于水土流失重点防治区划分标准的几个技术问题探讨[J].中国水土保持,2015(12):61.WANG Haiyan,ZHAO Yongjun.The technical issues of standard for zoning of key prevention and control region of soil erosion[J].Soil and Water Conservation of China,2015(12):61.
[4]中华人民共和国水利部.全国水土保持规划国家级水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区复核划分成果[EB/OL].(2013-08-12)[2018-02-13].http://www.jswater.gov.cn/art/2013/9/9/art_91_30533.html.The Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China.Check results of the national level key soil and water loss prevention and the major control area in the national soil and water conservation planning.[EB/OL].(2013-08-12)[2018-02-13].http://www.jswater.gov.cn/art/2013/9/9/art_91_30533.html
[5]张洪江,张长印,赵永军,等.我国小流域综合治理面临的问题与对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):131.ZHANG Hongjiang,ZHANG Changyin,ZHAO Yongjun,et al.Issues and countermeasures in the comprehensive management of small watershed in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(1):131.
[6]周玉喜,段淑怀.“北京市水土保持生态环境管理信息系统”管理单元:北京山区小流域划分[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(2):45.ZHOU Yuxi,DUAN Shuhuai.Unit for Beijing information system of soil and water conservation:Small watershed division in Beijing Mountain Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(2):4.
[7]蔡景平,邵子玉.辽宁省小流域管理信息系统的建立[J].水土保持通报,2003,23(4):36.CAI Jingping,SHAO Ziyu.Establishing information system of watershed management in Liaoning province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,23(4):36.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.全国生态功能区划[EB/OL].(2015-11-13)[2018-02-13].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/t20151126_317777.html The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the P.R.China.Ecological priority zone of China.[EB/OL].(2015-11-13)[2018-02-13].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/t20151126_317777.html
[9]中华人民共和国国务院.全国主体功能区规划[EB/OL].(2010-12-21)[2018-02-12].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.html The State Council of the P.R.China.Major function oriented zoning of China.[EB/OL].(2010-12-21)[2018-02-12].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htmlJP
[10]罗志东.我国水土保持基础管理单元“水保斑”的认识与探索[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(4):127.LUO Zhidong.Conservation patch:The minimum basic management unit of soil and water conservation in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(4):127.
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